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ESPRIT 09

THEARISTROCRATPRELIM-ROUND

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TATA

NANOTUBEWALKING TOWARDS A BETTER WORLD

By,

Roshan Raju George

Team: PHOEBE

Event: Best Manager

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Company profile

About us (R&D)

Solar energy

o Current scenario(India)

Carbon Nano tube

o What is Nanotube?

o Proof (experimental)

Procurement

Usage

Discharge

Market Analysis

Human Resources

Finance Aspect

For a better world

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Introduction

Tata Sons

Tata companies operate in seven business sectors: communications andinformation technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumerproducts and chemicals. They are, by and large, based in India and have significantinternational operations. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was$70.8 Billion in 2008-09, with 64.7 per cent of this coming from business outsideIndia, and they employ around 357,000 people worldwide. The Tata name has been

respected in India for 140 years for its adherence to strong values and businessethics.

Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of thesecompanies has its own board of directors and shareholders, to whom it isanswerable. There are 27 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they have a combinedmarket capitalization of some $60 billion, and a shareholder base of 3.5 million.The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata BP Solar, Tata Motors, TataConsultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Tea, Indian Hotelsand Tata Communications.

Founded by Jaksetic Tata in 1868, Tatas early years were inspired by the spirit ofnationalism. It pioneered several industries of national importance in India: steel,power, hospitality and airlines. In more recent times, its pioneering spirit has beenshowcased by companies such as TCS, Indias first software company, and Tata

Motors, which made Indias first indigenously developed car, the Indica, in 1998and recently unveiled the worlds lowest-cost car, the Tata Nano.

Tata companies have always believed in returning wealth to the society they serve.Two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons, the Tata promoter company, is held byphilanthropic trusts that have created national institutions for science andtechnology, medical research, social studies and the performing arts. The trustsalso provide aid and assistance to non-government organizations working in theareas of education, healthcare and livelihoods. Tata companies also extend socialwelfare activities to communities around their industrial units. The combined

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development-related expenditure of the trusts and the companies amounts toaround 4 per cent of the net profits of all the Tata companies taken together.

Going forward, Tata is focusing on new technologies and innovation to drive itsbusiness in India and internationally. The Nano car is one example, as is the Ekasupercomputer (developed by another Tata company), which in 2008 was rankedthe worlds fourth fastest.

The recent venture by Tata is in the field of solar energy where Tata incollaboration with BP are in the process of developing Carbon Nano tube whichhas the capacity of storing solar energy more efficiently than the silicon wafers.Anchored in India and wedded to traditional values and strong ethics, Tatacompanies are building multinational businesses that will achieve growth throughexcellence and innovation, while balancing the interests of shareholders,

employees and civil society.

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Company Profile

Tata BP Solar

BACKGROUND

Established in 1989, Tata BP Solar is a Joint Venture between Tata PowerCompany, a pioneer in the power sector and BP Solar one of the largest SolarCompanies in the world Over the years, Tata BP Solar has built on this rich lineageto become one of the largest Solar Companies in Asia.

Tata BP Solar uses state-of-the-art technology to offer high quality, innovativesolar solutions that cater to the needs of individual customers, large institutions aswell as entire communities.

Tata BP Solar has a fully integrated Solar Manufacturing Plant, including Cell Manufacture,Module Assembly and Balance of Systems (BOS), all at one site. The design and integration ofPCU, Charge Controller and related electronics as well as the integration of the rest of BOS inthe facility, makes it a complete Solar Solution Provider.

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The company would be adding 128 MW to its capacity in mid 2009 toaugment the capacity to 180 MW. This is a part of its mega expansionplan to ultimately realize a manufacturing capacity of 300 MW by2012.

Tata BP Solar's ModuleManufacturing Facility is one of thelargest of its kind in the world!With the addition of 60 MW in2007, the manufacturing capacityhas been enhanced to 105 MW.

Tata BP Solar not only caters toIndian markets and the SAARCRegion, but also supplements BPSolar's requirement all over theworld. It also provides back-officeengineering support and technologydevelopment support to BP Solar.

Current Portfolio

Tata BP Solar provides customized solar solutions that illuminate homes, streets

and communities; pump water to thirsty fields and heat water for residential and

commercial applications. It also provides reliable and cost-effective solar power to

wide-ranging sectors from education and banking to healthcare and

telecommunications. Specialist applications include Solar Power Systems for

Railway Signaling Systems and Offshore Platforms.

Solar Road Safety Aids and Building Integrated Photovoltaics also form part of theTata BP Solar offerings. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules can be

used as a substitute for glass in buildings to generate power. Tata BP Solar was, in

fact, the first in India to design, engineer and market BIPV.

Tata BP Solar is planning several strategic diversifications to complement and

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augment its current product mix, which will be in harmony with the policy of being

market leaders in Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Systems through constant

quality improvement, innovation and customer satisfaction.

Strong Financials

Despite an acute, industry-wide silicon shortage, the global Solar PV Industry is

poised to continue its rapid growth in years to come. Reflecting this global

optimism is Tata BP Solar. Its Sales History has been dramatic

Awards

Sl.No Year Award Won

1 2008 ICAI award for Excellence in Financial Reporting2 2008 Enertia Project Management award for Rural Electrification of

Chattisgarh3 2008 Golden Peacock Award for Occupational Safety and Health.4 2002-07 First Prize for Solar Water Manufacturer instituted by Ministry of

New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).5 2005-06 ESC export award for Electronic components in the non- Small

Scale Industries(SSI) category6 2005 Gold Award in the Engineering Category of the Indian

Manufacturing Excellence Award (IMEA) 2, instituted by Frost& Sullivan

Sl.no Year Turn over

1. 1991-92 Rs.16 million

2. 2007-08 Rs.9098 million

3. Exports (1994-95) Rs.1 million

4. Exports (2007-08) Rs.6415 million

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About Us (R&D)

Tata BP Solar have the potential to provide the world with tens of thousands of

megawatts of clean, renewable, cost-competitive power beginning in the next few

years. With the development of Carbon nanotube the requirement for expertise in

the specific technical area has increased and to meet this requirement we have

combined the concentrating solar power departments of our existing divisions

Our labs are a virtual laboratory created through cooperation, communication, and

teamwork. A single management team consisting of managers from both labs

provides day-to-day direction of program activities. Together with the

management, they formulate a long-term vision for the program, develop yearly

operating plans, and negotiate cooperative agreements with the programs

industrial partners.

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Solar Energy

Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that has been harnessed byhumans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solarradiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power,hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energyon Earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used.

Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solardepending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solartechniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors (with

electrical or mechanical equipment) to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passivesolar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials withfavorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces thatnaturally circulate air.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ionizing_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_solarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ionizing_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light

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Current Scenario (India)

INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO

INDIA IS A COUNTRY OCCUPYING 2% OF THE WORLD'S LAND MASS

AND CURRENTLY GENERATIN about 2% of the global electricity, mostly

using low grade coal of which it has about 5% of the world reserves. India has,

however a share of 16% in the world's population. To achieve a modestly high

level of economic growth, the domestic generation capacity needs to be increased

at least tenfold, to about 900 GW. Even with full utilization of all existing

commercially exploitable domestic hydrocarbon, hydroelectric and non-

conventional resources, this level of increased generation capacity cannot besustained for more than a few decades. For a large country like India, bulk imports

of fuel or energy are neither affordable nor strategically prudent. To meet energy

demand solar power can play an important role.

India is both densely populated and has high solar insolation, providing an idealcombination for solar power in India. Much of the country does not have anelectric grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water

pumping, to begin replacing India's four to five million diesel powered waterpumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some largeprojects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km area of the Thar Desert has been setaside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gigawatts.

India, the world's second-most populous country, is facing a looming energy crisis.Soaring oil prices, and continued dependence on a few countries for oil, has led tothe use of renewable energy sources to secure energy. Given that this is a tropical

country rich in sunlight, solar energy offers the most practicable solution toovercoming growing energy demand. The daily average solar energy incident overIndia varies from 4-7 kWh per square meter, depending upon the location. At thecurrent pace of 20 percent annual growth, India could emerge as the fourth largestmarket for solar energy after Germany, Japan and China in the coming years.

http://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Deserthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thar_Deserthttp://electro-scope.blogspot.com/2007/08/indian-energy-scenario.html

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Carbon Nanotube

What is carbon nanotube?

Carbon nanotubes are fullerene-related structures which consist of graphenecylinders closed at either end with caps containing pentagonal rings. Examples ofNanotubes are Single-layer nanotubes and nanotube "ropes" and nanohorns.Carbon nanotubes, therefore, are rolled-up sheets of graphite - i.e. the samematerial that is used in pencils. A sheet of graphite is composed of carbon atomsarranged in a flat hexagonal pattern similar to chicken wire mesh.

Theoretical models have predicted that nanotubes could behave as ideal one-

dimensional quantum wires with either semi conducting or metallic behaviours.

Study of Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) images, however, hasindicated that the nanotubes also incorporate kinks and defects into their walls.

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Nanotubes can be metals or semiconductors, and because of their strong chemical

bonds and satisfied valences, the materials boast high thermal, mechanical, and

chemical stability. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be efficient conductors as a

result of their tiny diameters, long lengths, and defect-free structures that make

them idea one-dimensional systems.

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Proof (Experimental)

We are not only looking at a new material, but we actually put it into anapplication -- a true solar cell device.

Our researchers used a single-walled carbon nanotube, which is essentially arolled-up sheet of graphene, to create their solar cell. About the size of a DNAmolecule, the nanotube was wired between two electrical contacts and close to twoelectrical gates, one negatively and one positively charged. Their work wasinspired in part by previous research in which scientists created a diode, which is asimple transistor that allows current to flow in only one direction, using a single-walled nanotube. Our team wanted to see what would happen if they builtsomething similar, but this time shined light on it.

Shining lasers of different colors onto different areas of the nanotube, they foundthat higher levels of photon energy had a multiplying effect on how much electricalcurrent was produced.

Further study revealed that the narrow, cylindrical structure of the carbon nanotubecaused the electrons to be neatly squeezed through one by one. The electronsmoving through the nanotube became excited and created new electrons thatcontinued to flow. The nanotube, they discovered, may be a nearly idealphotovoltaic cell because it allowed electrons to create more electrons by utilizing

the spare energy from the light.

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This is unlike today's solar cells, in which extra energy is lost in the form of heat,and the cells require constant external cooling.

Though they have made a device, scaling it up to be inexpensive and reliablewould be a serious challenge for engineers.

"What we've observed is that the physics is there," he said.

Our research was supported by Cornell's Center for Nanoscale Systems and the

Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, both National Science

Foundation facilities, as well as the Microelectronics Advanced Research

Corporation Focused Research Center on Materials, Structures and Devices.

Research collaborators also included Zhaohui Zhong, of the University ofMichigan, and Ken Bosnick, of the National Institute for Nanotechnology at

University of Alberta.

Nanoelectronics has witnessed a shift towards molecular systems in recent years.

Though the term molecular electronic is rather an old one, it is only recently that

single molecules have become the focus of interest, as nanoelectronic start to

surface. This was triggered by research on carbon nanotubes. But before the carbon

nanotubes entered the scene, molecular electronic was the science of organic

polymers, their synthesis, processing and doping. With carbon nanotubes, we

finally have a model system at hand that is equally of interest for chemists,

material scientists and physicists. However, carbon nanotubes are supramolecular

objects for a chemist; they are one-dimensional solids for a physicist. In the future,

more of this supramolecular structure will be studied on a single molecule level.

Wires are not possible for use in nanoelectronic, because they are susceptible to

thinning and breakage. Despite recent interest in carbon nanotubes, they have

variable electronic properties, depending on their orientation, reducing their

functionality as electrical conductors.

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Procurement

The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by AbrahamGottlob Werner in 1789 from the Greek (graphein): "to draw/write", for itsuse in pencils, where it is commonly called lead, as distinguished from the actualmetallic element lead. Unlike diamond (another carbon allotrope), graphite is anelectrical conductor, a semimetal, and can be used, for instance, in the electrodes ofan arc lamp. Graphite holds the distinction of being the most stable form of carbonunder standard conditions. Therefore, it is used in thermochemistry as the standardstate for defining the heat of formation of carbon compounds. Graphite may beconsidered the highest grade ofcoal, just above anthracite and alternatively called

meta-anthracite, although it is not normally used as fuel because it is hard to ignite.

There are three principal types of natural graphite, each occurring in different typesofore deposit:

1. Crystalline flake graphite (or flake graphite for short) occurs as isolated, flat,plate-like particles with hexagonal edges if unbroken and when broken theedges can be irregular or angular;

2. Amorphous graphite occurs as fine particles and is the result ofthermalmetamorphism of coal, the last stage of coalification, and is sometimescalled meta-anthracite. Very fine flake graphite is sometimes calledamorphous in the trade;

3. Lump graphite (also called vein graphite) occurs in fissure veins or fracturesand appears as massive platy intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystallineaggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin.

Minerals associated with graphite include quartz, calcite, micas, iron meteorites,

and tourmalines. China is usually the top producer of graphite, followed by Indiaand Brazil. In India we have large amounts of graphite deposits near Devgad Bariain Pancmahals District of Gujarat State.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Wernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Wernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semimetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_metamorphismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_metamorphismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_%28composite%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmalinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoritehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_%28composite%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vein_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_metamorphismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_metamorphismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_lamphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semimetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Wernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Gottlob_Wernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

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First preparing graphite oxide from graphite in a mixture of concentrated sulfuricacid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate, then treated the resulting

colloidal dispersion of functionalized graphite oxide with phenyl isocyanate. Theprocess adds hydrophobic chemical groups to the surfaces of the sheets, makingdispersion within commercial polymers and with common organic solventspossible.

The researchers found that the percentage of graphene in a polymer needed toachieve conductivityjust 0.1%is the lowest in any polymer composite (asidefrom nanotube composites) and, at a loading of 2.5%, achieve a conductivity of 1S/m. While the ultimate conductivity of graphene-based composites will not

exceed that of nanotube-based composites, the levels are more than sufficient formany applications. The process is also amenable to large-scale industrial processessuch as molding and hot-pressing. Such manufacturing flexibility and tunableconductivity, in combination with the ready availability of graphite, makesgraphene composites an attractive alternative to the much more expensivenanotube versions.

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Usage

Graphene rolled up into sheets acts as good semiconductor devices. Due to itsproperties of efficient storage of electricity from converted light energy, it findsusage in the field of generating electricity from solar energy.

The graphene sheets are made into nanotubes which convert light into electricitymore efficiently and effectively than their photovoltaic counterparts.

Our researchers used a single-walled carbon nanotube, which is essentially arolled-up sheet of graphene, to create their solar cell. About the size of a DNAmolecule, the nanotube was wired between two electrical contacts and close to two

electrical gates, one negatively and one positively charged. Their work wasinspired in part by previous research in which scientists created a diode, which is asimple transistor that allows current to flow in only one direction, using a single-walled nanotube. Our team wanted to see what would happen if they builtsomething similar, but this time shined light on it.

Shining lasers of different colors onto different areas of the nanotube, they foundthat higher levels of photon energy had a multiplying effect on how much electricalcurrent was produced.

Discharge

This technology will be discharged to create much

More efficient water heating systems which will be powered by solarenergy.

Street lighting systems

Industrial heating systems

Heater systems for homes and offices

In the production of solar powered vehicles

In the field of space and technology

In the field of medicine.

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Market Analysis

Installed Capacity Million Watts

Coal 67791

Diesel 1201

Gas 11910

Total 80902

Solar and Renewable

Energy

3811

Nuclear 2770

Hydro 30936

Grand Total 118419

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Market Analysis & Opportunities:

India had an installed solar power capacity of 1700 MW in 2007 which amountedto roughly 1% of its total power generation of 130,000 MW. India is currently

ranked 7th in the world in Solar PV cell production. But considering Indiasgeographic location and climatic conditions, this is a huge market waiting to betapped.India receives bright sunlight almost throughout the year especially in West andCentral parts of the country. Due to global warming and rising CO2 levels, averagetemperature in India is set to increase by 4 degrees by 2050. Given Governmentsrecent policy announcement which gives thrust to green and renewable energy,there is a commercial opportunity which can be exploited. Some of the incentivesgiven by

the government are: Subsidy of Rs 12/unit on medium scale operations (1-5 MW capacity) 100% depreciation of equipments used in 1st year itself Other tax benefits like zero excise duty

These measures though very limited as compared to other countries like USA orGermany, the world leaders in solar energy, but still it is a step in the rightdirection.So it is no surprise that many big companies have announced sizeable investmentsin this field. At present the main players are

Tata BP Solar

Moser Baer

Central Electronics Ltd.

SELCO

BHEL

Many more are expected to join like DuPont, Dow Chemicals and surprisinglyeven Google.Improvement in PV technology, which is touching efficiencies of 30%, anddevelopment of newer technologies especially STEG (solar thermal electricitygeneration) are driving the energy costs down.

Till now, use of solar energy in India is limited to rural areas for lighting purposes.But innovation can play a major role in expanding the scope of applications.

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Human Resource

HR Policies & Strategies

Equal opportunities:

1 We are an equal opportunity employer. This means that we do not permitdirect or indi8rect discrimination against any employee on the grounds ofrace, sex, disability, religion marital status or age.

2 The firm will ensure that equal opportunity are applied in its all its hrpolicies relating to the employees

3 Managing diversity:4 Organization values the different qualities people bring to their jobs5 Acknowledge cultural and individual differences in the workplace.6 Focus attention on individual differences rather than group differences.

Age and employment;

1 The policy on age and employment should take into account the followingfacts as listed by the CIPD;

2 Age is a poor predictor of job performance.3 It is misleading to equate physical and mental ability with age.4 More of the populations are living active, healthy lives as they get older.5 The policy should define the approach the organization adopts to engaging,

promoting and training older employees.6 It should emphasize that the only criterion for selection or promotion should

be ability to do the job, and for training the belief that the employee willbenefit irrespective of age.

7 The policy should also state that age requirements should not be set out inexternal or internal job advertisement

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Promotion policy ;

1 Our promotion policy state that organizations intention to promote from

within wherever this is appropriate as a means of satisfying its requirementsfor high quality staff.2 The policy recognizes that there will be occasions when the organizations

present and future needs can only be met by recruitment from outside.

Work - life balance;

1 Work- life balance policies define how the organization intends top allow

employees greater flexibility in their working patterns so that they canbalance what they can balance what they do at work with the responsibilitiesand interest they have outside work.

2 Flexible work practices can be developed and implemented.3 It emphasize that the number of hours must not be treated as criterion for

assessing performance.4 Its setting out guidelines on specific arrangements that can be made, such as

flexible hours, compressed working week, term- time working contracts,working at home, special leave for parents and careers, career breaks and

various kind of child care.

Employee development;

1 The employee development policy expresses the organizations commitment

to the continuous development of the skills and abilities in order tomaximize their contribution.

2 Giving them the opportunity to enhance their skills, realize their potential

3 To advance their careers and increase their employability both within theand outside the organization.

Reward;

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1 Providing an equitable pay system;2 Equal pay for work of equal value.3 Paying for performance, competence, skill or contribution4 Sharing in the success of the organization( gain sharing or profit sharing).5 The relationship between levels of pay in the organization and market rates.6 The provision of employee benefits, including flexible benefits if

appropriate.7 The importance attached to the non- financial rewards resulting from

recognition, accomplishments, autonomy, and the opportunity to develop.

Involvement and participation

1 The employment and participation (employee voice policy) should spell outthe organizations belief in giving employee an opportunity to have a say inmatters that affect them.

2 It defines the mechanism for employee voice, such as joint consultation andsuggestion scheme.

Employee relation;

Health and safety policy

The policy statement consists of three parts;

The general policy;

The description; for health and safety;

Details of arrangements for implementing the policy.

1 the safety of employee and public is of [paramount importance

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2 safety takes precedence over expediency3 that every effort should be made to involve all managers , team leaders and

employees in the development and implementation of health and safetyprocedures

4 health and safety legislation should be complied with in the spirit as well as theletter of the law

Policy for individual services

Sickness;

This service aim to provide help and advice to employees absent from work forlong periods because of illness. The practical reason to provide them is that theyshould help to speed the returns of the employees.

Employment problems;

Employment problems should normally be solved by discussions between theindividuals and his or her manager team leader or through the company grievancesprocedure

Elderly and retired employees;

Employee services for elderly employees are primarily a matter of preparing themfor retirement and dealing with any problems they have in copying with their work.

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Discipline;

1 The disciplinary policy should state that employees have the right to knowwhat is expected of them and what could happen if they infringe theorganizations rules.

2 It would also make the point that, in disciplinary cases, the organization willteat employees in accordance with the principles of natural justice.

Grievances;

The policy on grievances states that employees have the right to raisetheir grievances with their manager, to be accompanied by arepresentative if they so wish, and to appeal to a higher level if theyfeel that their grievances has not been resolved satisfactorily.

Redundancy;

The redundancy policy states that it is the organization intention touse its best endeavors to avoid involuntary redundancy through it5sredeployment and retraining procedures. However if redundancy isunavoidable those affected should be given fair and equitabletreatment, the maximum amount of warning and every help that canbe provided by the organization to obtain suitable alternative work.

Sexual harassment;

The sexual harassment policy states that;

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1. Sexual harassment will not be tolerated.2. Employees subject to sexual harassment will be given advice, support and

counseling a required.3. Every attempt will be made to resolve the problem informally with the

person complained against.4. Assistance will be given to the employees to complain against.5. A special process will be available for hearing complaints about sexual

harassment. This will provide for employees ton bring their complaints tosomeone of their own sex if they so wish.

6. Complaints will be handled sensitively and with due respect for the rightsfor both the complainant and the accused.

7. Sexual harassment is regarded as gross industrial misconduct and, if proved,makes the individual liable4 for instant dismissal. Less severe penaltiesreserved for minor cases but there will always be a warning that repetitions

will result in dismissal.

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Finance Aspect

Since our technology is just under the analysis and experimental stage, thefinancial aspect still remains to be explored as new governmental laws and policiesare yet to be made and amended. Once we reach the full scale production stage we

would be more than happy to provide you with the necessary details.

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For a Better World

In our present global condition of scarce resources, new ways and

means of obtaining resources for the daily sustenance of mankind

holds at most importance. In this process of finding resources we

should ensure that our future generations to come are blessed with the

same or more amount of resources we had at our disposal.

With this in mind we give you nano tube. for a better world