biological acquisition unit team members: fred avery ny ‘jaa bobo gene council salvatore giorgi...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Biological Acquisition Unit
Team Members:Fred AveryNy ‘Jaa BoboGene CouncilSalvatore Giorgi
Advisors:Dr. HelfertyDr. Pillapakkam
Outline of Presentation
• Mission Overviewo Objectiveo Theoryo Background / Previous Researcho Biological Analysiso Success Criteria
• Designo Design Processo Electrical Systemo Physical Modelo Software Flow Charto Power Systemo Componentso Filter Systemo Optical Systemo Design Complianceo Testingo Biological Analysiso Shared Can Logistics
• Managemento Scheduleo Team Memberso Advisorso Part List / Budget Outlineo Conclusion
Mission Overview
Objective• Measure the earth’s magnetic field as a function
of altitude.
• Measure flight dynamics of the rocket.
• Take biological samples in stratosphere and lower mesosphere.
• Mini-spectrometer will measure the absorption spectrum of the atmosphere as a function of altitude
Theory• An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an
electrical device consisting of accelerometers and gyroscopes that are used to measure the rocket’s flight dynamics (roll, pitch, and yaw).
• The magnetometer will measure the strength and direction of the earth’s magnetic field.
• The filtration system will collect organic and inorganic material suspended in the atmosphere.
• Spectrometer measures properties of light over a specific electromagnetic spectrum, specifically UV, VIS, and NIR.
Background• Biological aerosol defined as airborne solid particles (dead
or alive) that are or were derived from living organisms, including microorganisms and fragments of living things.o Include: bacteria, fungi, viruses, unicellular organisms
• In 2006, the European Science Foundation funded an exploratory workshop on “Microbiological Meteorology” at the French National Agronomic Research Institute (INRA) in Avignon. o Potential roles of micro-organisms
• Act as cloud condensation nuclei and to participate in radiative forcing.
• Many airborne micro-organisms likely metabolize chemical components of aerosols thereby modifying atmospheric chemistry.
Previous Research• In 2008, a study identified bacterial species
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus endophyticus, and the fungal genus Penicillium.
• In 2005, a study showed about 25% of the particles suspended in air in the size range of 0.2 to 5 μm are primary biological aerosol particles.
Success Criteria• Acquire Stratospheric specimen
o Collect a statistically significant sample to compare to previous studies.• Amount of samples• Type of microbes
• Spectrometero Accurately measure and record atmospheric spectra o Determine environment bio samples survive in
• IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)o Accurately and reliably record data such as:
• Velocity• Flight Dynamics • Gravitational Force
• Magnetometero Study magnetic field in upper atmosphere.o Compare experimental magnetic field to actual values .
System Overview
Design Process
Electrical System Block Diagram
Physical Model
Software Flow ChartInitialize System
Start timer for opening / closing valve
Check connection
s
Sample Sensors (I2C, SPI, and analog pins)
Sample Sensors (I2C, SPI, and analog pins)
Write sensor data
First Timer
Finished
Second Timer Finished
Sample Sensors (I2C, SPI, and analog pins)
Open Valve
Close Valve
PowerBasic System Requirements• Microprocessor – 90 mA @ 3.3 V
• Magnetometer – 0.9 mA @ 3.3 V
• Gyroscope – 3.5 mA @ 5 V
• XY-axis accelerometer – 15 mA @ 6 V
• Z axis accelerometer – 2.5 mA @ 6 V
• Spectrometer – 0.6 A @ 5 V
Sources• Voltage regulators will be
used to maintain the proper amount of power for each sensor
• Series of 9 V batteries will power system
Components
Magnetometer• Power: 2.5 to 3.3 V• Field Range: +/- 4 Gauss• Current: 0.9 mA• Bandwidth: 10 kHz• Weight: 50 mg• I2C interface
Gyroscope• Power: 5 V• Range: +/- 20,000 °/sec• Current: 3.5 mA• Bandwidth: 2 kHz• Weight: 0.5 g
Components
XY-axis Accelerometer• Power: 3.0 to 3.6 V• Range: +/- 37 g• Current: 15 mA• Bandwidth: 400 kHz• Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI)
Z-axis Accelerometer• Power: 3.3 to 5 V• Range: +/- 70 g• Current: 2.5 mA• Bandwidth: 22 kHz
Flash Memory: 512KRAM Memory: 128KOperating Voltage: 3.3VOperating Frequency: 80 MHzTypical Operating Current: 90 mAI/O Pins: 83Analog Inputs: 16Analog Input Voltage Range: 0V to 3.3VDC Current Per Pin: +/- 18 mAUSB 2.0 Full Speed OTG controllerI2C and SPI interfaces
Components
Microprocessor
Filter SystemDesign• Connects to two ports: Static and
Dynamico Dynamic port draws in sampleso Air flow exits through the static
port• Contains four filters in series
o Filters are decreasing in size from 5 to 0.2 μm
• Filter system terminates with NPT connector at each end
Testing• All parts must be autoclave-able• Two filter systems will be
constructedo One will be included one
rocketo Other kept on groundo Results compared
Mass Flow Rate• The mass flow rate is
expected to be about 5.3×10-
6 kg/s
• Particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 5 µm
Exposure Time• System will open at 30 km
and close at 30 km
• Based on previous data we estimate the filter system will be open for 5 min
Filter System
Rough sketch of mechanical valve system
Proposed placement of filter system on plate
Optical SystemSpectrometer Trade Study
Name Range Interface Size Power Weight Company Price
BLUE-Wave
200 - 1150 nm
USB-2 1x3x5 inch
100 mA via USB port
0.87 lbStellarNet
Inc$2500
BLACK-Comet
190 – 900 nm
USB-22.7x4x6
inch100 mA @ 5
VDC~1.0 lb
StellarNet Inc
$2750
Red Tider
200 – 850 nm
USB-21.3x2.5x1.4 inch
90 mA @ 5 VDC
0.41 lbOcean Optics
$1154
Design Compliance
• Predicted final mass is 10+0.2 lbso Total weight of sensors is less than 3 lbso Projected filtration system weight is less than 2 lbso More weight needed
• Payload Activationo G-switch
• Center of Masso Preliminary Solid Works projection shows this constraint
can be met
TestingMechanical• Air Foil
• Test to see if filtration system can withstand drag force
• Low pressure• Contacted Physics Department
at Temple and Drexel• Test to see if filtration system
functions at low pressures• Spectrometer
• Ability to measure spectrum while in motion
Biological• Autoclave
• Test to see if filtration system can be properly sterilized
• Test to see if filtration tube can be completely sealed
Electrical• Sensors
• Test accuracy• Functioning Properly
• Data• Test processor is
properly handling incoming data
• SD Card / Reader properly storing
Biological Analysis• DAPI
o DAPI (6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a stain used in fluorescence microscopy. DAPI passes through cell membranes therefore it can be used to stain both live and fixed cells.
• BRDUo Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, BrdU) is a synthetic
nucleoside that is used for detecting actively dividing cells.
• Genetic Sequencingo Determines the number of nucleotides in sample’s DNA: adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• Scanning Electron Microscopeo Scans the sample and re-generates image to be analyzed, i.e.
structural analysis of microbes
Shared Can Logistics• Sharing canister with Drexel University
• Communication has been opened up between the teamso Both teams expect to use half the canister space and
weight
• Drexel’s proposed experiments will not effect ours
• Close proximity will allow us to integrate entire canister prior to flight
• Resources from both Universities will be used for testing
Management
Schedule
November December
Goals: Finalize Software Construct canister plates
Construct Filtration System Construct Payload
Sterilization Tests
Air Flow Tests
Sensor Tests
Spectrometer Test
Important Dates:
November 30: Critical Design review due
December 1: CDR Teleconference
Team MembersFred Avery (ME)• Filtration System• Center of gravity testing• Mass Flow Rates
Ny ‘Jaa Bobo (EE)• Hardware
• Magnetometer• IMU
• Power
Gene Council (EE)• Hardware
• Magnetometer• IMU
• Chip programming
Salvatore Giorgi (ECE)• Team Leader• Spectrometer• Microprocessor
• Data Acquisition• Filtration System
Advisors
ElectricalDr. John Helferty
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
MechanicalDr. Shriram Pillapakkam
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BiologicalDr. Erik CordesDepartment of Biology
Parts List / BudgetParts Manufacture Cost Quantity
Payload Canister - $7,000 1
Microprocessor Microchip $49.50 1
Magnetometer Honeywell $19.95 1
G-Switch Digikey $12.95 1
SD card 2 GB SanDisk $27.99 1
SD reader Microchip $37.99 1
Filter Paper Millipore Supplied by Bio Department 4 types
Filter canister Millipore $388.00 1 pack = 8 canisters
Gyroscope Analog Devices $90.00 1
Parts List / BudgetParts Manufacture Cost Quantity
XY-axis accelerometer Analog Devices $99.00 1
Z-axis accelerometer Analog Devices $75.90 1
Spectrometer $2500 1
Fiber Optics Cable $100 - $200 1
Conclusion• Concerns
o Opening and closing filtration systemo Properly sterilizing and maintaining sterilization of the filtration systemo Properly analyzing spectrum during flighto Possible addition of second microprocessor
• Recently Finishedo Ordered microprocessor, accelerometers, gyroscope, magnetometer, and filter
canistero Wrote libraries for SPI and I2C interfaces
• Future Planso Finalize Spectrometer / Optical port designo Purchase Spectrometero Machine plateso Continue programming processoro Build and test filtration system