BLOOD COMPONENTSANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14

Dr. Benjamin Rush (1746-1813)

United Theory of Disease = all diseases have one cause

Purgatives & Phlebotomies

Blood Functions

Carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, urea, glucose Communication between tissues via Endocrine secretions (i.e. hormones) Dissapation of heat

Comparative Blood Volumes Horse = 10.3 L Human (Peru) = 6.3L Human (U.S.) = 4.7L Human (Fetus) = 8 oz Hummingbird = 1 oz Cockroach = 250uL

How Is Blood Volume An Accurate Reflection of Function Dictating Form?

Is there any real substitute for blood?

Advantages of Synthetic Blood?

Low # of blood donations worldwide

HIV/BSE risks

Lack of time to find compatible blood type

Higher oxygenation capacity

Religious objections to transfusions

ANATOMY OF BLOOD

Plasma

Formed Elements Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Component Percent

Water ~92

Proteins 6–8

Salts 0.8

Lipids 0.6

Glucose (blood sugar) 0.1

Composition of Plasma

Plasma FunctionsDissipation of HeatPlasma transports materials needed by cells and materials that must be removed from cells: Various physiologically important ions (Na+, Ca2+, etc. )

Glucose / simple carbohydrates Amino acids Organic acids Cholesterol / lipids Hormones (HGH, Adrenaline, Somatotropin) Urea / Nitrogenous Waste Antibodies

Antibodies Antibodies are proteins produced by the B cells of the immune system

Antibodies identify non-native cells due to the proteins on their cell membranes

Cells that do not belong are clumped together in a process called agglutination

Table Two: Distribution and Characteristics of Human Blood Factors

Blood Type

Distribution in

USA (%)

Antigen on Red Blood Cell

Antibody in

Serum Plasma

Will Clot with

Blood From These

Donors

Can Receive

From

Can Give to:

O 48 NoneAnti-A, Anti-B

A, B, AB

O All

A 42 A Anti-B B, AB A & O A & AB

B 7 B Anti-A A, AB B & O B & AB

AB 2 A & B None None All AB

Multiple Alleles & Paternity

FORMED ELEMENTS

Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Erythrocytes aka Red Blood Corpuscles

Anucleate

Biconcave

Carry oxygen or carbon dioxide bound to iron cations in four locations on the hemoglobin protein

Thrombocytes aka platelets Are used to physically and chemically close wounds

Diseases Associated With Anomalous Composition of the Formed Elements

LEUKEMIA APLASTIC ANEMIA IRON POOR BLOOD SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

How Do You Diagnose Blood Disorders?

Hematocrit