Blue cards

By Tyler jetton

1607

Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first

permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave the document credibility.

Mayflower Compact

Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule. A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in the colonies

Mercantilism

Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.The more gold and silver a nation has determine its

wealth

Slave Trade

System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted in the development of an agrarian society in the South

Triangular Trade Route

• Trade route from:Europe→AfricaAfrica→West IndiesWest Indies→Europe

Plantation System

• System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted in the development of an agrarian society

• in the South

House of Burgesses

• First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.

• Based on Parliament.

New England Colonies

Along the Atlantic Coast Subsistence farmingPoor soilCold climate• ForestsEconomic factors: raw materials, logging, fishing

shipbuilding• Political factors: town meetings, representative

government• Social factors: small coastal towns (Boston only large

city)• Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims

Middle Colonies

• Rich soil• Broad, deep rivers• More natural ports• River valleys• Mild winters• Raw materials• Economic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding• Political factors: more tolerance; diversity• Social factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore,

New York were large cities)• Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

Southern Colonies

• Appalachian Mountains• Navigable rivers• Richer soil• Warm climate• Raw materials• Economic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cotton• Political factors: more slaves, more class-based society• Social factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston

were large cities)• Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland),

more diverse

Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major Historical and Contemporary Events

• Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

• The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas.

• Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society

• Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida

Great Awakening

• Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s.• Preached personal salvation as opposed to the

Puritan beliefs of pre-destination.• JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known

preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.

• This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion. The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening

• • Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father• • 1706 – 1790• • Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book

helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

• • Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies

• • Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life

• • Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence

• William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.

• Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

Benjamin Franklin

• • Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War

• • Considered to be the “first civilized American”

• • Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove

William Penn

• Exploration and Colonization• Establishment of the 13 colonies• Representative Democracy• Mercantilism• Religious Freedom

Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America

• Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.

Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America

• Reasons for Colonization:• Religious freedom• Political freedom• Economic opportunity (mercantilism)• Social mobility

What are some reasons for European Exploration

• Curiosity• Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia

A better way of life

Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

• Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

• Political• Competition with Spain and France who

already had many colonies in North America• Increase trade and markets for English exports

(mercantilism)• Source of raw materials

Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

• Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

• • Seeking religious freedom• • Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs

Social reasons for establishingthe 13 English Colonies:

• Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

• Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life

• England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land

Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period

• Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order

• Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)

• Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American Colonies

• Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies.

• Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.

• Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government.

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period

• Slaves During the Colonial Period:• Political – no political voice; no rights• Economic – labor of the Plantation System;

considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents

• Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period

• Free Blacks During the Colonial Period:• Political – no political voice; limited /

restricted rights• Economic – low wage earners• Social – lowest social class; limited access to

education; socially isolated

Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization

• Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

• Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida