biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells a.true b.false
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells
A. TrueB. False
![Page 2: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Which of the following is not a biomolecule?A. Carbohydrate moleculesB. Lipid moleculesC. Protein moleculesD. Water molecules[Default][MC Any][MC All]
![Page 3: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biomolecules
• Biomolecules are used for these main purposes:– To store chemical _____________– To build cell structures– To perform cellular activities– To store genetic information
![Page 4: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Carbohydrates• Main elements are :• Found in abundance in _____________
and vegetables• Monomers:
– Called ________________________– Ratio of elements:
• For every carbon atom, add 1 water molecule
• What is the monosaccharide formula if there are 5 carbon atoms? ___________
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6esFOqj_IaY
![Page 5: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Monosaccharides
• The function of monosaccharides is to ______________ for a short term
• Monosaccharides are broken down in cellular ________________ into carbon dioxide and water
• The energy released from the broken bonds is used to form molecules of ______ (the energy currency of the cell)
• Examples of monosaccharides are ___________, fructose, dextrose, and galactose
![Page 6: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Monosaccharides
![Page 7: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Disaccharides
• When two monosaccharides bond together through dehydration ___________________ a ___saccharide is formed
• Di = ___• These molecules are used as short term energy storage as well• Must be __________________ into individual monosaccharides to be used
in cellular respiration• Examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose
![Page 8: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Polysaccharides (complex carbs)
• Polysaccharide = a few hundred to thousand _____________________ joined together
• Two main groups based on function:1. Energy storage (bonds easily broken)
• _____________– how plants store glucose• _____________ – how animals store glucose
2. Structural function (strong bonds)• ________________ – makes up plant cell walls• ______________ – makes up arthropod exoskeletons
![Page 9: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Polysaccharides
![Page 10: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polysaccharides
• What’s different about starch and glycogen compared with cellulose and chitin?
![Page 11: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• When blood sugar level is too high:
– Cells ____________ glucose molecules from blood
– Dehydration synthesis reactions bond glucose molecules together to form ______________
• Stored in liver and muscle cells for later use
• When blood sugar level is too high:
– __________________ break down glycogen into individual glucose molecules
– Cells ___________ glucose molecules into the blood stream
• Maintaining the right amount of blood sugar is an example of what characteristic of life?
![Page 12: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Which of the following is used for long term energy storage?
A. 1st moleculeB. 2nd moleculeC. 3rd moleculeD. 4th molecule
[Default][MC Any][MC All]
12
[MC Types]
![Page 13: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lipids
• Elements: C, H, and O, but with much less ______ than in carbohydrates
• Monomers: ___________ ________ chains– Nonpolar
• Don’t dissolve in water• hydrophobic
• Other molecules:• _________________• _________________ (only in
phospholipids)
![Page 14: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lipid Examples
• __________________ :– 3 chains of fatty acids
bonded to one glycerol– Functions: long-term
energy storage and insulation
– Fat = animal triglycerides• More saturated• Solid at room temp.
– Oils = plant triglycerides• Less saturated• Liquid at room temp
14
Butter vs. Margarine
![Page 15: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lipid examples• __________________:
– Two fatty acid chains bonded to a glycerol, bonded to a phosphate head
– Head is _____________• Attracted to water
– Tails are _____________• Repel water
– Function: forms cell and organelle membranes
• “phospholipid bilayer” forms when put in aqueous solution
15
![Page 16: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phospholipase
16
![Page 17: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lipid examples
• Waxes– One fatty acid chain joined to
a long chain of glycerol molecules
– Waterproof and protective outer coverings such as leaves, skin
• Lipid Steroids– Regulation molecules– Ex) cholesterol and steroid
hormones such as testosterone and estrogen
17
![Page 18: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Protein
18
![Page 19: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Proteins• Monomers = _______________• There are ______ different amino acids (AAs)
– All have this general structure, with the ______group representing the molecule that makes each AA unique
AAs have:
• C,H,O, and ____
• An ______ group
• A carboxylic ______ group
• A unique ____ group
![Page 20: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Proteins
• Polymers = __________________ chains– AA + AA + AA + etc.. = polypeptide– ____________ - the bond formed
between two amino acids as a result of dehydration synthesis
– A polypeptide is folded into a protein
• Sequence of AA determines the _______________ of the protein (folded polypeptide)
• The shape of the protein determines its ___________________ in the cell
– Every protein has a different job or function in your cells
![Page 21: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Protein Functions• _________________
– muscles contract to move materials through out your body and contract to allow you to move
• Examples) actin and myosin are proteins involved in muscle contraction
• _____________________– Found in skin, eyes, hair, cartilage, cell organelles
• Example) melanin is a protein that determines skin and hair color
• _________________________– Transports materials across a cell and between different cells
• ex) _______________ is a protein that transports oxygen throughout body
• Help fight _______________– Antibodies are proteins that attach to invading bacteria and viruses
• Regulate the rate of chemical reactions– ______________ are proteins that increase the rate of chemical
reactions
![Page 23: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nucleic Acids!
![Page 24: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nucleic Acids• Monomers =
_______________• Elements: C,H,O,__,
and ____• Nucleotides are
composed of1. A ________ molecule2. A ____________ molecule3. A ____________ base
molecule
![Page 25: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids are polymers made of repeating nucleotides
• The two types of nucleic acids are– ________(deoxyribonucleic acid)
• Stores genetic info
– ________(ribonucleic acid)• Converts genetic information into proteins
• The function of nucleic acids are to store and transmit genetic information
![Page 26: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
DNA RNA
![Page 27: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nucleic Acids
• There are 4 different types of bases that can make up each nucleotide– DNA nucleotide bases = _______________– RNA nucleotide bases= ________________
• The ____________ of the nitrogen bases in the nucleotides makes individual genetically unique
![Page 28: Biomolecules are organic molecules built and used inside of cells A.True B.False](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032707/56649e455503460f94b395c1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sequence