biomass gasification overview - ilkka hannula
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.TRANSCRIPT
Biomass gasifica+on overview
Conference of the European Biogas Associa+on 2014 Ilkka Hannula, Esa Kurkela VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1985 2025 2030
LAHTI II, 160 MW WASTE-TO-ENERGY
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS WITH MATERIAL RECOVERY o HIGH ELECTRIC EFFICIENCY o RECOVERY OF VALUABLE METALS
LIME-KILN GASIFIERS
REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL FUELS IN BOILERS AND KILNS o WOOD, AGROBIOMASS o 10-200 MW FUEL
BIOMASS/WASTE GASIFIERS FOR POWER
CBF/BFB GASIFICATION R&D AND PILOTING
R&D on o HOT GAS FILTRATION o WASTE AND STRAW
GASIFICATION
R&D NEEDS 2013 - 17 o FILTER ASH UTILISATION o RECOVERY OF METALS
o IMPROVED GAS CLEANING
JOUTSENO LIME KILN 2012
Biomass and waste gasifica+on for boilers and kilns
LAHTI 60 MW
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Production of Synthesis Gas from Solid Fuels Initial step - two main approaches
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Biomass gasifica+on for fuels and chemicals
PEAT AMMONIA PLANT OULU, FINLAND
SYNGAS R&D FOR BIOFUELS o GASIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT o CATALYTIC REFROMING o FINAL GAS CLEANING o TESTING OF SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS
GASIFICATION R&D AND PILOTING USA, GERMANY, SWEDEN, FINLAND
2010 2015 2020 1985 2005 2030 2000 1995 2025
BIO-DME PLANT PITEÅ, SWEDEN
GTI PILOT, USA
NSE BIOFUELS, FINLAND
BIO-FUELS AND CHEMICALS o DIESEL, MeOH, DME,
SNG, H2, GASOLINE o OLEFINS, OTHER CHEMICALS o FOREST & AGRO-INDUSTRY
INTEGRATION o INTEGRATION TO HEAT
AND POWER o INTEGRATION TO SOLAR &
WIND ENERGY o NEW WASTE-TO-FUEL
CONCEPTS
SKIVE CHP, DENMARK
CEGABTL 2015 - 2017 o IMPROVED LARGE-SCALE GASIFICATION PROCESS
o NEW PROCESSES FOR SMALLER SCALE o SIMPLER, CHEAPER GAS CLEANING o NEW CONCEPTS FOR INTEGRATED
PRODUCTION OF FUELS, POWER AND HEAT
Updated Techno-‐Economic Assessment • Detailed evalua4on of 20
individual plant configura4ons
• MeOH, DME, FTL & MTG
• Plant configura4ons technically proven at pre-‐commercial scale
• Impact of further R&D to the overall economics es4mated
• Large scale: 300 MWth of biomass (~1500 mtpd, dry)
• Nth plant economics
• Available for download: hXp://bit.ly/192Vl3G
*Liquid transporta4on fuels via large-‐scale fluidised-‐bed gasifica4on of lignocellulosic biomass, Hannula, Ilkka; & Kurkela, Esa 2013. VTT, Espoo. 114 p. + app. 3 p. VTT Technology: 91
• Mature technology • No investment support • No CO2 credits • No tax assumptions
Gasoline @150$/bbl
Gasoline @100$/bbl
Before tax Ref.margin: 13.4$/bbl 1€ = 1.33$ (2010)
Levelised produc+on cost es+mates* 300 MW biomass @ 17 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factor Electricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
DUAL-‐BED STEAM GASIFIER Features -‐ No oxygen needed -‐ Large steam consump4on -‐ Challenging to pressurise -‐ Reactor size limited to
100MWth?
Biomass
Steam Air
Fluegas
~80 % of carbon to product gas and tars
Source: Göteborg Energi
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Fully indirect produc+on route (no oxygen needed)
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Levelised produc+on cost es+mates 100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factor Electricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirect produc+on route (no oxygen needed)
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Levelised produc+on cost es+mates 100 MW biomass @ 18 €/MWh, 0.12 ann. factor Electricity 50 €/MWh, DH 30 €/MWh@5500 h/a
Fully indirect produc+on route (no oxygen needed)
External costs not included -‐ pressurisa4on -‐ distribu4on -‐ vehicle related costs
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Take home messages
§ Successful biomass gasifica4on plants built con4nuously since late 1970 § Suitable technology depends on feedstock, scale and applica4on § More demanding applica4ons require cleaner gas –> increase in CAPEX § Large CAPEX calls for large scale and high on-‐stream factors § Waste gasifica4on brings down feedstock costs but puts addi4onal requirements for technology
§ No clear answer to “what fuel to produce”. Solu4on is systemic. § Technology for synthe4c biofuels produc4on technically demonstrated at precommercial scale –> near-‐term deployment possible
TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS