biomedical research workforce

1

Biomedical Research Workforce

Background Information September 7, 2007

2

Background Information

• Contents– NRSA Research Training Programs– NIH Career Development Programs– New NIH Extramural Principal Investigators– NIH Clinician Scientists and Human Subjects

Research– Medical School Faculty

3

NRSA Research Training Programs

Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Stipend History

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Fiscal Year

Poverty Level for Family of 4

Pre-doc Stipend Level

Post-doc Stipend Levels

4

Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on Kirschstein-NRSA Training Grants and Fellowships, Fiscal Years 1997-2006

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Pre-Doctoral Post-Doctoral

.

NRSA Research Training Programs

5

Distribution of Number of NIH K Awards by Activity, Fiscal Years 1997-2006

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

K25

K22

K12

K07

K24

K02

K23

K01

K08

Activities sorted by number of awards in FY 2000. Competing applications for K04, K11, K14, K15, K16, K17, K20 and K21 were discontinued in FY 1995.

NIH Career Development Programs

6


Number of NIH Entry Level Career Development Awards (FY 1997 - 2006)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Fiscal Year

K08 K01 K23

7

K08 Awardees’ Eventual Application for, and Funding of NIH Major Research Grants*, FY 1980 - 2006

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

First Year of K08 Award

Pe

rce

nt

of

Init

ial C

oh

ort

wit

h O

utc

om

e

Awarded K08; Applied,Received Later Award

Awarded K08; Applied, No Later Award

Awarded K08; NothingMore

*Includes activity codes starting with R, P, M, K, S, U (except UC6), G12, D42, DP1, and DP2. All Type 9’s are excluded.

Prepared by DIS Reporting


8

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

First Year of K23 Award

Pe

rce

nt

of

Init

ial C

oh

ort

wit

h O

utc

om

e

Got K23; Applied, Got Later Award

Got K23; Applied, No Later Award

Got K23; Nothing More

K23 Awardees’ Eventual Application for, and Funding of NIH Major Research Grants*, FY 1999 - 2007

PRESENTATION TITLE



9

New Extramural Principal Investigators

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

Fiscal Year

Ave

rag

e A

ge

MD-PhD MD Only PhD Only

Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Awardees FY 1980 - 2005

41.7

42.3

44.2

10


Age of R01 Equivalent Principal InvestigatorsFY 2006

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Age of Principal Investigator

Nu

mb

er o

f P

rin

cip

al In

vest

igat

ors

All Investigators First Time Investigators

Average Age First Time investigators 42.4 All Investigators 50.8

11


Age of R01 Equivalent Investigators, FY 2006

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

Age

Per

cent

of T

otal

All Investigators First Time Investigators

Average Age First Time investigators 42.4 All Investigators 50.8

12

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Fiscal Year

R01 R23 R29 R03 R21 R15 Other R P Awards U Awards

NIRA FIRST Check box

Number of First Time Investigators by listed grant mechanism


13

Total RPG, First time R01 Equivalents, Budget History

10%

13%

3%

7%

9%

7%8% 8%

3%

5%

4%

5%

7%7%

13%12%

13%

12%

13%

2%

0%

15%

5%

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

28,000

Fiscal Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Inv

es

tig

ato

rs

0%

5%

10%

15%

Bu

dg

et

% G

row

th

Budget History Total RPG First time R01 E


14


1,8591,766

1,5721,607

1,809

1,6581,629

1,741

1,590

1,371

1,5391,451

1,246

1,4251,3991,336

1,4531,505

1,5611,5961,5801,574

1,680

1,5281,441

1,354

1,612

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Fiscal Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Aw

ard

ee

s

Number of NIH First Time R01 Equivalent Awardees FY 1980-2006

FIRSTCheck box

15

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Fiscal Year

Nu

mb

er o

f G

ran

ts

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Per

cen

t o

f G

ran

ts t

o N

ew In

ves

tig

ato

rs

First Time InvestigatorsEstablished InvestigatorsPercent First Time

NIRAFIRST

Check box

NUMBER OF FIRST TIME AND ESTABLISHED INVESTIGATORS RECEIVING COMPETING R01-EQUIVALENT AWARDS


16

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

Total MD MD-PhD PhD

Number of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators by DegreeFiscal Years 1980-2006


17

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

First Time Experienced

Success Rates of Competing R01 Equivalent ApplicationsFirst Time and Previously Funded (Experienced) Applicants


18


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Fiscal Year

Su

cces

s R

ate

MD-PhD MD PhD

Success Rate on RPG Applications by Degree of Principal Investigator FY 1980 - 2006

19


Fiscal Year Total MD-PhD MD PhD Other

1980 32.7% 47.4% 37.8% 39.1% 16.9%

1981 30.7% 42.7% 37.6% 35.9% 13.6%

1982 29.2% 37.3% 33.8% 33.5% 11.6%

1983 31.3% 36.5% 34.8% 35.6% 11.3%

1984 32.0% 39.3% 36.8% 34.7% 12.2%

1985 33.1% 39.5% 32.0% 33.3% 24.8%

1986 32.5% 38.3% 31.7% 32.6% 25.3%

1987 35.7% 41.5% 34.8% 36.0% 25.3%

1988 31.9% 35.8% 30.7% 32.3% 26.3%

1989 28.4% 34.0% 28.4% 28.3% 20.9%

1990 24.5% 29.3% 24.6% 24.2% 18.6%

1991 28.6% 32.1% 28.6% 28.7% 20.0%

1992 29.4% 33.2% 30.0% 29.5% 11.9%

1993 23.5% 26.0% 23.6% 23.9% 9.2%

1994 25.4% 28.1% 24.8% 26.2% 9.2%

1995 26.8% 29.7% 25.4% 26.9% 17.8%

1996 27.9% 29.7% 27.2% 28.0% 22.2%

1997 30.5% 32.0% 31.9% 30.0% 24.8%

1998 31.1% 33.2% 32.2% 30.6% 23.3%

1999 32.4% 32.9% 35.4% 31.7% 18.1%

2000 31.5% 32.5% 32.1% 31.3% 23.5%

2001 32.1% 33.7% 33.0% 31.7% 23.1%

2002 31.2% 30.9% 33.7% 30.7% 27.0%

2003 29.9% 29.8% 32.0% 29.6% 17.7%

2004 24.6% 25.0% 26.2% 24.2% 16.7%

2005 22.3% 21.8% 24.4% 21.9% 18.9%

2006 20.0% 18.5% 21.9% 19.9% 14.9%

Report Date: 8/22/2007

Analyst: B. Moore

SUCCESS RATES OF RPG APPLICATIONS BY DEGREE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Fiscal Years 1980 - 2006

20

FY

Applications Awarded

Success rate

Applicants AwardeesFunding

Rate

Applications Awarded

Success rate

Applicants AwardeesFunding

Rate

1980 8,515 1,903 22.3% 7,949 1,859 23.4% 7,404 3,240 43.8% 6,093 2,992 49.1%1981 8,694 1,818 20.9% 8,097 1,766 21.8% 8,739 3,482 39.8% 7,100 3,253 45.8%1982 8,106 1,598 19.7% 7,523 1,572 20.9% 9,937 3,628 36.5% 7,868 3,361 42.7%1983 7,568 1,650 21.8% 6,948 1,607 23.1% 9,776 3,777 38.6% 7,797 3,498 44.9%1984 7,440 1,637 22.0% 6,870 1,612 23.5% 9,934 3,887 39.1% 8,085 3,627 44.9%1985 7,784 1,845 23.7% 7,013 1,809 25.8% 11,138 4,341 39.0% 8,917 4,021 45.1%1986 7,305 1,683 23.0% 6,661 1,658 24.9% 11,302 4,328 38.3% 9,105 4,004 44.0%1987 7,077 1,657 23.4% 6,388 1,629 25.5% 11,151 4,744 42.5% 9,066 4,364 48.1%1988 7,774 1,780 22.9% 7,083 1,741 24.6% 11,565 4,329 37.4% 9,404 3,989 42.4%1989 7,752 1,621 20.9% 7,068 1,590 22.5% 11,629 3,782 32.5% 9,430 3,547 37.6%1990 7,838 1,394 17.8% 7,201 1,371 19.0% 11,997 3,371 28.1% 9,685 3,146 32.5%1991 7,279 1,560 21.4% 6,652 1,539 23.1% 11,902 3,932 33.0% 9,653 3,679 38.1%1992 7,200 1,473 20.5% 6,625 1,451 21.9% 12,602 4,262 33.8% 10,247 3,988 38.9%1993 8,124 1,269 15.6% 7,408 1,246 16.8% 13,465 3,690 27.4% 10,831 3,458 31.9%1994 8,832 1,453 16.5% 7,932 1,425 18.0% 14,337 4,269 29.8% 11,180 3,931 35.2%1995 7,968 1,420 17.8% 7,217 1,399 19.4% 14,712 4,514 30.7% 11,458 4,173 36.4%1996 7,017 1,356 19.3% 6,395 1,336 20.9% 14,043 4,419 31.5% 11,171 4,102 36.7%1997 6,967 1,484 21.3% 6,313 1,453 23.0% 13,654 4,751 34.8% 10,862 4,413 40.6%1998 6,817 1,545 22.7% 6,161 1,505 24.4% 13,666 4,782 35.0% 10,978 4,400 40.1%1999 7,333 1,596 21.8% 6,592 1,561 23.7% 14,802 5,515 37.3% 11,834 5,063 42.8%2000 7,479 1,642 22.0% 6,741 1,596 23.7% 14,750 5,466 37.1% 11,719 4,998 42.6%2001 7,494 1,629 21.7% 6,691 1,580 23.6% 14,545 5,361 36.9% 11,625 4,975 42.8%2002 7,632 1,612 21.1% 6,862 1,574 22.9% 14,640 5,222 35.7% 11,673 4,815 41.2%2003 8,377 1,720 20.5% 7,380 1,680 22.8% 16,325 5,730 35.1% 12,647 5,243 41.5%2004 9,413 1,578 16.8% 8,147 1,528 18.8% 18,241 5,457 29.9% 13,863 4,999 36.1%2005 9,365 1,475 15.8% 8,195 1,441 17.6% 19,175 5,014 26.1% 14,410 4,631 32.1%2006 9,399 1,384 14.7% 8,180 1,354 16.6% 19,822 4,677 23.6% 14,766 4,350 29.5%

Fiscal Years 1980 - 2006

Experienced (Previously Funded) Applicants

R01 Equivalent (R01, R23, R29, R37)

Potential First Time Awardee

SUCCESS AND FUNDING RATES OF FIRST TIME AND PREVIOUSLY FUNDED APPLICANTS


21

Number of NIH Research Grant Awards* Designated as Human Subjects Research, FY 1980 - 2006

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Nu

mb

er

of

Aw

ard

s (

in T

ho

us

an

ds

)

Fiscal Year

Human Subjects Research Non-Human Subjects Research*Includes activity codes starting with R, P, M, K, S, U (except UC6), G12, D42, DP1, and DP2. All Type 9’s are excluded.


Clinician Scientists And Human Subjects Research

22

NIH Research Grant Award* Amounts Designated as Human Subjects Research, FY 1980 - 2006

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

Fiscal Year

Aw

ard

Am

ou

nt

(in

Billio

ns

)

Human Subjects Award Amounts Non-Human Subjects Award Amounts*Includes activity codes starting with R, P, M, K, S, U (except UC6), G12, D42, DP1, and DP2. All Type 9’s are excluded.



23

Number of NIH Research Grant* Awards Designated as Human Subjects Research by Applicant’s Degree, FY 1980 - 2006

MD-PhD

MD

PhD

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Th

ou

sa

nd

s




24

Number of NIH Research Grant* Awards Designated as Non-Human Subjects Research by Applicant’s Degree, FY 1980 - 2006

MD-PhD

MD

PhD

0

5

10

15

20

25

Th

ou

sa

nd

s




25

Number of NIH R01-Equivalent Awards by Applicant’s Degree, FY 1980 - 2006

MD-PhD

MD

PhD

0

5

10

15

20

25

Th

ou

sa

nd

s



26

NIH COMPETING RPG* APPLICATIONS DESIGNATED AS HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH: TRENDS IN NUMBER, AWARDS AND SUCCESS

RATES, FY 1980 - 2006

0

50

100

150

200

250

Fiscal Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Ap

plic

ati

on

s (

in H

un

dre

ds

)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Su

ccess R

ate

Reviewed Awarded Success Rate

* RPG’s include R01, R23, R29, R37, DP1, P01, P42, PN1, R03, R15, R21, R22, R23, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R55, R56, UC1, UC7, U01, and U19 mechanisms



27

NIH COMPETING RPG* APPLICATIONS DESIGNATED AS NON-HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH: TRENDS IN NUMBER, AWARDS AND SUCCESS

RATES, FY 1980 - 2006

0

50

100

150

200

250

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Nu

mb

er

of

Ap

plic

ati

on

s (

in H

un

dre

ds

)

Fiscal Year

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Su

cces

s R

ate

Reviewed Awarded Success Rate

* RPG’s include R01, R23, R29, R37, DP1, P01, P42, PN1, R03, R15, R21, R22, R23, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R55, R56, UC1, UC7, U01, and U19 mechanisms


28

Biomedical Graduate Students and Postdocs

Age at Doctorate and Total Duration of Graduate Training in Biomedical Sciences (NSF/NIH Survey of Doctorate Recipients 1980-2005)

25.0

26.0

27.0

28.0

29.0

30.0

31.0

32.0

33.0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Academic Year

Ag

e

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

Yea

rs

Age at doctorate

Median years since start of graduateschool

29

Medical School Faculty

Total and New Ph.D. Faculty 1970 to 2006 in U.S. Medical SchoolsAssociation of American Medical Colleges

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Year

Nu

mb

er

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Per

cen

t N

ew F

acu

lty

Total Ph.D. Faculty

New Ph.D. Faculty

New as a Percent of Total Ph.D. Faculty

Source: http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm

http://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports.htm


30

Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

Nu

mb

er

MD-PhD in Clinical Dept

PhD in Clinical Dept

MD in Clinical Dept

MD-PhD in Basic Sci Dept

PhD in Basic Sci Dept

MD in Basic Sci Dept





31


Average Age at Time of First Assistant Professorship at US Medical Schools AAMC Faculty Roster Data as of May 31, 2007

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

MD PhD MD/PhD

MD

PhD

MD/PhD




biomedical research workforce

Documents

research centers

research proj

research careers58

s other237

number of awards

activity codes

fiscal years

r d contracts331