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2. @3et3er or not E$e10tive Or#er No. ! vio +tes t3e rin1i e o5 se +r+tion o5 o8ers 67 0s0r in4 t3eo8ers o5 Con4ress to 1re+te +n# to + ro ri+te 50n#s 5or 06 i1 o55i1es, +4en1ies +n# 1o99issions

'. @3et3er or not E$e10tive Or#er No. ! s0 +nts t3e o8ers o5 t3e O960#s9+n +n# t3e )O*

. @3et3er or not E$e10tive Or#er No. ! vio +tes t3e e:0+ rote1tion 1 +0se +n#

o 5o o8 0 ste 67 ste 67 +tient in:0ir7 oro6serv+tion. To tr+1e or tr+1D to se+r13 into to e$+9ine +n# in:0ire into 8it3 1+re +n# +110r+17 to 5in# o0t67 1+re50 in:0isition e$+9in+tion t3e t+Din4 o5 evi#en1e + e4+ in:0ir7 " "to in:0ire to 9+De +ninvesti4+tion," "investi4+tion" 6ein4 in t0rn #es1ri6e# +s "=+>n +#9inistr+tive 50n1tion, t3e e$er1ise o5 83i13or#in+ri 7 #oes not re:0ire + 3e+rin4. 2 A9 *2# A#9 L Se1. 2< $ $ +n in:0ir7, ;0#i1i+ or ot3er8ise, 5or t3e

#is1over7 +n# 1o e1tion o5 5+1ts 1on1ernin4 + 1ert+in 9+tter or 9+tters."

In t3e e4+ sense, "+#;0#i1+te" 9e+ns "To sett e in t3e e$er1ise o5 ;0#i1i+ +0t3orit7. To #eter9ine 5in+ 7.S7non79o0s 8it3 +#;0#4e in its stri1test sense " +n# "+#;0#4e" 9e+ns "To +ss on ;0#i1i+ 7, to #e1i#e,sett e or #e1ree, or to senten1e or 1on#e9n. $ $. I9 ies + ;0#i1i+ #eter9in+tion o5 + 5+1t, +n# t3e entr7 o5 +

;0#49ent."

Fin+ 7, no83ere in E$e10tive Or#er No. ! 1+n it 6e in5erre# t3+t t3e 5in#in4s o5 t3e PTC +re to 6e +11or#e#1on1 0siveness. M013 iDe its re#e1essors, t3e )+vi#e Co99ission, t3e Fe i1i+no Co99ission +n# t3e

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en+ros+ Co99ission, its 5in#in4s 8o0 #, +t 6est, 6e re1o99en#+tor7 in n+t0re. An# 6ein4 so, t3eO960#s9+n +n# t3e )O* 3+ve + 8i#er #e4ree o5 +tit0#e to #e1i#e 83et3er or not to re;e1t t3ere1o99en#+tion. T3ese o55i1es, t3ere5ore, +re not #e rive# o5 t3eir 9+n#+te# #0ties 60t 8i inste+# 6e+i#e# 67 t3e re orts o5 t3e PTC 5or ossi6 e in#i1t9ents 5or vio +tions o5 4r+5t +8s.

-io ation o$ the /ua *rotection & ause

T3e etitioners +ss+i E$e10tive Or#er No. ! 6e1+0se it is vio +tive o5 t3is 1onstit0tion+ s+5e40+r#. T3e71onten# t3+t it #oes not + 7 e:0+ 7 to + 9e96ers o5 t3e s+9e 1 +ss s013 t3+t t3e intent o5 sin4 in4 o0tt3e " revio0s +#9inistr+tion" +s its so e o6;e1t 9+Des t3e PTC +n "+#vent0re in +rtis+n 3osti it7." T30s, inor#er to 6e +11or#e# 8it3 v+ i#it7, t3e 1o99ission 90st + so 1over re orts o5 4r+5t +n# 1orr0 tion in virt0+ 7+ +#9inistr+tions revio0s to t3+t o5 5or9er Presi#ent Arro7o.

T3e e:0+ rote1tion 1 +0se is +i9e# +t + o55i1i+ st+te +1tions, not ;0st t3ose o5 t3e e4is +t0re. Itsin3i6itions 1over + t3e #e +rt9ents o5 t3e 4overn9ent in1 0#in4 t3e o iti1+ +n# e$e10tive #e +rt9ents,+n# e$ten# to + +1tions o5 + st+te #en7in4 e:0+ rote1tion o5 t3e +8s, t3ro043 83+tever +4en17 or83+tever 40ise is t+Den.

A 7in4 t3ese re1e ts to t3is 1+se, E$e10tive Or#er No. ! s3o0 # 6e str01D #o8n +s vio +tive o5 t3e e:0+rote1tion 1 +0se. T3e 1 e+r 9+n#+te o5 t3e envisione# tr0t3 1o99ission is to investi4+te +n# 5in# o0t t3etr0t3 "1on1ernin4 t3e re orte# 1+ses o5 4r+5t +n# 1orr0 tion #0rin4 t3e revio0s +#9inistr+tion"on 7. T3eintent to sin4 e o0t t3e revio0s +#9inistr+tion is +in, +tent +n# 9+ni5est. Mention o5 it 3+s 6een 9+#e in+t e+st t3ree ortions o5 t3e :0estione# e$e10tive or#er.

Decision

T3e iss0e t3+t see9s to t+De 1enter st+4e +t resent is % 83et3er or not t3e S0 re9e Co0rt, in t3e e$er1iseo5 its 1onstit0tion+ 7 9+n#+te# o8er o5 *0#i1i+ Revie8 8it3 res e1t to re1ent initi+tives o5 t3e e4is +t0re+n# t3e e$e10tive #e +rt9ent, is e$er1isin4 0n#0e inter5eren1e. Is t3e Hi43est Tri60n+ , 83i13 is e$ e1te# to6e t3e rote1tor o5 t3e Constit0tion, itse 5 40i t7 o5 vio +tin4 50n#+9ent+ tenets iDe t3e #o1trine o5 se +r+tion

o5 o8ersJ Ti9e +n# +4+in, t3is iss0e 3+s 6een +##resse# 67 t3e Co0rt, 60t it see9s t3+t t3e resento iti1+ sit0+tion 1+ s 5or it to on1e +4+in e$ +in t3e e4+ 6+sis o5 its +1tion est it 1ontin0+ 7 6e +110se# o56ein4 + 3in#r+n1e to t3e n+tion s t3r0st to ro4ress.

@HEREFORE, t3e etitions +re GRANTE). E$e10tive Or#er No. ! is 3ere67 #e1 +re#UNCONSTITUTIONAL inso5+r +s it is vio +tive o5 t3e e:0+ rote1tion 1 +0se o5 t3e Constit0tion.

As + so r+7e# 5or, t3e res on#ents +re 3ere67 or#ere# to 1e+se +n# #esist 5ro9 1+rr7in4 o0t t3e rovisionso5 E$e10tive Or#er No. !.