bitumen tests

7/24/2019 Bitumen Tests

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ContentsBITUMEN TESTS.....................................................................................................1

Abstract.................................................................................................................1

Introduction........................................................................................................... 2

Softening point of bitumen ( Ring and Ba ! BS 2"""# $art %&'2"""......................

)b*ecti+e............................................................................................................

Apparatus'..........................................................................................................

$rocedure...........................................................................................................,

Resuts and cacuation.......................................................................................,

-iscussions.........................................................................................................,

-etermination of neede penetration of bituminous materia................................%

)b*ecti+e............................................................................................................%

Apparatus...........................................................................................................%

$rocedure...........................................................................................................%

Resuts and cacuation.......................................................................................

-iscussion..........................................................................................................

-etermination of +iscosit/ of cutbac0 bitumen BS2"""# $art 2'1..................

)b*ecti+e............................................................................................................

Apparatus...........................................................................................................

$rocedure...........................................................................................................&

Resuts and cacuations.....................................................................................&

-iscussion.......................................................................................................... &

TEST $ART 1B' 3A4I5)RNIA BEARIN6 RATI) TEST (3BR!.......................................

7BS 1' $art ,' 1"8.........................................................................................

Introduction...........................................................................................................

)b*ecti+e............................................................................................................

Apparatus...........................................................................................................

$rocedure...........................................................................................................

Resuts and cacuation.....................................................................................1"

-iscussion........................................................................................................1

3)N34USI)N....................................................................................................1

References...........................................................................................................1,

1


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BITUMEN TESTS

AbstractBitumen is a vital material for road top improvement. There is every need to perceive its

qualities to have profitable usage of this material. Doing collection of test, for instance,

softening point test, needle passageway test, and consistency test can find the way of the

bituminous material.

The needle penetration test is the utilization of a standard weight of 100g to a standard time

of sec to a standard temperature of !o" of a needle entering a bituminous material. Theinfiltration point and the assessment is in this way considered from the ordinary regard that

was gotten with reference to the illustration used as a part of the ring and ball test,

e#amination is made on the results and the passage record, $% was figured.

&s consistency in thic'ness is a 'ey property in bituminous pavement improvement, the test

diagram shows how bitumen carries on in various temperatures.

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IntroductionBitumen is a blend of natural fluids that is dar', e#ceedingly gooey, stic'y item utilized for

clearing streets, waterproofing items. There are numerous tests which are led to chec' the

nature of bitumen. Bitumen is critical part of numerous development locales li'e streets,

roadways. (umerous tests are done to guarantee the nature of bitumen.

)oftening point, penetration point and viscosity is tested and reported. $enetration is best

defined as the consistency of bituminous materials e#pressed as the distance in tenths of a

millimetre that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under 'nown

conditions of loading, time, and temperature. The penetration test is one of the best 'nown of

all empirical tests and is widely used for the specification and for the site testing of road

bitumen.

The e#periment also covers the softening point of bitumen using the ring and ball, and the

viscosity is the reverse of ease flow. The level of smoothness at the application temperature

incredibly impacts the capacity of bituminous material to spread.


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Softening point of bitumen ( Ring and Ball ) BS !!!"

#art $%&!!!

'bectie

The purpose of this e#periment was to determine the softening point of bitumen.

This was achieved by placing a *.0mm diameter ball on a sample of bitumen held in a brass

ring.

Apparatus&

)teel balls *.0mm diameter, weighing about +.0g )quare shouldered brass ring

Ball guide ing holder Bottom plate -ater bath with stirrer

,


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#rocedure

-ith the stirrer operating, heat was applied so that the temperature of the bath liquid

arose at 0" per minute. The instant temperature when the bitumen surrounding the ball reached the base plate

was recorded.

Results and calculationTabe of reading

Temperature 9C Mean

Ball 1 55.5

55.25Ball 2 55.0

/ean T1 T!2 3 !.

. .02 3 !

.!4" 5 .+o" in the nearest 0.!o"

*iscussions

%t is additionally a circuitous measure of thic'ness or, rather, the temperature at which a given

consistency is clear. The softening point esteem has specific centrality for materials which areto be utilized as thic' movies, li'e roofing materials. & high softening point guarantees that

they won6t stream in administration.

Therefore, the softening point of this bitumen is the calculated average point of .+o".

%


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*etermination of needle penetration of bituminous

material

'bectie

To determine the penetration value of three given sample of penetration grade bitumen.

To identify which of these three samples correlates to the bitumen used in the ring and ball

test and thus determine the $enetration %nde# of the bitumen.

Apparatus

$enetration apparatus7 stand, penetration needle holder and weight Timing device )pecimen tins -ater bath and transfer dish

#rocedure

The samples were heated in the constant temperature bath for about 18!hours.

-ith cleaned needle prior to each test, the specimen was placed in a transfer dish andcovered with water from the temperature bath. The transfer dish was then put on the

stand of the penetrometer. The needle was carefully lowered until its tip made a contact with its image that was

reflected from the specimen surface. The zero position of the needle was noted and the needle holder released for the

required time and the penetration in tenth of a millimetre was determined.


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Results and

calculation

$enetration table

Sample 1 2 3 Average Grade

A 69 68 68 68.33 60/70

B 68 68 68 68.00 60/70

C 69 69 67 68.33 60/70

&verage penetration, & 9*9:9:23+ 9:.++ 5 9:mm in nearest whole number&verage penetration, B 9:9:9:23+ 9:.00 5 9:mm in nearest whole number

&verage penetration, " 9*9*9;23+ 9:.++ 5 9:mm in nearest whole number

*iscussion

The penetration of each sample is the calculated average. Therefore, the penetration of all

samples &, B, and " is 9: in grade 903;0.


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*etermination of iscosit+ of cutbac, bitumen BS!!!"

#art -&.//01

'bectie

To determine the viscosity of a given sample of cutbac' bitumen

Apparatus


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#rocedure

The filled viscometer cup was placed in the constant temperature bath for 1.; =

0.!h with the bath maintained at >0 = 1o". !0ml of light mineral oil was placed in the receiver. -ith the receiver in position under the cup, the bulb valve was lifted and suspended

on the valve support. The cloc' was started when the oil reached the !ml mar' andstopped when the oil reached the ;ml mar'.

Results and calculations

TemperatureC !"#$%#"t& Average !"#$%#"t& '$()

60

75*000

753333.3375200075*000

170

355.5

355.17355.0

355.0

&verage viscosity at 90o" ;>000 ;!000 ;>00023+

;++++.++c$

&verage viscosity at 1;0o

" +. + +23+ +.1;c$

*iscussion

The average viscosity at 90o" and 1;0o" is ;++++.++c$ and +.1;c$ correspondingly.

This implies the bitumen is a viscoelastic material.

%t was observed from this practical that low temperature brings about high viscosity and high

temperature brings low viscosity.


10/16

TEST #ART .B& CA2I3'RNIA BEARIN4 RATI' TEST (CBR)

5BS .0--& #art 6& .//!7

IntroductionThe investigation that has been done is to decide "alifornia Bearing atio of subgrade soil

and assess the quality for outline of asphalt thic'ness. The safety measure that was set up

while doing this trial was to clean the openings of the base, mould and the punctured circle

altogether. This is on the grounds that we have to evacuate the polluting influences which can

bring about the diverse in quality of soil. &nother precautionary measure is ad?usting the

additional charge weight to the plunger so that the plunger can enter unreservedly into the

sample soil.

'bectie

To illustrate the laboratory method by which the "B of a soil is obtained by the preparation

and testing of a given sample of soil, at varying moisture contents.

Apparatus

"B test ring @oading frame 4ven /ould with collar and base plate Aammer >. 'g $erforated plate

#rocedure

& sample of :*.>'g was prepared and material from this sample was compacted in a standard"B mould, at the moisture content ranging from 0.9+mm intervals to ;.9!mm.

By compaction method at 10, +0 and 9 number of blows for layers, the plunger was thenmade to penetrate the specimen at a uniform rate of 1mm per minute and the readings wereta'en and recorded.

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Results and calculationC%nta"ner +%. ,

Ma## %- et #%"l $%nta"ner 'm2) g *3.* *3.* *3.* *3.*

Ma## %- dr& #%"l $%nta"ner 'm3) g 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.2

Ma## $%nta"ner 'm1) g *.6 *.6 *.6 *.6

Ma## %- m%"#ture 'm2m3) g *.2 *.2 *.2 *.2

Ma## %- dr& #%"l 'm3m1) g 3*.6 3*.6 3*.6 3*.6

M%"#ture $%ntent

! +

+ 1

m m

w

m m

=

12.1* 12.1* 12.1* 12.1*

Average m%"#ture $%ntent 12.1*

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+%.%- Bl%# 10 30 65

M%uld +%. G 2

M%uldSample A 11160 11351 10950

t. %- M%uld B 6*97 650* 59*1

!%l. %- M%uld C 212* 2117 2121

T"me'4 ) ,ate T"me Sell 'mm)

0 11/12/2015 800 0.00 0.00 0.00

2* 12/12/2015 800 0.20 0.25 0.27

*8 13/12/2015 800 0.2* 0.27 0.30

72 1*/12/2015 800 0.27 0.29 0.32

96 15/12/2015 800 0.30 0.35 0.37

C%rre$t"%n %ad# Te#t +% 1 2 3

(enetrat"%n 2.5 5.0 2.5 5.0 2.5 5.0

Std.%ad136

0 20*0 1360 20*0 1360 20*0

C%rr. %ad 280 **5 5*8 913 289 50*

CB 20.6 21.8 *0.3 **.8 21.2 2*.7

Ma 21.8 **.8 2*.7

Sell 0.3 0.3 0.3

et :n"t e"g4t 'AB)/C , 2.195 2.290 2.362

,r& :n"t e"g4t 100,/'100MC) ,, 1.958 2.0*2 2.106

CBR

12


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Te#t+%. 1 2 3

10 Bl%# 30 Bl%# 65 Bl%#

(enet.

Std.%adg

ead"ng

%adg

ead"ng

%adg

ead"ng %ad

gmm

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.635 1.26 11* 1.27 115 0.86 7*

1.27 1.96 185 3.27 316 1.57 1*6

1.91 2.*7 236 *.56 **5 2.2* 213

2.5* 1.360 2.91 280 5.59 5*8 3 2893.18 3.*2 331 6.71 661 3.*6 335

3.81 3.85 37* 7.57 7*7 *.0* 393

*.55 *.27 *16 8.53 8*3 *.76 *65

5.08 2.0*0 *.56 **5 9.23 913 5.15 50*

6.35 5.31 520 10.72 1063 5.95 585

7.62 2.585

8.89

10.16

1


14/16

" 2.% % .% 1""

2""

,""

""

&""

1"""

12""

2oad s #enetration

#enetration (mm)

2oad (9g)

1,


15/16

*iscussion

This test is used to review the nature of a sub8level, sub8base, and base thic'ness layer of a

pavement improvement. The results procured by these tests are used with the accurate twists

to choose the thic'ness of bitumen and its portion layers. This test covers the lab framewor'

for the determination of ".B.. of compacted soil tests.

C'NC2USI'N

-ith everything ta'en into account, it was seen that in e#tending invasions of the sample soil,

the compaction will lessen. &ccordingly, cutting down the penetration will offset the soil

specimen for the building of roadways. %t is 'ey for layout of pavement thic'ness and to

evade the roads from sedimentation of soil. %t was similarly seen that there is assortment in

the nature of the sample as the blows are variable.

1%


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References&li, @iaqat !00*27Recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile

foundations, and tunneling. eston,

bitumen tests

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