biomechanical model in fascial manipulation©

6/25/2013

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BIOMECHANICAL MODEL in

FASCIAL MANIPULATION©

MYOFASCIAL UNIT

CENTRES OF COORDINATION

CENTRES OF PERCEPTION

CENTRES OF FUSION

MYOFASCIAL DIAGONALS AND SPIRALS

www.fascialmanipulation.com

THE MYOFASCIAL (MF) UNIT

a MF unit is composed of :1. A group of motor units, in one or

more muscles (monoarticular

and biarticular), that move a

body segment in a specific

direction

2. the joint that is moved

3. nerve (efferents, receptors,

afferents) and vascular

components

4. the fascia that connects these

elements together

Fascial Manipulation © - Luigi Stecco

Mono fibres : vastus med, lateralis,

intermedius. Bi fibres: Rectus femoralis

THE MYOFASCIAL UNIT

Elbow flexion:

brachialis - monoarticular fibres

biceps brachii - biarticular fibres

- anterior brachial fascia

- elbow joint

- nerve and vascular components

This pattern repeats itself in all mf units


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From the inside of fascia come off some

septa that form the lodges

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Lodges and formation

of CCs

� Fascia lodges form the myofascial units that permit the mouvement of the distal articulation in the three planes of the space

� From the muscle spindle to endomysium, perimysium until epimysium where is present the CC

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How CCs have a specific

location?

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CC an-ge

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Formation of the CP

� Centre of perception� Point of convergence of the tension of the ipsodirectional motor units;

� Vectorial centre of the traction of capsules, tendons, ligaments;

� Region of proprioception of the joint movement in one direction.

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CP an-ge

CENTRE OF PERCEPTION

Each mf unit has a Centre of Perception

(CP) where movement occurring at the

joint is perceived

– A vectorial centre,

– Resultant of traction of the capsule, tendons,

and ligaments

A CP can become painful

• If the unidirectional forces of the mf unit are

not synchronized

• Mechanoreceptors in the capsule, ligaments

and tendons are subjected to non-physiological

or excess traction.

Painful afferents result

Anterior knee joint


INTERACTION of AGONIST – ANTAGONIST

• Any alteration in the fascia of agonist mf unit can effect the antagonist mf unit

• Some muscle fibres of the

agonist mf unit connect to

the fascia of the antagonist

mf unit via the

intermuscular septa.

lateral

head TricepsBrachialis

Fascial connections with capsules of mechanoreceptors, muscle

spindles and GTO are also important for spatial, afferent information

to Central Nervous System.


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Myofascial unit

angonist-antagonist

� Every segments is stabilize in the space thanks three couples of forces (m. angonist antagonist)

� Hypertonicity of the agonist myofascial unit creates a hypertonicity of the antagonist MFu

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MYOFASCIAL SEQUENCES of MF UNITS

• 3D movement and stabilisation of each segment is guaranteed by synergy and synchrony between proximal and distal, antagonist and agonist mf units

• MF units that coordinate movement in the same direction are linked by myofascial insertions and biarticular muscle fibres to form myofascial sequences


antemotion

retromotion

re

an

mediomotion

lateromotion

la

me

extrarotation

intrarotation

er

ir

MYOFASCIAL SEQUENCESFascial Manipulation © - Luigi Stecco

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anan

anan

MF SEQUENCES TERMINATE IN THE EXTREMITIES


sequences

� The mf sequence perceive better the movement in comparison the capsules because are farer from the center

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Sequences and

movements

� The result of both the latero motion is zero

� If the vector of antemotion is the same of retro motion we have balance.

� The result of intramotion with the same side extra motion is zero.

ER

IR

RE

LA

AN

15

ER

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Fascial lodges

and motions

� The retro motion stretches the two lodges of the erector spinae

� The latero motion stetches the myofascial sequence of one side

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Sequences of limbs

and trunk

� The sequence of the limbs are costitute by only one fascial lodge

� The trunk sequence are costitute by two parallel fascila lodges� bilateral: ante, retro

� unilateral: latero

� opposite: intra, extra

an

re

laer

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RE

AN

ME

AN

RE

ME

LA LA

ERER

IR IR

Fascial lodges and

motor directions

� The ante motion sequence of the superior limb links all the anterior mf units with:� The fascial lodge

� The muscle insertion into the fascia

� The capsules of the muscle spindle.

� The same happen for the others sequences

LA

RE

LAME

ER

IR

AN

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Posture and mf

sequence

� The mf unit of ante and retro control the balance in the sagital plane.

RE-CL AN-CL

AN-CA

RE-CA

RE-GE AN-GE

PIANO SAGITTALE

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Posture and mf

sequence

� The intra and extra mf unit control the balance in the horizontal plane.� These units are important for the dynamic actions and are correlate with the spirals

ER-GE

IR-GE

ER-CA

IR-CA

ER-CL

IR-CL

PIANOORIZZONTALE

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Two

Agonists

Posture and mf

sequences

� The mf unites of latero and medio control the stability in the frontal plane. �An alteration of the poise of the food create a new balance in the superior mf units

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Hypothesis: MYOTENDINOUS EXPANSIONS that unite MF UNITS in MF

SEQUENCES could contribute to maintenance of basal tension?

Force transmission

and proprioceptive

information for motor

control between

segments.

Hypothesis: This

would require a

basal tension of the

fascia.


Sequence and

posture

� The mf sequences helps the SNC to adapt the posture

anre

pianofrontale

pianosagittale

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Compensation along the same sequence

� If the la-cx mf unit become densified (alteration of the viscosity of the loose connective tissue) it create a hypertone along the prossimal and distal part of the same mf sequence.

�Could this hypothesis explains the lateral sciatic pain?

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Compensation in one plane (with

symptoms and signs)

� Omolateral compensations� Example: A coxalgia could be associated with a omolateral LBP or periarthritis (lateral seq.).

� Controlateral compensation� Example: a lateral neck pain could be corralate with a controlateral LBP (extrarotation seq. )

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CENTRES OF FUSION (CF)

• Small areas of fascia where vectors of several mf units converge

• Cf are located in the

retinacula, near joints,

and, in the trunk, along

lines of union of some

fascial sheaths.

• Multidirectional vectors of proximal and distal segments can converge in cf.

Anterior Shoulder

AN HU

LA HU

AN LA HU


an-la-sc

an-la-hu

an-la-cu

an-la-ca

an-la-di

an-la-cp

an-la-cl

an-la-th

an-la-lu

an-la-pv

an-la-cx

an-la-ge

an-la-ta

an-la-pe

an-me-sc

an-me-hu

an-me-cu

an-me-ca

an-me-po

an-me-cl

an-me-th

an-me-lu

an-me-pv

an-me-cx

an-me-ge

an-me-ta

an-me-pe

4 diagonals connect centres of fusion

MYOFASCIAL DIAGONALS

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an-la-cp

re-me-cl

re-me-sc

re-me-hu

an-la-cu

re-me-ca

an-la-di

re-me-th

re-me-lu

re-me-pv

re -me-cx

an-la-ge

re-me-ta

an-la-pe

an-me-cp

re-la-cl

re-la-sc

re-la-hu

an-me-cu

re-la-ca

an-me-di

re-la-th

re-la-lu

re-la-pv

re -la-cx

an-me-ge

re-la-ta

an-me-pe

re-la-cp

an-me-cl

an-me-sc

an-me-hu

re-la-cu

an-me-ca

re-la-di

an-me-th

an-me-lu

an-me-pv

an-me-cx

re-la-ge

an-me-ta

re-la-pe

re-me-cp

an-la-cl

an-la-sc

an-la-hu

re-me-cu

an-la-ca

re-me-di

an-la-th

an-la-lu

an-la-pv

an-la-cx

re-me-ge

an-la-ta

re-me-pe

Ante-medio

Ante-latero Retro-medio

Retro-latero

MYOFASCIAL SPIRALS

Centre of Coordination

= point on deep fascia

where unidirectional

muscular forces

converge

Mf unit =

monoarticular and

biarticular

unidirectional muscle

fibres, their deep

fascia and the joint

they move in one

direction on one

plane.

FASCIAL MANIPULATION - BIOMECHANICAL MODELSimplification of a complexity

an-ge

CP

Me-ge

An-me-ge

CP = Centre of perception , where pain is felt

Centre of fusion =

points where vectors

from 2 adjacent mf units

converge.

Cf can combine along

myofascial diagonals or

spirals.

14 body segments.

Each segment served

by six myofascial units

(mf units).

Ir-ge

We will speak about the muscle region only for semplicity

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Thank you Thank you

Palazzo della Ragione, Padova

biomechanical model in fascial manipulation©

Health & Medicine