biology 218 – human anatomy - riddell 105/cvs... · web viewage height weight bmi male 19 71 180...

Biology 105 – Human Biology

Laboratory Report

Session 2017:Sections:

Class Location:Days / Time:

Instructor:

Spring70650 4 Units2210 / 2030.T Th 8:00 AM – 9:15 AM LECT 9:30 AM – 12:20 PM LABRIDDELL

Spring70651 4 Units2210 / 2030.T Th 8:00 AM – 9:15 AM LECTh 9:30 AM – 12:20 PM LABRIDDELL

Student Author Name: Avery Flock Team Members Name(s): Hailey JamesonLindsay PorterKyle WilliamsEric Simington

Student Author ID #: 0340630 Team Members ID #’(s):0351866032411903469100210969

Lab Assignment #: 6 120/125 Team Name: Fantastic 5

Lab Assignment Title: Cardiovascular Stress Lab Date: 2023-05-06

Background We know that the cardiovascular system must work harder during exercise to get blood, and

therefore oxygen, to the muscles being exercised. This investigation will allow us to measure how much blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory

rate will change with exercise, giving us a real life visual. We will be able to compare these rates and determine if certain factors affect them.

Purpose / Objective(s): To compare and contrast aspects of the cardiovascular system during different stresses. To see results before, immediately after, and in three minute intervals after—until ten minutes

post stress.

Hypothesis (ese): The rates that we are measuring will increase when the cardiovascular system is stressed and then

return to normal rates when it is allowed adequate rest. We also believe that other factors will play a role, such as weight.

We believe our observation to be true because when the cardiovascular system is stressed, it must work harder—resulting in higher rates.

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Subject(s) / Specimen(s): We are measuring the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate of the 5 people in our group

(2 males and 3 females), while the other groups in the lab do the same. We will then collect data from the other groups in the lab in order to have a larger sample size and

therefore increase the accuracy of our results. Brief identification of all subjects can be found below:

Sex Age Height Weight BMI

Male 19 71 180 27

Male 34 73 255 33

Male 19 74 185 23

Male 19 68 175 27Male 19 71 180 27Female 20 68 150 22

Female 19 67 135 22Female 21 70 210 30

Female 19 64 123 21

Female 19 65 140 23

Female 19 61 150 28

Female 20 68 150 22

Female 19 67 135 22

Female 21 70 210 30

Materials:Sanitizer and paper towel to wipe down stethoscope/work space

Methods / Tools / Instrumentation / Procedures: Blood pressure cuff with stethoscope—various sizes for various subjects; see image 1 Excel calculator for CV stress provided by Mr. Riddell, see image 2 BMI calculator, see image 3 We began our experiment by measuring the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure of

each subject in sitting and standing positions. To measure the heart rate, we used the carotid artery and counted the number of beats

in 30 seconds then multiplied it by 2. To measure the respiratory rate, we counted the number of breaths in 20 seconds when

each subject was not paying attention, then multiplied it by 3. We did it when they were not paying attention in order to obtain as accurate a rate as possible.

To measure blood pressure, the subject wore the cuff while one person pumped it and watched and another listed for the heartbeat.

Next, we had each member of our group run 2 laps to stress his/her cardiovascular system. As soon as each member returned, the others measured heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood

pressure. We continued measuring these three things in 3-minute intervals until 10 minutes post-stress. To view the results:

see means in table 1 see detailed values for each subject in image 2

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Results / Data: Graph #1, heart rate vs respiratory rate, shows us that there is a direct correlation between heart

rate and respiratory rate. As respiratory rate increases, heart rate increases (and vice versa). Graph #2, BMI vs heart rate, shows a relationship between the two. The higher the BMI, the higher

the heart rate at elevated stress. Graph #3, BMI vs systolic blood pressure, also shows a correlation. The higher the BMI, the higher

the systolic blood pressure at peak stress. However, the increase of males is much less dramatic than the increase in females.

Graph #4, heart rate over time, demonstrates the consistency shown throughout stages of measurement. For all students, the heart rate did not vary dramatically from sitting to standing, but once the cardiovascular system was stressed, the rate rapidly increased. The rates then slowly returned to the resting rate. The only notable difference is that females mean rate after 10 minutes recovery is slightly lower than original resting rate, while males is approximately the same.

Graph #5, blood pressure over time, shows us that male blood pressure is higher overall than female blood pressure. Additionally, blood pressure is the highest immediately after being stressed and decreased over time post-stress. The only exception is female diastolic pressure, which is actually lower at stress, then rises at the 3 and 6 minute recovery.

Graph #6, respiratory rate over time, demonstrates that respiratory rate radically increases with stress, then decreases. The males rate slowly decreased every 3 minutes until returning to a normal rate at 10 minutes post-stress, which is how we would expect it to be. However, females rate decreased almost to normal after 3 minutes, stayed constant for a few more minutes, then actually increased 10 minutes post-stress.

Analysis / Discussion: The data of each team member reflects their exerted energy. There was a direct correlation between energy exerted and heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood

pressure. Graph #1 shows us the correlation between heart rate and respiratory rate. With this, we can

conclude that different aspects of our body are working harder together in response to stress. Specifically, in this graph, our cardiovascular system and respiratory system.

When our cardiovascular system is stressed--in this case by running--our body must work harder by pumping blood and breathing faster in order to get increased oxygen to the muscles of our body that are being stressed.

Another factor that we chose to incorporate in our comparisons, in order to see if it played a role, was BMI.

We found a direct correlation between a higher BMI and a higher heart rate and blood pressure. Though we cannot determine if BMI is cause for higher heart rate/blood pressure during exercise, we know that there is a relationship between them and that it, therefore, plays a factor.

Through these, we can also determine that, since BMI is correlated to heart rate and blood pressure, heart rate and blood pressure must also be correlated. As heart rate increases, blood pressure also increases.

Graphs 4, 5, and 6 show that all three of the things that we measured—heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure—increase at peak and then slowly decrease back to a resting rate post-stress. This can show a relationship between the three, since their behavior followed the same patterns. We assume that this is a result of different systems of the body working together to handle and recover from stress.

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The discrepancy in graph #5 in female diastolic blood pressure can likely be attributed to inaccurate reads or physiology—unfortunately we do not have any way of knowing which without further investigation.

In graph #6, the rise in female respiratory rate at 10 minutes post-stress could be because of a recording error, or it could be a result of increased activity of females post-stress, rather than relaxing and recovering like males did.

Our hypothesis that rates will increase with stress was validated by these results.

Conclusions / Further Considerations: The information that we discovered with this lab can help us understand the impact that exercise

has on our body. We brought knowledge of the anatomical systems into this lab with us and this lab allowed us to

see what impact exercise had on them. Namely, we focused on the cardiovascular system. However, this is not the only system that we saw in action during this lab. We were able to see how closely intertwined all of the systems are and how they must work together during stressful events, in this instance exercise.

We saw the respiratory system working harder as respiratory rates increased in order for your heart to receive oxygen faster.

The cardiovascular system pumped blood harder and faster in order to get more oxygen to the muscles that were being exercised.

Additionally, though it was not necessarily a part of our lab, the integumentary system was obviously working harder. We saw this through sweating—as subjects exercised, they began sweating, which is your integumentary system’s way of controlling the body’s temperature.

If we were to research further on the impact of exercise on the body, it would be interesting to somehow access the impact on other systems of the body, such as your nervous system—since it is a well known fact that exercise releases endorphins and therefore can make you happier, etc.

Additionally, if we researched further we would be able to determine the cause of the discrepancies revealed in graph 5 and 6. (Lower diastolic pressure in females during stress and increasing resp rate in females after 3 minutes recovery)

Interesting path for other experiments

ATTACHMENTS

Images Image #1: Manual blood pressure

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Image # 2: Excel Calculator for CV Stress (provided by Mr. Riddell)

Image #3: BMI Calculator of 13 document.docx


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Tables

Table #1

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Graphs

Graph #1 Heart Rate vs Respiratory Rate

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Graph #2 BMI vs Elevated Heart Rate

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Graph #3 BMI vs Systolic Blood Pressure

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Graph #4 Mean Heart Rate Over Time

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Graph #5 Blood Pressure Over Time of 13 document.docx


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Graph #6 Respiratory Rate Over Time

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biology 218 – human anatomy - riddell 105/cvs... · web viewage height weight bmi male 19 71 180...

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