Biomolecules

Another name for a Biomolecule is a Macromolecule.

Macromolecules are Large Molecules within the cells.

They are made from thousands of smaller molecules.A.) Polymers- larger compounds

B.) Monomers- smaller compoundsC.)Polymerization- building of large compounds by joining

smaller ones.

(Analogous Ex: cars of a train linked together to make the train as a whole)

Cars= monomersTrain= polymer

Student Notes

Using your knowledge of Root Words, explain how the terms Biomolecule and

Macromolecule are related.

Student notes

Get with a partner next to you, without getting out of your seat.

Come up with an example of monomers and polymers, other than the train!!

4 major biomolecules

• 1.) Carbohydrates (sugars/starches)

• 2.) Proteins ( amino acids)• 3.) Lipids (fats,oils,waxes,steroids)• 4.) Nucleic Acids (DNA,RNA)

Student page

Write down everything that you have eaten today, you can also include what you have had to

drink.

Student Notes p. 5

Without looking at your notes:1. Give an example of a monomer and a

polymer and label each one.2. Name which macromolecule you would

need the most for running a marathon.3. What types of food would you eat before

the marathon?

# 1--Carbohydrates• “Fast Fuel”- sugars & starches• Sugar molecules made of C, H, & O • Made in a 1:2:1 ratio• C6H12O6

• Two types of Sugars:• Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Monosaccharides

• simple sugars:• A.) glucose- “blood sugar” energy for

cellular respiration• B.) galactose- sugar in milk & yogurt• C.) fructose- sugar found in honey• all 3 have same molecular structure

(C6H12O6) but different structural formulas or shapes.

Disaccharides

• Are Monosaccharides covalently bonded together

• 3 Common Disaccharides

• A.) sucrose (table sugar)= glucose +fructose• B.) lactose (sugar in milk) =glucose + galactose• C.) maltose= (product of starch digestion)= glucose

+ glucose

Starches• Polysaccharides = starches• Starches are polymers of glucose• A.) amylose• B.) amylopectin

• Sugars are soluble in water• Starches are insoluble in water

Student Notes

Explain the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide,

and a polysaccharide.

Draw and label the molecular structure of each type of

carbohydrate

Structural formula for Carbohydrates

Student page 9Make a chart of the

3 types of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides(simple sugar)

Disaccharides(simple sugar)

Polysaccharides(starch)

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3.

#2--Proteins

Many structures/Many functions

Proteins are made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Formed from monomers called amino acids.

Role of ProteinsEach protein has a specific role ,such as:*A. regulating cell processes*B. controlling the rate of reactions (movement)*C. forming muscles or bones (structural support) *D. transporting substances into or out of cells*E. fighting disease (against foreign substances)

Student NotesChoose one of the functions of

the proteins.

What would happen if the protein that controlled that function stopped working?

Write your answer in a complete sentence!!

Amino Acid Molecular Structure*compounds with an amino group (-NH2)

on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end with a side chain

called an “R-group”

#3---Lipids

*made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms.

*Generally not soluble in water. (hydrophobic)

*Consist of fats, oils and waxes, also steroids.

Uses of Lipids**Used to store energy.*

**Some are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

**Protection

**Formed when glycerol joins a fatty acid group.

Study the 1st Ten Latin Root Words with your partner at your

table for the next 5 minutes

Student Notes

Who do you think stores more fat in their bodies, Men or Women?

Explain your answer in complete sentences!!

Structure of a Lipid

Types of Lipids

Saturated fats- all carbons have the maximum number of hydrogens attached to

them. Usually are solid at room temperature (lard,

Crisco.)Unsaturated fats- contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond.

Usually are liquid at room temperature (cooking oils.)

#4--Nucleic Acids

*made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus*Formed from monomers called nucleotides.*Nucleotides- made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.*Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.

Nucleotide

Types of Nucleic Acids

RNA-ribonucleic acid, contains the sugar ribose.

DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the sugar deoxyribose.