biomass harvesting and transportation bob rummer us forest service forest operations research...
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Biomass Biomass Harvesting and Harvesting and TransportationTransportationBob RummerBob Rummer
US Forest ServiceUS Forest ServiceForest Operations ResearchForest Operations ResearchAuburn, AlabamaAuburn, Alabama
A Billion-Ton FeedstockA Billion-Ton Feedstock
Forests currently Forests currently about 70%about 70%
2.5 x increase to 2.5 x increase to 368M bdt368M bdt
Future Woody FeedstocksFuture Woody Feedstocks
144M tons forest industry residues144M tons forest industry residues 64M tons logging residues64M tons logging residues 60M tons thinning/fuel treatments60M tons thinning/fuel treatments 52M tons fuelwood harvest52M tons fuelwood harvest 47M tons urban woodwaste47M tons urban woodwaste
Biomass ChallengesBiomass Challenges
Small diameter harvesting costsSmall diameter harvesting costs Low SVF increases handling/transportLow SVF increases handling/transport Low product values to pay the freightLow product values to pay the freight Ecological/environmental issuesEcological/environmental issues No silver bulletNo silver bullet
2 acres of biomass2 acres of biomass
Biomass—31 FlavorsBiomass—31 Flavors
Removal costRemoval cost
“The cheapest way to get the 4” stick is when it is on top of an 8” stick.” Steve Aulerich
Bentley and Johnson, 2003
13% softwood volume24% hardwood volume
Biomass UtilizationBiomass Utilization
#1. Integrated recovery#1. Integrated recovery
ChippingChipping
Integrated recoveryIntegrated recovery
Biomass only has to cover the cost of Biomass only has to cover the cost of comminution and transportcomminution and transport
May even receive value of avoided May even receive value of avoided disposal costsdisposal costs
May include energywood harvestMay include energywood harvest Integration with existing systems is keyIntegration with existing systems is key
Biomass BundlingBiomass Bundling
#2. Thinnings#2. Thinnings
ThinningsThinnings
Lowest cost extraction (?)Lowest cost extraction (?) Small merchantable mat’l can be Small merchantable mat’l can be
processed effectively with known systemsprocessed effectively with known systems Limits on tract size, total volumeLimits on tract size, total volume Biomass value has to cover cost from Biomass value has to cover cost from
stump to userstump to user Ground-based impactsGround-based impacts
#3. Brush harvest#3. Brush harvest
Biomass recovery can be credited with Biomass recovery can be credited with the value of stand cleaningthe value of stand cleaning
Small diameter/low volume reduces Small diameter/low volume reduces productivityproductivity
Special equipmentSpecial equipment
Biomass harvestingBiomass harvesting
Chip RecoveryChip Recovery
Brush harvestingBrush harvesting
Photo: Texas A&M Univ
You can’t go far …You can’t go far …
0
1
23
4
5
6
78
9
10
10 15 20 30 40 50 60
1-way miles1-way miles
$/gt$/gt.10/ton-mile.10/ton-mile
.15/ton-mile.15/ton-mile
PayloadPayload
Slash transportSlash transport
ConclusionsConclusions
#1: Lowest cost to user—residues#1: Lowest cost to user—residues #2: Thinnings#2: Thinnings #3: Niche systems for brush, smallwood, #3: Niche systems for brush, smallwood,
SRWCSRWC Biomass for energy will not pay for stump Biomass for energy will not pay for stump
to mill without subsidyto mill without subsidy Wide variety of optionsWide variety of options
www.srs.fs.usda.gowww.srs.fs.usda.gov/forestopsv/forestops