bluetooth presentation mridul

8/8/2019 Bluetooth Presentation MRIDUL

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GENERAL PROFICIENCY

ON

BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by:ELECTRONICS &

TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERINGGagan Jyoti Kalita

Roll No -- 139

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Himu KalitaRoll No -- 081

Himangshu SaudRoll No -- 076Mridul Barman

Roll No -- 085

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Acknowledgement:

We take this opportunity to express ourgratitude and thanks to the respected Head ofthe Department Electronics &Telecommunication,GIMT, Prof. Abhijit Nath forhis valuable technical suggestions andconstant encouragement, without which thisreport would not have come into existence.

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Introduction to Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a very simple type of wireless networking that canallow up to eight devices to be connected together in a mini-network. Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-rangecommunications technology intended to replace the cablesconnecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining highlevels of security. The key features of Bluetooth technology arerobustness, low power, and low cost. The Bluetooth Specificationdefines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect

and communicate with each other.

The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by JaapHaartsen and Sven Mattisson, who were working for EricssonMobile company .It is named for Harald Blaatand, the king ofDenmark (940-981) who united Denmark and Norway. Blaatandtranslated to Bluetooth in English.

It is very short range in operation, and so is considered to befor 'personal' networking. With a range typically under 30ft, thisallows enough distance to perhaps communicate across an office,

but not any further. It is a moderately slow type of networking, butit can transfer data sufficiently fast enough for most typicalapplications.

The concept behind Bluetooth is to provide a universal short-range wireless capability. Using the 2.4 GHz band, available

globally for unlicensed low-power (of the order of1mwatt) uses,two Bluetooth devices within 10 m of each other can share up to720 Kbps of capacity. Bluetooth is intended to support an open-ended list of applications, including data (such as schedules andtelephone numbers), audio, graphics, and even video. For example,audio devices can include headsets, cordless and standard phones,

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home stereos, and digital MP3 players.

Bluetooth Range

These are very low power (typically 1 mill watt - 1/1000th ofa watt) and have a range of about 10 m (33 ft). The currentdata rate is 1 Mbps with a 2.4-GHz bandwidth. WithBluetooth, short range is actually a benefit, because it reducesthe chance of interference between your Bluetooth devices andthose belonging to other people nearby.

Uses of Bluetooth

A limited, but growing number of devices use Bluetooth atpresent. Devices that are starting to have Bluetooth connectivitybuilt in include:

Digital cameras and camcorders

Printers Scanners Cell Phones PDAs Laptops

Bluetooth is a standard and a communications protocol primarilydesigned for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 100m, 10m and 1m, but ranges vary in practice;

see table below) based on low-cost transceivermicrochips in eachdevice. Bluetooth makes it possible for these devices tocommunicate with each other when they are in range. Because thedevices use a radio (broadcast) communications system, they donot have to be in line of sight of each other.

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Class

Maximum Permitted PowerRange

(approximate)

mW dBm

Class 1 100 mW 20 dBm ~100 metres

Class 2 2.5 mW 4 dBm ~10 metres

Class 3 1 mW 0 dBm ~1 metres

In most cases the effective range of class 2 devices is extended ifthey connect to a class 1 transceiver, compared to a pure class 2network. This is accomplished by the higher sensitivity andtransmission power of Class 1 devices.

Version Data Rate

Version 1.2 1 Mbit/s

Version 2.0 + EDR3 Mbit/s

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Working of Bluetooth Technology:

1)Uses frequency of 2.45 GHZ:

Bluetooth networking transmits data via low-power radiowaves. It communicates on a frequency of2.45 gigahertz (actually

between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz, to be exact). This frequencyband has been set aside by international agreement for the use ofindustrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM).

2)Low power requirement:

Bluetooth devices won't drainprecious battery life. Eachtransmission signal to and from cell phones consumes just 1milliwatt of power, so cell phone charge is virtually unaffected byall of this activity.

3)Connection establishment :

Unlike infra-red, Bluetooth does not require line-of-sightpositioning of connected units.When one Bluetooth product comeswithin range of another, they automatically exchange address andcapability details. They can then establish a 1 megabit/s link (up to2 Mbps in the second generation of the technology) with securityand error correction.

Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works

at two layers:

Physical layer or radio layer :

Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard. In this layer bluetoothconnection is established through radio wave.Here it uses

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frquency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)to avoid interferencefrom other devices or network i.e. each device changes itsmodulation frequency 1600 times per second.

Baseband layer:

Here products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many willbe sent at a time.The access method used in this technology isTDMA(Time Division Multiple Access).Here the primary andsecondary communicate with each other using time slots.Thelength of a time slot is exactly 625 micro sec.This means thatduring the time that one frequency is used,a primary sends a frame

to a secondary,or a secondary sends a frame to a primary.

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Bluetooth Security

In any wireless networking setup, security is a concern. Devices

can easily grab radio waves out of the air, so people who sendsensitive information over a wireless connection need to take

precautions to make sure those signals aren't intercepted. Bluetoothtechnology is no different -- it's wireless and therefore susceptibleto spying and remote access.

Bluetooth offers several security modes, and device manufacturersdetermine which mode to include in a Bluetooth-enabled gadget. In

almost all cases, Bluetooth users can establish "trusted devices"that can exchange data without asking permission. When any otherdevice tries to establish a connection to the user's gadget, the userhas to decide to allow it. Service-level security and device-levelsecurity work together to protect Bluetooth devices fromunauthorized data transmission. Security methods includeauthorization and identification procedures that limit the use ofBluetooth services to the registered user and require that users

make a conscious decision to open a file or accept a data transfer.As long as these measures are enabled on the user's phone or otherdevice, unauthorized access is unlikely. A user can also simplyswitch his Bluetooth mode to "non-discoverable" and avoidconnecting with other Bluetooth devices entirely. If a user makesuse of the Bluetooth network primarily for synching devices athome, this might be a good way to avoid any chance of a security

breach while in public.

Still, early cell-phone virus writers have taken advantage ofBluetooth's automated connection process to send out infectedfiles. However, since most cell phones use a secure Bluetoothconnection that requires authorization and authentication beforeaccepting data from an unknown device, the infected file typically

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doesn't get very far. When the virus arrives in the user's cell phone,the user has to agree to open it and then agree to install it. This has,so far, stopped most cell-phone viruses from doing much damage.

Other problems like "bluejacking," "bluebugging" and "CarWhisperer" have turned up as Bluetooth-specific security issues.Bluejacking involves Bluetooth users sending a business card (justa text message, really) to other Bluetooth users within a 10-meter(32-foot) radius. If the user doesn't realize what the message is, hemight allow the contact to be added to his address book, and thecontact can send him messages that might be automatically opened

because they're coming from a known contact. Bluebugging is

more of a problem, because it allows hackers to remotely access auser's phone and use its features, including placing calls andsending text messages, and the user doesn't realize it's happening.The Car Whisperer is a piece of software that allows hackers tosend audio to and receive audio from a Bluetooth-enabled carstereo. Like a computer security hole, these vulnerabilities are aninevitable result of technological innovation, and devicemanufacturers are releasing firmware upgrades that address new

problems as they arise.

Bluetooth signals can be easily intercepted, as can any other typeof wireless signal. So, the Bluetooth specification calls for theuse of built in security to discourage eavesdrooping andattempts to falsify the origin of messages, which is calledspoofing. Specifically, link-level security features areavailable that implement authentication and encryption.

Authentication prevents spoofing and unwanted access to criticaldata and functions, while encryption protects link privacy.However, in providing link-level authentication andencryption, enforcing security at only these levels inhibitsuser-friendly access to more public-oriented usage models,such as discovering services and exchanging virtual business

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cards. To meet these differing demands, the Bluetoothspecification defines three security modes that cover thefunctionality and application of devices.

Security modes: Mode 1 refers to the absence of security and isused when the devices have no critical applications. In thismode, the devices bypass the link-level security functions,making them suitable for accessing data bases containing non-sensitive information. The automatic exchange of businesscards and calendars are typical examples of non-secure datatransfers.

Mode 2 provides service-level security, allowing formore versatile access procedures, especially for running

parallel applications which may each have a different securityrequirement. Mode 3 provides link-level security, whereby theLink Manager(LM) enforces security at a common level for allapplications at the time of connection setup. Although lessflexible, this mode enforces a common security level, and it iseasier to implement than Mode 2.

Bluejacking :

Bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetoothto Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs orlaptop computers, sending a vCard which typically contains amessage in the name field (i.e., for blue dating or blue chat) toanother bluetooth enabled device via the OBEX protocol.

Bluebugging :

Bluebugging is a form of Bluetooth attack often caused by a lackof personal security and carelessness. In progession of discoverydate to society, bluetooth attacks were first seen with the advent of

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bluejacking, followed by bluesnarfing, and as this article will gointo more detail, Bluebugging.

Bluebugging was first discovered by the German researcher namedHerfurt. His Bluebug program allowed the user to ultimately takecontrol of a victim's phone, which, in turn could be used to call theuser's phone. In other words, this meant that the Bluebug usercould simply listen to any conversation his/her victim was havingin real life/time. In addition, this program allowed for the ability tocreate a call forwarding application whereby the user could receivecalls intended for his/her victim.

Bluesnarfing

Bluesnarfing is the unauthorized access of information from awireless device through a Bluetooth connection, often between

phones, desktops, laptops, and PDAs. This allows access to acalendar, contact list, emails and text messages and on some

phones users can copy pictures and private videos. Currentlyavailable programs must allow connection and to be 'paired' toanother phone to copy content. There may be other programs thatcan break into the phones without any control, but if they existthey are not made publicly available by the developer. Oneinstance of Bluesnarfing software that was demonstrated (but nevermade available for download) utilised weaknesses in the Bluetoothconnection of some phones. This weakness has since been patched

by the Bluetooth standard. There seem to be no available reports ofphones being Bluesnarfed without pairing, since the patching ofthe Bluetooth standard.

Bluesnarfing is much more serious than bluejacking, but both

exploit others' Bluetooth connections without their knowledge.Any device with its Bluetooth connection turned on and set to"discoverable" (able to be found by other Bluetooth devices inrange) may be susceptible to Bluejacking, and possibly toBluesnarfing when and if Bluesnarfing of the current Bluetoothsecurity becomes possible. By turning off this feature, the potential

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victim can be safer from the possibility of being Bluesnarfed;although a device that is set to "hidden" may be Bluesnarfable byguessing the device's MAC address viabrute force.

Competing Technologies

Besides Bluetooth many other technologies exist like IrDA, HomeRF (SWAP) that provide similar or related services. A quickglance into their scope and properties would help putting all ofthese into perspective. Lets look at the features of Bluetooth first

Operates in the 2.56 GHZ ISM(industrial, scientific &medical) band which is globally available

Uses FHSS Can support up to 8 devices in a piconet Omni-directional, non line of sight transmission through

walls 10m to 100m range Low cost, $20 1mW power Extended range with external power amplifier (100 meters)

1) IrDA

IrDA is an international organization that creates and promotes interoperable, low-cost infrared datainterconnection standards. IrDA has a set of protocolscovering all layers of data transfer and in addition has some

network management and interoperability designs. IrDAprotocols have IrDA DATA as the vehicle for data deliveryand IrDA CONTROL for sending the controlinformation.

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Features:

Range: From contact to at least 1metre. Can be extended to 2meters. A low power version relaxes the range objective for

operation from contact through at least 20 cm between lowpower devices and 30 cm between low power and standardpower devices. This implementation affords 10 times less power consumption. These parameters are termed therequired maximum ranges by certain classes of IrDA featureddevices and sets the end user expectation for discovery,recognition and performance.

Bi-directional communication is the basis of all specifications

Data transmission from 9600 b/s with primary speed/coststeps of 115 kb/s and maximum speed up to 4 Mb/s Data packets are protected using a CRC (CRC-16 for speeds

up to 1.152Mb/s and CRC-32 at 4 Mb/s).

IrDA vs Bluetooth

If one examines the benefits of each technology, it can be can seenthat Bluetooth and IrDA are both critical to the marketplace. Eachtechnology has advantages and drawbacks and neither can meet allusers' needs. Bluetooth's ability to penetrate solid objects and itscapability for maximum mobility within the piconet allows for dataexchange applications that are very difficult or impossible withIrDA. For example, with Bluetooth a person could synchronizetheir phone with a PC without taking the phone out of their pocket

or purse (this is not possible with IrDA). The omni-directionalcapability of Bluetooth allows synchronization to start when the

phone is brought into range of the PC.

The Bluetooth standard defines the layers 1 and 2 of the OSImodel. The application framework of Bluetooth is aimed to

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achieve interoperability with IrDA and WAP. In addition, a host ofother applications will be able to use the Bluetooth technology and

protocols.

2) HOME RF

The HomeRF is a subset of the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) who is working on thedevelopment of a standard for inexpensive RF voice and datacommunication. Currently, the HomeRF Working Groupspecification provides for wireless Ethernet transmission.

Range: Maximum 40 meters Data rates of 1.2Mbps

The HomeRF Working Group has also developed the SharedWireless Access Protocol (SWAP). SWAP is a industryspecification that permits PCs, peripherals, cordless telephones andother devices to communicate voice and data without the usage ofcables.

Features:

operates in the 2.45 GHz range of the unlicensed ISM band Range: upto 150 feet employs frequency hopping at 50 hops per second It supports both a TDMA service to provide delivery of

interactive voice and CSMA/CA service for delivery of highspeed data packets

The network is capable of supporting upto 127 nodes Transmission Power : 100mW Data Rate : 1Mbps using 2FSK modulation and 2 Mbps using

4 FSK modulation Voice connections : upto 6 full duplex conversations

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Data Security : Blowfish encryption algorithm (over 1 trillioncodes)

SWAP vs Bluetooth

Currently SWAP has more installed base compared to Bluetoothbut it is believed that Bluetooth is eventually going to prevail.Bluetooth is a technology to connect devices without cables. Theintended use is to provide short-range connections between mobiledevices and to the Internet via bridging devices to differentnetworks (wired and wireless) that provide Internet capability.HomeRF SWAP is a wireless technology optimized for the home

environment. Its primary use is to provide data networking and dialtones between devices such as PCs, cordless phones, Web Tabletsand a broadband cable or DSL modem. Both technologies sharethe same frequency spectrum but do not interfere when operatingin the same space.

A quick glance comparison between these technologies ispresented below.

Peak

DataRate

RangeRelative

Cost

Voice

networksupport

Data

networksupport

IEEE

802.112 Mbps 50m Medium Via IP TCP / IP

IrDA16Mbps

< 2m Low Via IP Via PPP

Bluetooth 1 Mbps < 10m MediumVia IP andcellular

Via PPP

HomeRF1.6Mbps

50m MediumVia IP andPSTN

TCP / IP

WI-FI vs Bluetooth

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Wi-Fi is a traditional Ethernet network, and requires configurationto set up shared resources, transmit files, and to set up audio links(for example, headsets and hands-free devices). Wi-Fi uses thesame radio frequencies as Bluetooth, but with higher power,

resulting in a stronger connection. Wi-Fi is sometimes called"wireless Ethernet." This description is accurate, as it also providesan indication of its relative strengths and weaknesses. Wi-Firequires more setup but is better suited for operating full-scalenetworks; it enables a faster connection, better range from the basestation, and better security than Bluetooth.

The nearest equivalent in Bluetooth is the DUN profile, which

allows devices to act as modem interfaces.Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have many applications in today's offices,homes, and on the move: setting up networks, printing, ortransferring presentations and files from PDAs to computers. Bothare versions of unlicensed wireless technology.

Wi-Fi is intended for resident equipment and its applications. Thecategory of applications is outlined as WLAN, the wireless local

area networks. Wi-Fi is intended as a replacement for cabling forgeneral local area networkaccess in work areas.

Bluetooth is intended for non resident equipment and itsapplications. The category of applications is outlined as thewireless personal area network (WPAN). Bluetooth is areplacement for cabling in a variety of personally carriedapplications in any ambience.

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Specifications and features

The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by JaapHaartsen and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson in

Lund, Sweden.[13] The specification is based on frequency-hoppingspread spectrum technology.

The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth SpecialInterest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May20, 1998. Today it has a membership of over 12,000 companiesworldwide. It was established by Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba,andNokia, and later joined by many other companies.

Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B

Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and manufacturers haddifficulty making their products interoperable. Versions 1.0 and1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address(BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process (renderinganonymity impossible at the protocol level), which was a majorsetback for certain services planned for use in Bluetooth

environments.

Bluetooth 1.1

Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002[14]

Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed. Added support for non-encrypted channels. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).

Bluetooth 1.2

This version is backward compatible with 1.1 and the majorenhancements include the following:

Faster Connection and Discovery

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Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum (AFH), whichimproves resistance to radio frequency interference byavoiding the use of crowded frequencies in the hoppingsequence.

Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbit/s, thanin 1.1.

Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improvevoice quality of audio links by allowing retransmissions ofcorrupted packets, and may optionally increase audio latencyto provide better support for concurrent data transfer.

Host Controller Interface (HCI) support for three-wireUART.

Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005[15]

Introduced Flow Control and Retransmission Modes forL2CAP.

Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR

This version of the Bluetooth specification was released on

November 10, 2004. It is backward compatible with the previousversion 1.2. The main difference is the introduction of anEnhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominalrate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second, although the practicaldata transfer rate is 2.1 megabits per second.[16] The additionalthroughput is obtained by using a different radio technology fortransmission of the data. Standard, or Basic Rate, transmission usesGaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation of the radio

signal with a gross air data rate of 1 Mbit/s. EDR uses acombination of GFSK and Phase Shift Keying modulation (PSK)with two variants, /4-DQPSKand 8DPSK. These have gross airdata rates of 2, and 3 Mbit/s respectively.[17]

According to the 2.0 + EDR specification, EDR provides thefollowing benefits:

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Three times the transmission speed (2.1 Mbit/s) in somecases.

Reduced complexity of multiple simultaneous connectionsdue to additional bandwidth.

Lower power consumption through a reduced duty cycle.

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) published thespecification as "Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR" which implies that EDR isan optional feature. Aside from EDR, there are other minorimprovements to the 2.0 specification, and products may claimcompliance to "Bluetooth 2.0" without supporting the higher datarate. At least one commercial device, the HTC TyTN Pocket PC

phone, states "Bluetooth 2.0 without EDR" on its data sheet.

[18]

Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR

Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is fully backwardcompatible with 1.2, and was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG onJuly 26, 2007.[17] It supports theoretical data transfer speeds of upto 3 Mbit/s. This specification includes the following features:

Extended inquiry response (EIR)Provides more information during the inquiry procedure toallow better filtering of devices before connection. Thisinformation may include the name of the device, a list ofservices the device supports, the transmission power levelused for inquiry responses, and manufacturer defined data.

Sniff subratingReduces the power consumption when devices are in the snifflow-power mode, especially on links with asymmetric dataflows. Human interface devices (HID) are expected to benefitthe most, with mouse and keyboard devices increasing their

battery life by a factor of 3 to 10.[citation needed] It lets devicesdecide how long they will wait before sending keepalivemessages to one another. Previous Bluetoothimplementations featured keep alive message frequencies of

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Using this feature L2CAP may support both isochronous(A2DP media Streaming) and asynchronous data flows(AVRCP Commands) over the same logical link by marking

packets as automatically-flushable or non-automatically-

flushable by setting the appropriate value for thePacket_Boundary_Flag in the HCI ACL Data Packet

Bluetooth 3.0 + HS

The 3.0 + HS specification[17] was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG onApril 21, 2009. It supports theoretical data transfer speeds of up to24 Mbit/s. Its main new feature is AMP (Alternate MAC/PHY),the addition of 802.11 as a high speed transport. Two technologieshad been anticipated for AMP: 802.11 and UWB, but UWB ismissing from the specification.[22]

Alternate MAC/PHYEnables the use of alternative MAC and PHYs fortransporting Bluetooth profile data. The Bluetooth Radio isstill used for device discovery, initial connection and profileconfiguration, however when lots of data needs to be sent,

the high speed alternate MAC PHY (802.11, typicallyassociated with Wi-Fi) will be used to transport the data. Thismeans that the proven low power connection models ofBluetooth are used when the system is idle, and the low

power per bit radios are used when lots of data needs to besent.

Unicast connectionless dataPermits service data to be sent without establishing an

explicit L2CAP channel. It is intended for use by applicationsthat require low latency between andreconnection/transmission of data. This is only appropriatefor small amounts of data.

Read encryption key size

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Introduces a standard HCI command for a Bluetooth host toquery the encryption key size on an encrypted ACL link. Theencryption key size used on a link is required for the SIMAccess Profile, so generally Bluetooth controllers provided

this feature in a proprietary manner. Now the information isavailable over the standard HCI interface.

Enhanced Power ControlUpdates the power control feature to remove the open loop

power control, and also to clarify ambiguities in powercontrol introduced by the new modulation schemes added forEDR. Enhanced power control removes the ambiguities byspecifying the behaviour that is expected. The feature also

adds closed loop power control, meaning RSSI filtering canstart as the response is received. Additionally, a "go straightto maximum power" request has been introduced, this isexpected to deal with the headset link loss issue typicallyobserved when a user puts their phone into a pocket on theopposite side to the headset.

Bluetooth V4.0 (low energy protocols)

Main article: Bluetooth low energy

On December 17, 2009, the Bluetooth SIG published the adoptionof Bluetooth low energy wireless technology as the hallmarkfeature of the Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0[23]. Chipshipments are anticipated to follow closely behind. The firstBluetooth low energy enabled products should be available in2010.

On April 20, 2009, Bluetooth SIG presented the new Bluetoothlow energy technology as an entirely additional protocol stack,compatible with other existing Bluetooth protocol stacks. The

preceding naming as Wibree and Bluetooth ULP (Ultra LowPower) has been replaced by the adopted name of Bluetooth lowenergy technology.

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On June 12, 2007, Nokia and Bluetooth SIG had announced thatWibree will be a part of the Bluetooth specification, as an ultra-low

power Bluetooth technology.[24] Expected use cases includewatches displaying Caller ID information, sports sensors

monitoring the wearer's heart rate during exercise, and medicaldevices. The Medical Devices Working Group is also creating amedical devices profile and associated protocols to enable thismarket. Bluetooth low energy technology is designed for devicesto have a battery life of up to one year.

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Future of Bluetooth Technology

Because it meets the basic needs of connectivity in close range,

Bluetooth has a very bright future ahead of it. Bluetooth is actuallythe result of initiatives from nine leading communications andcomputer industry giants, including 3-COM, Sony, Lucent, IBM,

Nokia, Microsoft, and more!

Since the forming of the original group, more than 1,800manufacturers around the world have joined the initiative.According to reports, the Bluetooth technology is expected to be

built into more than 100 million devices, with over 670 million

enabled Bluetooth devices.

Resulting from the amazing success of WAP (Wireless ApplicationProtocol), the adoption of smart phones and hand held devices,Bluetooth can easily have an amazing impact on your day to daylife. Bluetooth is one of the key technologies that can help to makethe mobile information society happen, by blurring the possibilities

between home, the office, and the outside world.

The seamless integration and connectivity that Bluetooth promiseswill make it possible to explore a wide range of interactive andhighly transparent personalized services which were actually quitedifficult to dream of simply because of the complexity involvedwith making such devices communicate with each other.

Many Bluetooth pilot products have already been rolled into the

market and backed by big vendors, which is a healthy sign for theoverall acceptance of the technology. The support for Bluetooth isnot limited to companies that develop only Bluetooth enabled

products.

The applications for Bluetooth can have great impacts on other

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industries as well. The adoption of Bluetooth technology isexpected to spread throughout the industry of computers.

Unlike infrared technology, Bluetooth is used by many different

wireless devices. Bluetooth offers exceptional quality for shortrange wireless, even going through walls and obstructions. Whileinfrared is the biggest competitor at this time, Bluetooth farsurpasses it, proving to millions that it is the wirelesscommunication technology of the present day and age.

In the beginning, Bluetooth started with version 1.0, then graduallymoved from there. The current version is 2.0+EDR, with another

version currently in development. The technology behind theBluetooth specification always getting better and better, which iswhy it's so popular.

In the future, you can expect the technology behind Bluetooth toget better. Bluetooth has proven to be the wireless standard of thefuture, offering you wireless connectability for hundreds ofdifferent devices. For cell phones or other forms of wireless

connections, Bluetooth is the one technology that you don't want tofind yourself without.

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Advantages:

Widely Used: Bluetooth is now really popular and keeps getting

more popular as time passes by. It is now widely used acrosscountries and almost by everyone. Companies are taking thebenefit by using this in their new and future products to make lifemuch easier for everyone. We can use Bluetooth on laptops, cell

phones, music players, headsets, printers and a lot more otherproducts.

Feature Simplicity: We do not need to know much abouttechnology in order to run Bluetooth. Anyone that doesnt have no

knowledge about the new technology can still be able to use theBluetooth feature due to its simplicity and the ease of use. Wethink that the simplicity of it and the fact that it's wire free makes itvery widely used and utmost popular.

Free of Charge: Best of all, we do not have to pay a penny for theservice! It's not an extra cell phone or cable bill that we have to addto your budget. Simply by the technology and we're done! All we

need to do is connect it with what we are using. There hasn't beenany reporting lately on companies charging a monthly fee or anyfee for people to use the Bluetooth feature

Go Wireless!: It allows us to stay cord free and do not have toworry about finding the correct place to connect that extra longcord. Avoid having to have a ton of cords wherever we go. Wecan also go to the internet wirelessly with this feature when we're

out somewhere outside of our home.

Data Privacy: Even though we are able to exchange data across ourcell phones, we still have the ability to keep your information

private. In order to make a transfer or allow someone to access thefiles on your phone, we will have to give them access by accepting

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or rejecting the request through our phone.

Disadvantages:

Battery Use: This occurs mostly on the cell phone but also occursin other technology such as music players. We're using up more

battery power when we leave our Bluetooth enabled on our phoneall day. To disregard all this, the best thing that we can possibly dois disable it once we are completed with the transfer. It only takesa few seconds to enable and disable so it wouldn't hurt to disable itonce we are done using it.

Bluetooth Internet: Throughout all devices, when using Bluetoothinternet, the connection can sometimes run very slow so Bluetoothinternet is not highly suggested for all cases.

As you can notice that there are quite a bit of advantages and fewerdisadvantages. Overall, Bluetooth is a great thing to be using on allyour devices that supports it. You can do so much with it andincludes cutting all the cords attached to your devices.

Applications:

Bluetooth has a tremendous potential in moving and synchronizinginformation in a localized setting. Potential for Bluetoothapplications is huge, because we transact business andcommunicate more with people who are close by than with those

who are far away - a natural phenomenon of human interaction.The following list represents only a small set of potentialapplications - in future many more imaginative applications willcome along

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The Bluetooth technology connects all our office peripheralswirelessly. We can connect our PC or notebook to printers,scanners and faxes without the troublesome cableattachments.

If our digital cameras in Bluetooth enabled, we can send stillor video images from any location to any location.

Bluetooth allows three-way phones. At home, our phonefunctions as a portable phone (fixed line charge). When weare on the move, it functions as a mobile phone (cellularcharge). And when our phone comes within range of anothermobile phone with built-in Bluetooth wireless technology itfunctions as a walkie-talkie (no telephony charge).

We can connect our wireless headset to our mobile phone,mobile computer or any wired connection to keep our handsfree for more important tasks when we are at the office or inour car

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Conclusion:

Bluetooth wireless technology is a specification designed to enablewireless communication between small,mobile devices.The

inspiration behind this technology was the concept to eliminate theneed for proprietary cables,which are currently required to enabledevice connectivity. For instance,in order to transfer images from adigital camera to a laptop PC, a cable is needed in order to connectthe camera to the laptop.Each camera manufacturer and model hasa different cable requirement.In fact every hand held devicemanufactured,which allows connectivity with a PC,has a differentcable configuration.Imagine a scenario in which both the laptop PC

and the digital camera use Bluetooth wireless technology.In thiscase there is no need for cables to transfer data betweendevices.Expanding that idea to include all hand held mobileelectronic devices is, in a nutshell, the Bluetooth wirelesstechnology vision.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1) Data Communications & Networking, Behrouz A Forouzan.

2) www.wikipedia.com.

3) www.google.com.
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/

bluetooth presentation mridul

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