biol 140 gmo on agriculture ppt
TRANSCRIPT
The Effects of
Genetically
Modified OrganismsVictor Balares, Carlos Gamino, Caleb Henderson, Viviana Medrano and
Andrew Schieberl
BIOL-140-01
Professor Steinert
Background on GMOs
“Genetically-Modified Organisms”, “GM foods”
Crop plants for human/animal consumption
Experimental combinations of genes
Selected individual genes
Genetically engineered animals or plants
Desirable traits to improve agriculture
Determine the toxicology of GM crops
Origins
Hybrid corn (1930s)
Resistance to insects
Greater yield
Immoral?
Hybrid vs GMO
Cross-breeding vs gene-splicing
Timeline
1980 – GMO Patent
1982 – FDA Approval (Humulin)
1994 – Flavr Savr for sale
1996 – Herbicide-resistance
1999 – GMOs dominate
2003 – Pests develop resistance
The Purpose of Genetically
Engineered Foods
Enhanced traits:
Resistance to disease
Increased productivity
Greater nutritional content
Disease resistance
Pest resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Cold tolerance
Drought resistance
Increased productivity
Greater nutritional content
How to genetically engineer
plants?
Example of a GMO
Could this be harmful to humans?
Livestock Not
Effected by GMO
Diet, Study Finds
• 100 Billion animals studied
• Livestock health records are
kept on file
• Data collected from before
and after the introduction of
GMO crops and foodstuffs for
animal consumption, 1983
The data shows no
unfavorable health trends or
traits
•No detectable traces of
genetically altered material
found in the milk, meat, and
eggs of the animals studied
Laboratory Mice Fed
Genetically Modified Grain
Resistant to an HerbicideStudy done on five
generations of mice
finds:
•Increased white blood
cell count
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Decreased percentage
of T lymphocytes in the
spleen and lymph nodes
• Decreased percentage
of B lymphocytes in the
lymph nodes and the
blood
How prevalent are GMO
crops? Over 80% herbicide tolerance
80% of conventional processed food
93% of soy, 93% of cotton, 90% of canola, and 86%
of corn
PrevalenceFDA and USDA: 40 plant varieties
32%
55.76%
12.24%
68%
GMO Production
Positive impacts
of GMOs?
The use of GMOs in agriculture has…
Increased crop production by 98.2 billion dollars
Saved 473 million kilograms of pesticides
Saved 23.1 billion kilograms of C02 emissions
Saved 108.7 million hectares of land
Has helped more than 15 million small farms and their families in the poorest
countries
Source: James, 2013
Growth of GM Crops
Video
Thierry Vrain retired 10 years ago
after a long career as a soil biologist
He found that he cannot ignore them
anymore and has joined the campaign
to educate consumers about the
potential health problems reported in
the recent scientific literature
TEDx Talks:
The Gene Revolution-The Future
of Agriculture
Conclusion
Desired traits
Marketing/Farming
Potential to solve world hunger
Human health risks
Environmental effects to monarch butterflies and bees
Sources
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