bioreactor landfills: theory and practice
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bioreactor Landfills:Theory and Practice
A Training Course Presented at the MPCA Air, Water and Waste
Conference, 2003February 25
![Page 2: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective
• Provide overview of bioreactor landfills and their potential use as part of integrated solid waste management systems
![Page 3: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
I. Definitions and overviewII. What makes a bioreactor?III. Rules and regulationsIV. Leachate recirculationV. Impact on leachate quality
![Page 4: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outline
VI. Impact on gas productionVII.Operation and monitoringVIII.Other IssuesIX. ClosureX. Summary
![Page 5: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
About Instructor
• Associate ProfessorDept of Environmental Engineering SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesville, Florida [email protected]
![Page 6: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bioreactor Landfill Research
Polk County
Alachua County
New River Regional Landfill
![Page 7: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Alachua County Southwest Landfill
![Page 8: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
New River Regional Landfill
![Page 10: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Installing a well.
![Page 11: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Horizontal injection line installationExcavating:
Polk County NCLF
![Page 12: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
I. Definitions and Overview
![Page 13: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bioreactor Landfill Defined“……a sanitary landfill operated for the
purpose of transforming and stabilizing the readily and moderately decomposable organic waste constituents within five to ten years following closure by purposeful control to enhance microbiological processes. The bioreactor landfill significantly increases the extent of waste decomposition, conversion rates and process effectiveness over what would otherwise occur within the landfill.”
![Page 14: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Motivation for Bioreactors
• Despite advances made in recycling, landfills are not going away
• Let’s look at example for Florida
![Page 15: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 WTE
Recycle
Landfill0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Tons
MSW
Man
aged
(In
Mill
ions
)Florida MSW Management
![Page 16: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
WTE
Recycle
Landfill0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Tons
MSW
Man
aged
(In
Mill
ions
)Florida MSW Management
![Page 17: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Motivation for Bioreactors
• If landfills are going to continue to be a major method of managing MSW, how do we operate these landfills better and smarter, with less long term consequences?
![Page 18: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Benefits of a Bioreactor
• Rapid decomposition results in additional disposal capacity
![Page 19: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Benefits of a Bioreactor
• Rapid decomposition results in additional disposal capacity
• Opportunities for liquids management
![Page 20: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Benefits of a Bioreactor
• Rapid decomposition results in additional disposal capacity
• Opportunities for liquids management• Gas recovery is optimized
![Page 21: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Benefits of a Bioreactor
• Rapid decomposition results in additional disposal capacity
• Opportunities for liquids management• Gas recovery is optimized• Decrease in active life of landfill may result
in dramatic savings in long-term care
![Page 22: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Benefits of a Bioreactor
• Rapid decomposition results in additional disposal capacity
• Opportunities for liquids management• Gas recovery is optimized• Decrease in active life of landfill may result
in dramatic savings in long-term care• Better for the environment
![Page 23: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Word of Caution
• If designed or operated poorly, a bioreactor can pose a greater risk to the environment.
![Page 24: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Challenges
• Head on Liner• Control of Seeps• Gas Collection• Side Slope Stability• Ease of Construction; Interference with
Operations• Proper Design Procedures
![Page 25: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Note
• What is the difference between a bioreactor and leachate recirculation?
![Page 26: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
II. What Makes a Bioreactor?
![Page 27: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Municipal Solid Waste
• MSW contains a relatively large fraction of items that are “biodegradable”– Paper and other paper products– Food waste– Yard trash?– Slowly degradable materials
![Page 28: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Municipal Solid Waste in United States1997: Total Weight Generated = 209.7 million
tons
Paper/Paperboard
Glass
Yard Trash
Wood
Food Waste
Metals
Plastics
Misc
9.4%
10.4%
9.9%
7.7%
Source: EPA
38.1%
13.4%5.9%5.2%
![Page 29: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Waste Decomposition in Landfills
• Anaerobic bacteria use the biodegradable organic matter in a landfill as “food.”
• Several distinct groups of organisms act to convert large organic compounds (e.g. fats, proteins, starches) to methane and carbon dioxide
Let’s call them Bugs
![Page 30: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Anaerobic Digestion(simplified)
Hydrolyzing Bacteria
Acidogenic Bacteria
Acetogenic Bacteria
Methanogenic Bacteria
![Page 31: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Anaerobic Decomposition
→+ OHOHC 25106 24 33 COCH +
![Page 32: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Creating the Right Conditions
• In a landfill bioreactor, microorganisms that degrade the waste are provided with conditions where their growth thrives.
• How do we provide the conditions that the “bugs” need?
![Page 34: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Creating the Right Conditions
• Increase the moisture content• How?
– Recirculate the leachate– Add water– Add other liquid streams?
• Note: It is not just getting it wet, but the movement of water
![Page 35: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Creating the Right Conditions
• Other factors– Temperature– Nutrients– pH– Bugs?
![Page 36: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
III. Rules and Regulations
![Page 37: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Subtitle D
• The RCRA Subtitle D regulations govern the siting, design and operation of municipal solid waste landfills.
• Subtitle D promotes the operation of dry landfills
• There is specific language regarding leachate recirculation
![Page 38: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
§ 258.28 Liquids restrictions. (a) Bulk or noncontainerized liquid waste may not be
placed in MSWLF units unless: • (1) The waste is household waste other than
septic waste; • (2) The waste is leachate or gas condensate
derived from the MSWLF unit and the MSWLF unit, whether it is a new or existing MSWLF, or lateral expansion, is designed with a composite liner and leachate collection system as described in § 258.40(a)(2) of this part. The owner or operator must place the demonstration in the operating record and notify the State Director that it has been placed in the operating record; or
• (3) The MSWLF unit is a Project XL MSWLF and meets the applicable requirements of § 258.41.
![Page 39: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Landfill Gas Issues
• New landfill gas rules specifically address bioreactors
![Page 40: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
State Rules
• States may have specific rules• Need to get a permit• What are greatest hurdles that have to be
overcome?
![Page 41: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
IV. Leachate Recirculation
![Page 42: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Leachate Recirculation
• Leachate recirculation, sometimes known as leachate recycle.
• Several different methods can be used.• The choice of method depends on several
factors:– When you are constructing– Infrastructure at site– Degree of operator involvement desired– Design and regulatory constraints
![Page 43: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Leachate Recirculation Methods
• Wetting working face• Surface ponds• Horizontal trenches
– Surface trenches– Buried trenches
• Vertical well– Large diameter– Small diameter
![Page 44: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Wetting of the Working Face
![Page 45: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Wetting the Working Face
• Advantages– Good potential for thorough moisture
distribution– Easy
• Disadvantages– Working conditions– Limiting in wet weather– Concerns over worker exposure
![Page 46: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Infiltration Ponds
![Page 47: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Surface Infiltration Ponds
• Advantages– Relatively easy– Good distribution underneath pond
• Disadvantages– Limited area– Floating garbage– Stormwater issues
![Page 53: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Horizontal Trenches
![Page 54: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Horizontal Trenches
• The most popular method currently• Two approaches:
– Buried trenches within the waste; Can be operated under pressure.
– Trenches on the surface of the landfill; Gravity infiltration only.
![Page 55: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Buried Trench
Cover or Cap
Waste
Leachate Collection System
![Page 56: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Surface Trench
Cover or Cap
Waste
Leachate Collection System
![Page 57: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Construction Materials
• HDPE pipe is preferred
• PVC has been successfully used, however
![Page 58: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Drainage Media
• Rock/gravel• Shredded tires• Other?• None?
![Page 59: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Horizontal Trenches at ACSWL
![Page 60: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Horizontal Injection Leachate Recycle at ACSWL
• A total of 16 injection lines were constructed from 1992 through 1994.
• Leachate recycle began in 1993.
• From February 1993 through August 1994, a total of 7,900,000 gallons of leachate were recycled to the landfill by horizontal injection.
![Page 68: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Horizontal Trenches at Polk County NCLF
![Page 71: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
NCLF Phase II
![Page 72: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
• Leachate injection lines are installed in the waste as the landfill is filled up.
![Page 73: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Digging
![Page 74: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
First Two Injection Lines
![Page 75: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Surveying – “As-Built”
![Page 76: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Shredded Tires
![Page 77: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Placing First Line in Trench
![Page 78: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Hands-on Training
![Page 79: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Filling in Trench
![Page 81: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Vertical Injection Wells
• Two major types– Large diameter wells– Small diameter wells
• Many of the early leachate recirculation attempts used large diameter wells
• Most new designs use small diameter wells
![Page 82: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Why Use Vertical Wells?
• Can be applied to retrofit landfills, i.e., those landfills that have already been filled but still want to recirculate leachate
• Minimizes the involvement of the landfill operations crew. Allows for the entire system to be installed by an outside contractor.
![Page 83: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Large DiameterVertical LeachateInjection Well
![Page 84: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Potential Disadvantage of Vertical Wells
• The greatest hydraulic pressure will be at the bottom of the well
• This might result in more leachate distribution on the bottom of the landfill
• Potential method to address this: cluster wells
![Page 85: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Top of Landfill
Top of Sand DrainageBlanket
10 ft
Vertical Injection Cluster Wells
![Page 86: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Methods of Installation
• Auger drill rig• Push technology
![Page 87: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
![Page 88: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Drill rig sets up and begins drilling. First well cluster: CN2.
![Page 89: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Installing a well.
![Page 90: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Additional pipe sections were threaded into place as the pipe was pushed into the hole. For the most part, all wells were able to be installed to the drilled hole depth.
![Page 91: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
The landfilled waste tended to expand around the pipe shortly after placement. A bentonite plug was placed in the annulus between the pipe and the waste.
![Page 92: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
The thermocouple leads were placed within the pipe and a cap was placed on the pipe. This is temporary condition.
![Page 94: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Catch of the day – a mattress (with one of the drillers). Auger bits were changed while drilling resumed.
![Page 95: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Injection Well Cluster
Injection Well Cluster
![Page 96: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Compacting Soil around Injection Wells
![Page 97: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Wells Under Liner
Location of Injection Well Under GeomembraneGeomembrane will later be cut and a boot will be installed
![Page 98: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Solid Wasteand Daily
Cover
Soil
2-inch PVC injection wells TemporaryCaps
Thermocouple Wire
Process of Constructing EGC
over Injection Wells
![Page 99: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
VFPE Geomembrane Placed on Surface of Landfill
Process of Constructing EGC
over Injection Wells
![Page 100: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Geomembrane Cut Around Wells
Process of Constructing EGC
over Injection Wells
![Page 101: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Geomembrane Cut Around Wells
Process of Constructing EGC
over Injection Wells
![Page 102: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Extrusion Weld Boots
Process of Constructing EGC
over Injection Wells
![Page 103: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
As soon as geomembraneis pulled over wells, locationis marked.
At a later time, the geomembrane is cut aroundwell.
![Page 104: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Temporary Well Boots
Temporary Well Boots
![Page 105: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Temporary Well Boots after Well Extension
![Page 106: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Permanent Well Expansion Boots
![Page 107: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Construction of Expansion Boot: 1 Note: Geomembrane used
for boot is illustratedin red for clarity.
Note: Boots are prefabricatedon site.Geomembrane Collar Around Well
![Page 108: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Construction of Expansion Boot: 2 Note: Geomembrane used
for boot is illustratedin red for clarity.
Note: Boots are prefabricatedon site.
Boot Base Sheet
Extrusion Weld
![Page 109: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Construction of Expansion Boot:3 Note: Geomembrane used
for boot is illustratedin red for clarity.
Note: Boots are prefabricatedon site.
Note: Boot Collar is Shownslightly expanded for clarity.
Boot Bellows
Extrusion Weld
![Page 110: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Construction of Expansion Boot: 4 Note: Geomembrane used
for boot is illustratedin red for clarity.
Note: Boots are prefabricatedon site.
Note: Boot Collar is Shownslightly expanded for clarity.
Neoprene Gasket
Clamp
![Page 111: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
How Does Expansion Boot Work?
Initial Condition
![Page 112: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
How Does Expansion Boot Work?
Landfill Settles
![Page 113: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
How Does Expansion Boot Work?
Adjust Collar
![Page 114: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Where Does the Leachate Go?
• While we can design and systems to recirculate leachate, we are not quite as sure where the water in the landfill goes.
• Several methods have been used to predict the distribution of leachate
![Page 116: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Ymax
Xmax
x
y
Boundary ofSaturated
Zone
Xwell
InjectionWell
Flow System for Horizontal Injection Well
y = - infinity
![Page 117: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
maxY = q2 k kx yπ
maxX = q2 k y
qwell
yX =
4 k
Equations for a Saturated Zone Surrounding a Horizontal Injection Well
x = q2 k
[ xy
kk
]y
-1 y
xπtan
![Page 118: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Effect of Anisotropy on Saturated ZoneSurrounding Horizontal Injection Well
InjectionWell
kk
x
y
=
kk
x
y
=
kk
x
y
=
kk
x
y
=
1
5
2
20
![Page 119: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Numerical Modeling
• A saturated/unsaturated numerical model was developed by McCreanor
• Looked at many different scenarios
![Page 120: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
![Page 122: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Landfill Heterogeneities
• The presence of cover soil and the natural heterogeneity of compacted MSW will result in deviations from ideal scenarios
![Page 123: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Cover Problems
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8Horizontal Co-ordinate, m
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Waste
Heigh
t, m
DailyMaterialCover
![Page 124: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
![Page 125: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
How Much Water You Add?
• Need to get waste to at least field capacity.
• How do you now much of the waste is at field capacity?
![Page 126: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
V. Impact on Leachate Quality
![Page 127: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Impact on Leachate
• Early research found that leachate recirculation had a positive impact on leachate quality
• The was primarily observed with a reduction in organic strength of the leachate (e.g. BOD, COD)
• High organic strength is a result of the acids produced by the bugs in the decomposition process
![Page 128: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Leachate Strength
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Chem
ical O
xygen
Demand
, mg/L
Thousa
nds
1983198519861987198819891990199119921993Year
Closure
![Page 129: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Note
• There may be a time when you will see the leachate strength increase
![Page 130: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Impact on Other Parameters
• Some parameters will tend to increase over time– Salts– Ammonia
![Page 131: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Impact of Other Parameters
• Organic compounds and trace metals– Both of these are relatively low in leachate
regardless• Most organic trace compounds should be
biodegraded over time by organisms in the landfill
• Many heavy metals will be reduced in the anaerobic environment of the landfill
![Page 132: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Question
• Can you recirculate leachate forever?
• Do you need other forms of leachate management?
![Page 133: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
VI. Impact on Gas Production
![Page 134: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Gas Production
• An end product of rapid waste decomposition is gas production
• The total amount of gas produced from the landfill should be the same, but the time during which it is produced is condensed
![Page 135: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Anaerobic Decomposition
→+ OHOHC 25106 24 33 COCH +
![Page 136: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Year
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000 C
ubic
met
ers
LFG
0 10 20 30 40 50
LFG Generation Curves
Half-Life = 1.35 yr
Half-Life = 3.68 yr
Half-Life = 20 yr
![Page 137: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Gas Collection from a Bioreactor
• Because of the large amount of gas produced from a bioreactor and the wet nature of the waste, gas collection is a challenge.
• When do you collect?
• How do you collect?
![Page 138: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
When to Collect?
• It is not really a bioreactor if you are not collecting and managing the gas. TT
• Do you wait until the landfill is closed to start collecting the gas?
• How do you collect the gas as you go?
![Page 139: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
LFG Collection From Operating Landfills
HorizontalCollectors
Sub-Cap Collector
Leachate Collection System - LFG Collector Network
o
o
o
o
o
oo
![Page 140: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
Pressure (m water column)
Land
fill E
leva
tion
(m)
Pressure Distribution within a Landfill
![Page 141: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
![Page 142: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
![Page 143: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
![Page 144: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
![Page 145: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
![Page 146: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
VII. Operation and Monitoring
![Page 147: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Operations
• It is important to have a good operations plan and a trained set of operators
• The systems can be the best designed in the world, but if it is not operated correctly, trouble can happen
![Page 148: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Operations
• Think of the bioreactor as being a treatment system like a wastewater treatment plant; it needs an operator
![Page 149: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Operations
• Operating the system– How much?– Where?– How long?
• Monitoring and inspecting• Recording information
![Page 150: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Monitoring the Bioreactor
• Leachate production and quality• Gas production and quality• Landfill settlement• Waste quality• In-situ instrumentation
– Moisture sensors– Temperature
![Page 151: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Leachate
Leachate Meter Manholes
![Page 152: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
![Page 153: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
![Page 154: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
![Page 155: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
![Page 156: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
pH
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
pH
Manhole
![Page 157: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
TDS
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
MH-1 MH-2 MH-3 MH-4 MH-5 MH-6 MH-7 MH-8 MH-9
Manhole
TD
S (m
g/l)
![Page 158: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Typical Temperature Profile
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Dep
th fr
om th
e to
p su
rface
(ft)
5/11/01 12/18/01 4/4/02 6/25/02 7/22/02 8/13/02 10/1/02 11/18/02
Temperature ( C)
![Page 159: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
In addition to leachate/air injection wells, the researchers will also be installing instrumentation within the landfill to measure Moisture, Temperature and Gas composition. Future updates will discuss the operation of these MTGsensors in more detail. In short, these gravel-packed slotted PVC cylinders contain a device for sensing the degree of moisture present, as well as a temperature thermocouple and a tube for collecting gas samples.
![Page 160: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
![Page 161: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
![Page 162: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
![Page 163: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
![Page 164: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
-4-202468101214161820222426283032343638404244464850High Resistivity
(Low Moisture)
Low Resistivity(High Moisture)
Surface ofBioreactor
20 feet deep
60 feet deep
40 feet deep
Resistivity distribution inside NRRL Bioreactor, 12/18/02
![Page 165: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
High Temperature (degree C)
Low Temperature(degree C)
Surface ofBioreactor
20 feet deep
60 feet deep
40 feet deep
Temperature distribution inside NRRL Bioreactor, 12/18/02
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
![Page 166: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
BMP results
Methane Yield (L / g VS added)
0~0.05 0.05~0.10 0.10~0.15 0.15~0.20 0.20~0.25 0.25~0.30 0.30~0.35
Num
ber o
f sam
ples
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
![Page 167: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
VIII. Other Issues
![Page 168: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
Landfill Settlement
• Bioreactor landfills will settle more rapidly; the design must accomodate
![Page 169: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Slope Stability
• The presence of “ponded” water within the landfill can reduce the “strength” of the waste (or the strength at the interface of waste and other materials)
• This can possible result in slope failures
![Page 170: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
![Page 171: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Addition of Other Liquids
![Page 172: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Aerobic Bioreactors
![Page 173: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
Aerobic Decomposition
→+ 25106 6OOHC OHCO 22 56 +
![Page 174: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
![Page 175: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
![Page 176: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
![Page 177: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
Aerobic Bioreactors
• Offers potential for very rapid degradation.• May degrade some components that are
otherwise recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions.
![Page 178: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Aerobic Bioreactor
• Rapid stabilization of waste• Enhanced settlement• Evaporation of moisture• Degradation of organics which are
recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions• Reduction of methane emissions
![Page 179: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Aerobic Bioreactor - Issues and Concerns
• Potential for waste combustion• Nature of air emissions• Cost• Technological feasibility in deep landfill• Waste density effects• Efficiency of air distribution
![Page 180: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Types
• Aerobic
• Semi-aerobic
![Page 181: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Aerobic Landfill
![Page 182: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
![Page 183: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
![Page 184: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
![Page 185: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
![Page 186: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
![Page 187: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
![Page 188: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
![Page 189: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
![Page 190: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
![Page 191: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
![Page 192: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
![Page 193: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
![Page 194: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
Permanent Well Expansion Boots
![Page 195: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
02468
10121416182022
0 5 10 15 20 25% Methane
% O
xyge
nMixtures that can
not be formed
ExplosiveRange
Not capable offorming flammablemixtures with air
Capable of forming flammablemixtures with air (contains too
much methane to be in explosive range)
![Page 196: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
Recovery of Composted Materials
![Page 197: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
IX. Closure
![Page 198: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
Closure
• When are you able to close the landfill?– 30 years?
• Can you close early if you are bioreactor?
![Page 199: Bioreactor Landfills: Theory and Practice](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022020701/61f8558220b6a164357a99eb/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
X. Summary