Biology – The Chemical Basis of Life

Objective – Distinguish between the

structure and function of the four organic compounds

Organic Chemistry

Organic– Any compound that contains carbon– ALL energy we use are in these

bonds!

Inorganic– Does not contain carbon– EXCEPTION = carbon dioxide (CO2) is

INorganic

Important Properties of Carbon 4 outer-shell electrons

– Has 4 bonding sites, can bond 4 times

– Forms large, complex, diverse molecules

Strong High Energy Bonds – Bonds to itself to form…

Chains Rings Double, triple bonds

Pure Carbon??

DiamondCoal/Graphite

Carbon’s Bonds

Methane

Acetylene

Butadiene Benzene Isooctane

Compounds formed by…? Dehydration Synthesis

– “De-” to remove– “hydro” water– “synth” with/join– “isis” process

–Process of putting something together by removing water

Broken down by…

Hydrolysis– “hydro” water– “lysis” to burst/break

–The process of breaking a molecule apart by adding water

Sizes of Compounds

Monomer – “Building Block”– “mono” one– “mer” unit

Polymer – Many repeating Units– “poly” many

Macromolecule– “macro” large – “Large Molecule”

Polymerization– The process of putting together

polymers