bme slide(remedial).ppt

8/14/2019 BME Slide(Remedial).ppt

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Thermodynamics


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Therme - HeatDynamis - Power


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System

A quantity of matter or regionin space chosen for study


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Surroundings

The matter or region outside thesystem


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Boundary

The real or imaginary surface thatseparates the system from itssurroundings


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System


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Types of thermodynamic system

Open System

Closed SystemIsolated System


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Open System

Transfer of matter and energyacross the boundary


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Closed System

No mass transfer across theboundary of the system, energytransfer is possible


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Isolated system

No energy and mass transfer

No interaction b/w system &surroundings

Energy & mass are fixed


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Thermodynamic Properties

Every system has certaincharacterestics by which its

physical condition may bedescribed They are macroscopic in nature

Properties are co-ordinates todescribe the state of the system


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Intensive properties

Extensive properties


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Thermodynamic State Path

Process Cycle


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Thermodynamic State

When all the properties need to

describe the condition of thesystem, have defenite values,the system is said to exist in

defenite state


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Path

The succession of state passedthrough, during a change ofstate is called path


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Process

When the path is completelyspecified, the change of state iscalled process


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Thermodynamic Cycle

A series of state changes suchthat, the final state is identicalwith initial state


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Thermodynamic Equilibrium

A system is said to be exist in

thermodynamic equilibrium, whenno change in any macroscopicproperty is registered, if the system

is isolated from its surroundings


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Conditions for thermodynamicequilibrium

Mechanical equilibriumChemical equilibriumThermal equilibrium


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Mechanical equilibriumIf there is no unbalanced force withinthe system itself and also b/w system

& surroundings, the system is said tobe in mechanical equilibrium

If an unbalanced force exists, either thesystem or both the system &surroundings will undergo a changeof state till mechanical eqbm isattained


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Chemical equilibrium

If there is no chemical reaction or

transfer of matter from one part ofthe system to another. Such asdiffusion or solution, the system issaid to exist in chemical eqbm.


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Thermal equilibrium

When a system is in mechanical &chemical equilibrium, is seperated

from its surroundings by diathermicwall & if there no spontaneouschange in any property of the

system, the system is said to existin thermal equilibrium


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Quasi static process


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Temperature

It is hotness or coldness of a body

When a body brought into contactwith another body, at differenttemperature, heat is transfered frombody at higher temperature to bodyat lower temperature


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Zeroth law thermodynamics


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If two bodies are in thermalequilibrium with a third body, theyare also in thermal equilibrium witheach other


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When a body A is in thermal eqbm

with body B, and also seperatelythermal eqbm with body C, then thebodies B & C will be in thermaleqbm


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Temperature scaleIt is a way to measure temperature quantitatively

Celcius scale (water)Freezing point 0 CBoiling point 100 C

Kelvin scale (water)Freezing poitn 273 KBoiling point 373 K

Fahrenheit scale (water)Freezing point 32 FBoling point 212 F


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Heat (Q)

Energy transfer across the boundaryof the system on account of thetemperature differenceHeat is a path function

Heat transfered to the system (+) veHeat transfered from the system(-) ve

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