block 6 post disaster management

8/7/2019 BLOCK 6 post disaster management

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POST-DISASTER MANAGEMENT


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OVERVIEW

Post disaster management is the aftermath ofemergency disaster management.

This consists of the following: Enabling survivors to resume normal lives and their

means of livelihood.

Restoring normal lifelines and communications

Returning people to their homes and work places Ensuring businesses back in place and economic activities

in full swing

Beginning housing reconstruction and repair


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OBJECTIVES

To describe the actions required for a smooth transition fromthe immediate post-disaster relief and response phase to therecovery phase.

To understand the need for detailed damage and lossassessment

To list the actions to be taken during the three phases of therecovery and restoration (Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and

Restoration)

To understand how to use the opportunity to change disaster todevelopment


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INTRODUCTION

The aftermath of disaster could be:

Some business may never recover

Communities may take an entire generation to return tonormal state

Each phase of disaster management merges into asubsequent one.

This forms the path of a spiral

Recovery under Post-Disaster management is a long-term recovery activities instead of immediate recovery

plans


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RECOVERY

Under recovery, the following could be a table ofprioritized actions:

Critical life and safety issues

Search and rescue operations

Treating the injured

Re-establishing vital public services e.g.. Electricity

Providing emergency shelters

Recovery plans must proceed the occurrence ofdisasters

The plans should be concise and should outline theframe work for long-term recovery


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WHO TAKES UP RECOVERY PLANS?

Set up a recovery task force

Embodied by community leaders, representatives of localgovernment and interested citizens

Community-wide task force can however assume thisresponsibility

Form standing committees to address issues of

reconstruction, rehabilitation etc

Also, small committees can be created

Small committees are a true reflection of community wideviews and interests.


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A team of representatives from the planning,sanctioning authority, public works and emergencymanagement department could develop a strategy.

Local governments should provide technicalassistance for long-term recovery plans

A government funded recovery planning team,

including a planner, architect, economist, andengineer should be formed

The develop set of strategies for reconstruction whichinclude specific implementation recommendations.


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NOTE:

Recovery teams need same facilities as the

emergency response team

Communication links are required in order for

all parties to work together


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WHAT KIND OF INFORMATION IS

REQUIRED?

A contrast between lost assessment during

immediate post disaster phase and recovery

phase can be seen in the table below


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LOSS ASSESSMENT IN CONTRAST

Immediate post disaster Recovery

Save as many lives as

possible

Get critical facilities in places

as soon as possible

Reach as many people formedical and health care as

possible

Save endangered lives

Determine the victims needs

Set priorities for action and

scheduling]

Provide data needed for

program planning and planned

development


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The following questions help obtain theinformation need

o What is damaged?

o What are the priorities?

o Where can these essentials coming from?

o How can funds be mobilized for each activity?

Complete a detail loss assessment to answer

the above questions


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WHO REQUIRED INFORMATION AND WHY?

The following are prime in receiving information

Governments: they need the following information on

the impact of disaster Individuals and families

Lifelines such as water, electricity, sewer, and transport

networks

Critical facilities such as hospitals and government facilities.

Transportation facilities such as ports and warehouses.

Airports.

Fuel supplies.

The economyand means of production


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The above information help the government toknow where to place assistance first.

Reconstruction Agencies: information neededinclude-

Data about condition of survivors

Means of coping of the survivors

Ability of families to recover and reconstruct


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Lender and Donors: Require information about the overall extent of the

disaster and its economic impact

Insurance Companies:

Need information to make projections for

compensations of claims and mobilize resources


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MAKING ASSESSMENTS?

Some means of recording damages are:

Video coverage with scenario narrations

Field surveys

Over flights

Aerial photography

Remote sensing

Remote reporting

Four stages of recoding the damages are: Before the debris is removed

After the debris is removed

Prior to start of repairs

After the damages has been repaired


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Damageassessment

Situational

assessment

Health needs

assessment

Needs

assessment

Social impact

assessment

5 useful

assessments

FIVE (5) USEFUL ASSESSMENT FOR

MEETING THE ABOVE OBJECTIVES


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1. SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT

Initial reconnaissance

Immediate estimation of impact of a disaster]

This happens at the emergency phase of the

post-disaster management.


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2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Determine the needs of:

Victims

Communities at large

Relief agencies responding to the emergency.

Classify needs into two

Immediate needs such as health, life support, safety,etc.

Long term needs such as housing and economic needs.


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3. DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

Determine the extent of physical damage in allareas such as: Buildings

Manmade structures

Agriculture

Economic base of areas affected

Specialists in each sector determine damages.

Example: Engineers determine houses and buildings, lifelines

and major economic installations

Agronomics determine the losses to crops, forests,

orchards etc.


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4. HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Involves epidemiological surveillance

Identify threats to public health precipitated oraggravated by the disaster.

Establish a monitoring and medical responsecapability


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5. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Identify disasters impact on community social

structures

Identify communitys own spontaneous relief

measures and their effectiveness


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There are however variations in theassessments due to the inabilities to monetary

quantify all damages e.g. life

The valuator would have to weigh the damages

based on the purpose of his assessment.


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QUANTIFYING AND EVALUATING

DAMAGES

Damages are in two parts: Direct and Indirect.

Direct damages involve

Total or partial destruction of physical infrastructure,crop lands and others

Estimated costs of demolishing and clearingdestruction areas

Indirect damages

They are not immediately apparent and quantifiable.

Indirect damages involve the flow of goods and

services.


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They interfere with production capacity andservices.

o Examples of indirect damages include:

Lack of future harvests as a result of flooding of

farmlands

Loss of income for service companies caused by

services interruptions. Loss of taxes with reduce economics activity


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Examples of intangible damages caused by indirectdamages

Human sufferings

Insecurity

Solidarity Effects on national solidarity etc.

Secondary EffectsReflect disasters impact on the behavior of main

macroeconomic variables


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Secondary effects have impact on:

The growth rate of the overall and sectoral gross

domestic product

The balance of payment for external services

The level of indebtedness and of reserves

Public finances and gross investment


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KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL ASSESSMENT

Identification of users e.g. health and medical organization,housing agencies and others.

Definingthe information needed for appropriate response.Avoid collecting unnecessary information

Linkinginformation to action. Information should be timelyand appropriate

Format: organize and achieve information in clear andretrievable means

Timing. Determine the priorities of those affected and themost appropriate time to response to various needs.


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Location. Survey appropriate areas with adequatedescription and classification

Standard terminology, relating and classification are

important

Proper interpretation for analyzing of different

types of damages, losses and accuracy is required

Appropriate dissemination of information to

response agencies is required in useful and timely

manner.


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RECONSTRUCTION

Central united states earthquake consortium

distinguished recovery from reconstruction as:

Reconstruction would mean permanent

construction or replacement of severely

damaged physical structures, the full

restoration of all services and localinfrastructure, and the revitalization of the of

the economy (including agriculture).


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Recovery however is the physical, social,economic, and environmental healing of acommunity.

Reconstruction stress the physical aspect of post-disaster rebuilding.

It is a desire to achieve a better quality of life, improveaesthetics and community design.

While recovery epitomizes the desire to return tonormal/pre-existing conditions, reconstructionprovides an opportunity to do it better.


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DANGERS OF HASTY PLANNING AND

CONDUCTING RECONSTRUCTION

Reconstruction programs that are ill-plannedmay leave them almost vulnerable again tofuture disaster.

It also creates complacency becausesomething has been seen to have been done

Reconstruction assistance should be designedto

Relieve economic constrains and reduce the cost of

production


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Inject capital into the community

Create employment

Support and strengthen existing economic

enterprise


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IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS

SITES

Use ofBaseline Data and Communication

Involve in Planning and Reconstruction

Some necessary information can gathered in

advance

UNDRO study Shelter After Disaster suggests that

the following pre-disaster conditions be met.1. Identification and mapping of hazardous zones

2. Description of prevailing building technique

3. Mapping elements at risk

4. Estimation of housing demands


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Baseline data is especially important for- epidemiological surveillance

- Economic impact assessment

- Agriculture and food needs assessments

Municipal planning

Disaster is an opportunity

Communities must take advantage of the services

offered by the municipality or agencies in the

communities


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It is important to consider the municipalitys

intention

Knowing what services are available will help to

eliminate duplication of effort.


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REHABILITATION

Rehabilitation is the actions taken in theaftermath of a disaster

Rehabilitation helps to Enable basic services to resume functioning

Facilitate the revival of economic activities includingagriculture

Resume normal pre-disaster patterns of life

Rehabilitation is a transitional phase between longterm records and pursuit of ongoing developmentof post-disaster impact


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As the rescue phase moves toward recovery,you will find that the community has suffered a

lot physical and mental trauma an loss.

Many people will have contributed a great deal

to rescue and response operations and it is

important to present this as an opportunity for

them to look for a safer and better quality of

life.


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Traumatic Rehabilitation

It can take years for people to heal after a traumasuffered on account of a disaster.

In almost all rehabilitation programs, authorities

concentrate on the recovery and rehabilitation ofphysical infrastructures and the health of thepeople- that is , they look towards futureopportunities.

It is important to show concern for the stress andpsychological issues of people who have gonethrough the experience and those involved inproviding emergency response.


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While assessing impacts of the disaster,information on possible psychosocial effects of

the event and the coping strategies becomes

equally important in order to avoid any crime or

social unrest.

Another step may be to provide counseling

services.


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RESTORATION

A disaster can become an opportunity to fulfil

development needs, addressing issues of pre-

disaster delays due to unavailability of funds

and political forces.


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PRIORITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN

REHABILITATION AND RESTORATION

Rehabilitation and reconstruction must be seen

as a process of restoring what previously

existed. It is necessary to develop strategies

and modalities to reconstitute services and

renovate or replace essential structures so that

vulnerability is reduced.


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Assistance in rehabilitation and reconstructionmust be planned on the basis of a thoroughassessment and appraisal of the technical andsocial issues involved.

While assistance planning cannot be undulyrushed, it must be accomplished as expeditiouslyas possible. There are two reasons: Certain rehabilitation and reconstruction measures, if

organized rapidly enough, can shorten the period forwhich emergency relief assistance is needed andeliminate the need to invest resources in temporaryresources


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The window of opportunity for incorporating riskreduction measures in reconstruction (of

housing, for instance) or for new development

initiatives (especially social aspects) may be

short.

Seasonal factors must be considered and may

determine the needed timetable for reconstruction.


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Lesson learned

Build evaluation into the overall response plan.

block 6 post disaster management

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