blackwater explorations ltd. report on seismic reflection
TRANSCRIPT
BLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS LTD.
REPORT ON
SEISMIC REFLECTION MODELLING
PLACER GOLD EXPLORATION
QUESNEL AREA, B.C.
by
Russell Hillman, P.Eng.
PROJECT BLK-570/1May, 2012________________________________________________________________
CONTENTS
44. CONCLUSIONS
2 3.2 Discussion2 3.1 General 23. GEOPHYSICAL RESULTS
12. SEISMIC SOFTWARE MODELLING
11. INTRODUCTIONpage
ILLUSTRATIONS
AppendixGeological Model Variations of line 0+00NFigure 3AppendixInterpreted Depth Section SL-0+00N (1B)Figure 2 AppendixInterpreted Depth Section SL-0+00N (1A)Figure 1location
(i)
1. INTRODUCTION
In order to further exploration of the Blackwater claims group, an evaluation of theeffectiveness of the seismic reflection method was carried out. The purpose of the evaluationwas to determine if the more-sensitive seismic reflection method would detect the knowngeological boundaries at the site and provide more detailed geological information than thepreviously-completed seismic refraction surveying.
Several models were constructed based on variations of the known geological conditions onsite and specifically the channel-like depression interpreted from the seismic refraction datafor line SL-0+00N. The results of the modeling would be utilized to design reflection surveysin proposed further geophysical investigations of the property.
2. SEISMIC SOFTWARE MODELLING
Several modelling programs were considered with the University of Nebraska-Lincoln,*“Synthetic Seismogram Generation for Modelled Geologic Sections” believed to be themost versatile and effective. The computer program Syngen (Synthetic SeismogramGenerator) develops a synthetic seismogram for a user-defined layered earth model. Theprogram produces a one-dimensional synthetic seismogram for a geological model or a twodimensional synthetic seismogram for more complex stratigraphy. Input into the programconsists of layer thicknesses and configurations and layer compressional wave velocities anddensities. The latter are utilized to compute the reflectivity function or reflectioncoefficient.The product of the input of the properties of two layers at a contact is the acousticinpedance at the interface.
*Synthetic Seismogram Generation for Modeled Geological Sections,Computer Program in Earth sciences,Jerry
F.Ayers,University Of Nebraska-Lincoln,No4-version1.00,2000
1
3. GEOPHYSICAL RESULTS
3.1 General
The basic model is the section for line SL-0+00N completed in the July 2009 Investigation ofthe Blackwater property. A simplified version of the section was utilized in the modellingprocess. The section consists of three distinct geological layers to a maximum depth of 80metres. A 4m thick layer at the ground surface has a compressional wave velocity of 350 m/sand a density of 1.54 grams per cubic centimetre. This surficial layer is underlain by a thickintermediate layer with a compressional wave velocity of 1500 m/s and a density of 1.75grams per cubic centimetre. This layer is believed to be totally saturated. The basal layer witha velocity of 3700 m/s and a density of 2.65 grams per cubic centimetre is the bedrocksurface.The bedrock in the site area is believed to be competent metamorphic schist orphyllite. This basic model was held fixed in the subsequent modelling with four additions ofan additional intermediate layer assessed for reflectivity and detection.
3.2 Discussion
The synthetic seismogram for the base model is illustrated in Model A in the appendix. Themodel shows a clear reflector of the surface of the thick saturated layer and a basal reflectorat the interpreted bedrock surface. The bedrock surface is readily detected not only along thebroad relatively flat central portion but also along the steep side slopes and narrow bedrocklow centred at 400 metres. The total two-way travel time is approximately 125 milliseconds.
The first variation on the original model is illustrated in Model B. In this scenario as in allsubsequent models, the parameters of Model A remain fixed. In Model B a secondintermediate layer is added with a compressional wave velocity of 1950 m/s and a density of2.1 grams per cubic centimetre. The layer pinches out to either side of the section and isthickest in the bedrock depression centred at 400 metres. The addition of this layer wasintended to evaluate the detectability of a potentially denser and higher velocity layeroverlying the bedrock surface.
The principal result of model B is the positive detection with the seismic reflection method ofthe surface of the superimposed layer. The reflector at the two-way travel time of 70milliseconds is weak but detectable. The surficial and basal bedrock reflectors are unaffected,with a possible reduction in amplitude of reflections from the bedrock.
2
A second variation on the initial model is illustrated in model C. In this instance, the 1950m/slayer from model B only exists in the bedrock depression centred at 400 metres. Themaximum layer thickness within the depression is 20 metres.
The synthetic seismogram in model C clearly shows the surface of the 1950 m/s layer in thedepression and the underlying bedrock. Similar to model B, the reflector at the surface of the1950m/s layer is relatively weak. The results indicate that the 1950m/s layer although at agreater depth of burial, can still be detected wit the seismic reflection method.
The third variation on the initial geological model is illustrated in model D. In this case, the1950m/s velocity in model C has been replaced with a compressional wave velocity of230m/s. All other parameters including density remain fixed. The objective was to assesswhat if any changes would occur with a moderate increase in velocity of the layer within thebedrock depression.
The result indicates a modest increase in the amplitude of the reflection from the surface ofthe 2300m/s layer. No weakening of the reflector from the underlying bedrock is apparent inthe data.
The final variation on the initial geological model is illustrated in Model E. In this geologicalmodel, the 2300m/s layer is more extensive with the surface of the layer buried at 30 metresand extending almost the full width of the section.
The surface of the 2300m/s layer is readily apparent as the moderately strong reflector at atwo-way travel time of 60 milliseconds. The bedrock surface even with the presence of athick, higher velocity, intermediate layer remains a strong reflector with no apparentreduction in reflector strength.
3
4. CONCLUSIONS
The modelling of input parameters indicates that the reflection seismic method would beeffective in remote mapping of the known or inferred geological boundaries at theBlackwater project. Basal bedrock, overburden stratigraphy and the gold-bearingconglomerate layer all appear as good reflectors. Careful planning , good execution and highredundancy “fold” surveying should provide very effective geological sections to further theexploration of the historical Tertiary channel on the property.
Russell Hillman, P.Eng.
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FIG. 3DATE: MAY. 2012
FRONTIER GEOSCIENCES INC.
GEOLOGICAL MODELS - LINE 0+00N
SEISMIC REFLECTION MODELLING
BLACKWATER PROJECTBLACKWATER EXPLORATIONS LTD.
MODEL A
MODEL B
MODEL C
MODEL D
MODEL E
v=1500 m/s =1.75 gm/cm^3
v=3700 m/s =2.6 gm/cm^3
v=1500 m/s =1.75 gm/cm^3
v=1950 m/s =2.1 gm/cm^3
v=3700 m/s =2.6 gm/cm^3
v=1500 m/s =1.75 gm/cm^3
v=1950 m/s =2.1 gm/cm^3
v=3700 m/s =2.6 gm/cm^3
v=1500 m/s =1.75 gm/cm^3
v=3700 m/s =2.6 gm/cm^3
v=2300 m/s =2.1 gm/cm^3
v=1500 m/s =1.75 gm/cm^3
v=2300 m/s =2.1 gm/cm^3
v=3700 m/s =2.6 gm/cm^3
APPROX. SCALE1:3,000
Frontier Geosciences Inc.237 St. Georges Ave., North Vancouver, B.C. V7L 4T4 · Tel: 604.987.3037 · Fax: 604.984.3074
Russell A. Hillman, P.Eng.Engineering Geophysicist
President, Frontier Geosciences Inc.Testing of a unique overwater ultrasonic signal processing device for borrowidentification, Beaufort Sea, N.W.T. Borehole seismic investigations for dynamicparameters, John Hart, W.A.C. Bennett, Mica, Keenleyside, Stave Falls, OphirCreek, Ruskin, Seymour, Myra Falls and Botanie Lake Dams, B.C. Seismicrefraction investigations for geological conditions on Merritt to Peachlandextension of Coquihalla Highway. Detailed seismic refraction surveying forgeological conditions, Roseau River damsite, St. Lucia. Seismic refractionsurveys, gold exploration, Pogo Project, Alaska and Hope Bay Project, Nunavut.Seismic refraction surveying of proposed tailings dam sites, Pueblo Viejo,Dominican Republic. High resolution seismic reflection surveys for geothermalexploration in Terrace, B.C., industrial minerals in Powell River, B.C., Clevelanddam site abutment stability evaluation in North Vancouver, B.C., Fraser deltaearthquake assessment study in Vancouver, B.C., gold exploration in Tulsequah,B.C., kimberlite exploration in the Northwest Territories, tailings disposal sitesProsperity Project, B.C., and proposed Aluminum Smelter site, Kitimat, B.C.Groundwater geophysical investigations for hazardous waste sites in Cache Creekarea, B.C., water supply in Timor, Indonesia, environmental assessment inMultnomah County, Portland, Oregon, and several municipal, industrial andmine-related water supply schemes in Western Canada. Overwater acousticprofiling surveys for proposed oil pipeline crossing, Pastaza River, Peru, mineralexploration in Ontario, Manitoba and Northwest Territories, proposed dockingfacilities, Pagan Island, Marianas. Seismic refraction investigations of placer goldchannels in Likely, Cranbrook and Quesnel areas, B.C. Extensive geophysicalinvestigations at the W.A.C. Bennett Dam Sinkhole Project, Hudson's Hope, B.C.
1985-Present
Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia Registration no. 13042, November 4, 1981 Association of Profession Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of Alberta Member no. M75499, September 20, 2002Member, European Association of Exploration Geophysicists
ASSOCIATIONS
B.Sc. in Geophysics, University of British Columbia, 1969EDUCATION
Land and marine engineering geophysics. High resolution surveys for theidentification and delineation of soil types, contaminants, bedrock, groundwaterand permafrost in support of geotechnical studies, environmental investigations,groundwater investigations and mineral, oil, coal and potash exploration.
FIELDS OFSPECIALINTEREST
Project Geophysicist, Northway Survey Corporation, Toronto, OntarioResponsible for interpretation of airborne and ground geophysical surveys formassive sulphide deposits and petroleum. Majority of interpretation reports on theapplication of helicopter-borne magnetic and electromagnetic instrumentation tothe search for massive sulphide deposits in the Canadian Shield. Specific projectsincluded the planning of airborne surveying, ground follow-up and interpretationof data for Rio Tinto Zinc's large option in the Padang area of Sumatra, Indonesia,and interpretation of ground magnetometer work in the Canadian Arctic andgravity surveys in Ontario.
1970-1971
Engineering Geophysicist, Geo-Recon Explorations Ltd.Special assignments included: The Boardman Nuclear Project in Oregon forPortland General Electric Company, the Washington Public Power SupplySystem Nuclear Project No. 1 on the Hanford Reservation near Richland,Washington; Geophysical investigations in connection with five possible coastalnuclear sites in Oregon for Portland General Electric, Downie Slide nearRevelstoke and the Seven Mile Project on the Pend O'Reille River near Trail forthe British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority.
1971-1974
Intermediate Engineer, Klohn Leonoff Consultants Ltd.Responsible for geophysical investigations of Civil Engineering projects.
1974-1975
Intermediate Engineer, Golder AssociatesSeismic refraction investigations of damsites near Red Deer, Alberta, and DawsonCreek, Fort Nelson, Liard Hot Springs and Fording, B.C. In situ elastic modulifoundation studies for proposed pulp mill, Akdeniz, Turkey. Continuousoverwater sub-bottom reflection surveys in connection with a submarinelandslide, Kitimat, B.C., proposed coal terminal, Prince Rupert, B.C., andproposed grain terminal, Vancouver, B.C. Evaluation of geophysical parametersrelating to underground storage of nuclear waste in bedded salt environments,U.S.A. Resistivity and self-potential surveys for contaminant plume delineation,Cantung, N.W.T. and Fording, B.C.
1975-1980
Head Geophysicist, D.R. Piteau and Associates, Ltd.Seismic refraction investigations of the Northeast Coal Branch railspur and theproposed Connaught Tunnel in Glacier National Park, B.C. and the CoalspurProject in Robb, Alberta; over-ice Impulse Radar investigation of artificial islandsites in the McKenzie River, N.W.T. Seismic and electrical surveys forgroundwater resources for fish hatcheries at Likely, Clearwater and PrinceGeorge, B.C.
1980-1982
Engineering Geophysicist, R.A. Hillman and AssociatesImpulse radar investigations of a large peat deposit in the Vancouver Area forlandfill development, massive concrete wall retaining structure in West Virginiaand drag line stability assessment in northern Alberta. Seismic refractioninvestigations in support of placer exploration in the Wells area, B.C., and in theWhitehorse area, Yukon.
1983-1984
Head, Engineering Geophysics Division, White Geophysical Inc.Seismic refraction investigations of debris slides, river crossings and borrowlocations for the Coquihalla Highway project. Regional EM induction surveys forgravel exploration. Borehole seismic investigation of foundation conditions forproposed ALRT crossing of Fraser River. Seismic refraction investigation ofplacer channels in Likely area, B.C.
1984-1985
- 2 -
Blackwater Explorations Ltd. Blackwater Project 1 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________ ERSi Earth Resource Surveys Inc.
1. INTRODUCTION
This reports describes the preparation of orthorectified aerial photographs over the Blackwater placer
claims located in the Cariboo Mining Division of central British Columbia. These claims, owned by
Blackwater Explorations Ltd, are currently being explored for their potential to host placer gold and
platinum deposits. The objective of the work was to prepare an orthophoto base map of the study area as
the first stage in an air photo interpretation.
1.1. Location and Access
The Blackwater placer claims (BX claims) are situated about 440 km north of Vancouver and 40 km north-
northwest of Quesnel (Figure 1) within N.T.S. map sheets 93G/2W and 93G/7W and the Cariboo Mining
Division. The claims are centered at approximately 122°53’8.8” W longitude and 53°14’ 43.7” N latitude.
Access to the property is from the Blackwater Road (Quesnel to Vanderhoof) and a number of logging
roads that extend north and northeast from the Blackwater Road onto the claims.
1.2. Claim Status
Figure 2 is a claim plan of the property. The BX placer claim, the original part of which was staked in
2007, covers 1,372.7640 hectares. The claim has a current expiry date of April 9, 2011 and is 100%
owned by Blackwater Explorations Ltd.
1.3. Physiography and Vegetation
The claim lies mostly in the Fraser Basin, along the western side of the Fraser Plateau. The Fraser Basin
is for the most part a flat or gently rolling surface below ~900m. Both it and the Fraser Plateau in this area
were occupied by ice whose movement created drumlins and drumlin-like forms in the extensive glacial
drift. Ice movement was in a northward direction.
The claim covers two watersheds, one draining southeast into the Fraser River and the other draining
northwest to north into the Blackwater River. The southeastern drainage is about 13.72 km long with an
elevation range from 789 to 520m. The northwestern drainage is about 11.26 km long with and elevation
range from 830 to 560m.
Dense brush, beetle-killed pine, spruce and some fir trees cover the claim.
1.4. Previous Work
There is no record of any exploration work on the BX placer claim prior to 2009. A remote sensing study
was completed in 2010 and described in Assessment Report No. 31538 (Campbell, 2010). There is no
record of any assement reports being filed on adjacent placer claims. There are no B.C. Minfile
occurrences on the claim.
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Blackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsBlackwater Placer ClaimsTenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023Tenure 682023
Blackwater Road
Blackwater Road
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Blackwater Road
Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97Hwy 97
Hwy 97
122° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W12 2° 45 ' W
1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W1 22 ° 3 0' W
123° W123° W123° W123° W123° W123° W123° W123° W123° W
53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N53° 15' N
53°N53°N53°N53°N53°N53°N53°N53°N53°N
53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N53° 30' N
123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W123° 15' W
Figure: 1
Blackwater Explorations Ltd.
DWG: 518-25 Scale: 1:250,000
5 0 5 10 15
Kilometers
Placer Claim 682023
Cariboo Mining Division, B.C.
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USA
YUKON
B.C.
ALBERTA
8BlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterBlackwaterPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer ClaimPlacer Claim
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QuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnelQuesnel
Prince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince GeorgePrince George
VancouverVancouverVancouverVancouverVancouverVancouverVancouverVancouverVancouver
KamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloopsKamloops
SmithersSmithersSmithersSmithersSmithersSmithersSmithersSmithersSmithers
LOCATION MAP
February 2011
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Fraser R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater R.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Blackwater Rd.
Cha
rleso
n C
k.C
harle
son
Ck.
Cha
rleso
n C
k.C
harle
son
Ck.
Cha
rleso
n C
k.C
harle
son
Ck.
Cha
rleso
n C
k.C
harle
son
Ck.
Cha
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n C
k.
2
Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.Blackwater Mtn.
BX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer ClaimBX Placer Claim682,023682,023682,023682,023682,023682,023682,023682,023682,023
680,404680,404680,404680,404680,404680,404680,404680,404680,404
554,264554,264554,264554,264554,264554,264554,264554,264554,264
720720720720720720720720720
550550550550550550550550550
750750750750750750750750750
580580580580580580580580580
790790790790790790790790790
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
820820820820820820820820820
860860860860860860860860860
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
780780780780780780780780780
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
810
720720720720720720720720720
810810810810810810810810810
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
730
780780780780780780780780780
610610610610610610610610610
850850850850850850850850850
830830830830830830830830830
850850850850850850850850850
910
910
910
910
910
910
910
910
910
5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N5900000m N
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
510000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
506000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
504000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
508000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
512000m E
5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N5902000m N
5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N5904000m N
5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N5898000m N
5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N5896000m N
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
502000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
498000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
500000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
514000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
516000m E
580,866580,866580,866580,866580,866580,866580,866580,866580,866
580,862580,862580,862580,862580,862580,862580,862580,862580,862334,905334,905334,905334,905334,905334,905334,905334,905334,905264,172264,172264,172264,172264,172264,172264,172264,172264,172
397,280397,280397,280397,280397,280397,280397,280397,280397,280
665,109665,109665,109665,109665,109665,109665,109665,109665,109
Figure: 2
Blackwater Explorations Ltd.
DWG: 518-26 Scale: 1:50,000
Placer Claim 682023
Cariboo Mining Division, B.C.
ALR BX Claim OtherPlacer Claims
PLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAPPLACER CLAIM MAP
February 2011
1 0 1 2 Km
UTM 10 NAD83 10m contour interval