Body Systems

Skeletal System (p. 850)function – to protect and support

axial – skull, rib cage, vertebral column

appendicular –pectoral & pelvic girdles, arms, legs

206 bones in human body

cranium scapula coccyx carpals

maxilla sternum humerus femur

mandible rib cage metacarpals radius

clavicle vertebral column (vertebrae) ulna

pelvis sacrum phalanges tibia

patella fibula metatarsals tarsals

Muscular System (p. 856)function – move skeleton & contract organsparts: masseter (in cheek) sternocleidomastoid (in neck) trapezius (back) pectoralis major (chest) biceps (upper arm) triceps (upper arm –underneath) external oblique – (sides) rectus abdominus – (abdominals)

Muscular Systemgluteus maximus – (buttocks)

rectus femoris – (thigh)

vastus lateralis – (outer side of thigh)

sartorius – (diagonal across thigh)

gastrocnemius –(calf)

deltoid – (shoulder)

Muscle tissue types:

1) cardiac – heart muscle

2) skeletal – on bones

3) smooth (visceral) – covers organs

Digestive System (p. 906)

function – to take in, break down, & absorb nutrients & eliminate solid waste

digestive tract* (alimentary canal, GI tract) pathway:

mouth* - takes in food; begins chemical & physical digestion

salivary glands – secrete saliva pharynx* - where food is swallowed

esophagus* - transports food to stomachcardiac sphincter

Digestive System

stomach* - stores & grinds food into chyme ( a soupy mix)

pyloric sphincter small intestine* - (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) –

absorbs nutrients villi – lining of small intestine; create more

surface arealiver – produces bilegall bladder – stores bilepancreas – secretes digestive enzymes

Digestive System

large intestine* – (colon) – reabsorbs water

rectum* - last part of colon

anus* - releases waste

bolus – ball of food created by chewing/mixing with saliva

peristalsis – involuntary rhythmic contractions

of digestive tract

Respiratory system (p. 885)function – exchange gases (take in O2 & release

CO2 & excess water)

parts:

mouth/nose – take in air

pharynx

trachea – transport air to/from lungs

epiglottis – covers trachea when swallowing

bronchi – branches of trachea (same function)

bronchioles – branches of bronchi (same function)

alveoli – gas exchange

diaphragm – causes lungs to expand/contract