body in action (a) movement sqa questions. what you should know -skeleton the skeleton provides a...
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Body in Action (a) Movement
SQA Questions
What you should know -skeleton
• The skeleton provides a f_______ for s_______ and m_______ attachment
• The skeleton p_______ the h____, l______, b_____ and s_______ cord
• Bone is composed of the components f______ (elastic) f______ and h____ m________
• Bone is formed by l_______ c____
ramework
upport uscle
rotects eart
ungs rain pinal
lexible ibres ard
inerals
iving ells
• A b____ and s_____ joint e.g. ________ allows m_______ in _ planes
• A h_____ joint e.g. _____ allows movement in ___ plane
all ocket hip / shoulder
ovement
inge knee/elbow
1
3
What you should know - joints
What you should know - muscles• Muscles are attached to b_____ by t_____• When a muscle c______ it s_______ and
p___ on a tendon attached to a bone at a j_____
• Tendons are i________ so that a__ the f_____of a muscle c___________ is t__________ to the bone at a joint
• At a joint there are always t___ muscles. One muscle b_____ the joint + second muscle needed to s_________ the joint.
ones endons
ontracts ocket
ulls
oint
nelastic ll
orce ontraction
ransferred
wo
ends
traighten
Synovial Joint p148 CREDIT
• A synovial joint is a joint l_________ by s________ fluid
• All b___ and socket and h_____ joints are synovial joints
• The h__, s_______, e______ and k____ are all synovial joints
ubricated
ynovial all
inge
ip houlder
lbow nee
ligament
synovial membrane
synovial fluid cartilage
Name 1 – 4 in this ball and socket joint
synovial membrane
synovial
membrane
ligament
ligament cartilage
synovial fluid
Structure of a Synovial Joint p148 CREDIT
1
3
4
5
2
support
holds the two bones together
secretes synovial fluid
cushions the joint and reduces friction
lubricates the joint by reducing friction
cartilage1
2
3
4
5
ligament
ligament
synovial fluid
synovial
membranehead of femur
femur
Synovial joint functions CREDIT Part of synovial joint function
bone support
ligament holds the two bones together
synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid
capsule surrounds the joint
cartilage cushions the joint and reduces friction
synovial fluid lubricates the joint by reducing friction
1
2
3
4
5
Cushions the joint / end of bones/ acts like a shock absorber
Range of movement is less
in one plane/ two directions
Flexible fibres / hard minerals
brain heart lungs
spinal cord
movement
support
ligament
Hard minerals
skull brainRib cage heart and lungs backbone spinal cord
cartilage
Synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
ligament
Synovial membrane
cartilageligament
B
D
Lubricates joint / Reduces friction
C A
D
E
B
Reduces friction
One muscle bends joint
Tendons are inelastic / do not stretch
+ second muscle needed to straighten joint
cartilagesynovial fluid
s
tendon