boe thermal paper

8/12/2019 Boe Thermal Paper

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/boe-thermal-paper 1/31

<,

''h:,''<.o,'''''_' ~ ~/

Ioo LLrt ~ :J

IS t~E ... Jz_----------

/~GOVERNMENT KARNATA~A ~

. f ~,)

(Dq1:1rtment ofF,lctories Boiiers}, ~

Time _ 2.00 hours Max. Marks - 100

i (Boiler Operation Engineers Examination)

All Questions carry 4 marks each

Subiect: Boiler and Heat Engines,i

I/1 C():;o:cL {~:>

;(}'/?' 91. Ho~v is the teml~~1_~defined, arId how does this tenn affect wt boiler' desIgn? . -

V// /---

Az. Wha~ is a down comer? ~.\(, \~ -3J~IS'3. {, /' .. 'r .....•

/' ' I r ;t \~3. What is Combustion and them1al efficiency ~ithe Boiler ..~ .,; f. '< ..' ?

Q4·. \Vh~n does a boiler become a high-temperature hot-water (hth\\') unit?

' '

·;,,<..•,jQs,.\V~lat is t lt~meaning. or pH in w~ll:~r chemistry? 'l1' ~' 7~~. /' -'

06. Vh:,t three: DUrl)OS7CS7 11= c::: b o\' dO\VI~ valve serve? p ,t.(, t--L~- v~ /

A:J.7. In what manner is the quality ofa weld checked?

ffi List the operating precautions needed to prevent furnace ,~xplosionV

~at is the purpose ofan Economizer~' ~~.y

~ Name the two methods uf analyzing coal? b'~'

QlJ- ,Namc three scale COllning properties of water? What ar~ the t'NO major \ \ . v~¥ objections to sC:lI~ in a boiler? ~

/ .. ' -<111--.&-~12: What IS the purpose of · D and ID {<ans? \ 1- .

~Plai n the teon heating val ue 0 r fEeJ? t V/ P 'J( tVJ iJ I Jj

;,,,~~Q14..'':hy 'vc ir.s ;>Jf11cntsirnrortant [('I' })roperly operating a steam gen~rat0~ or

v/<;;'ti~·p;? .~. c

~. Explain the din~~rellce bl (wecn :l rciicfvalvc and an SV What is a safety relief

valve? /

-Qf6. What arc the comIllon or primary mCJSuremcnts used in controlling boilers? ~

.~hat i~:carry-over, and how is it' callsed;- \ ~ •r'



~ i,,1

~~a; area of the boiler shaH be computed as heating surface?;

~~Vhat is an operator s first duty wlten taking over?

~ Name four causes 0 [failure in ,ubes of waler tube boilers? Ij,~r-t~JT:Wbat causes priming and foaming/- 'Ii r

~at is mean by ion exchange in wate(IToa,men, ; Iq.r~I .)/' .

~i In what unit s draught s measured? ( )....-1.' ,/

Q24 What is meant by eXcess air ,& why it is necessa9C? .f, , ~ :~

S How s furnace heat transferred t the waterwalIs i Ii

Ii, I)

-~------



GOVERNIVlENT OF K RN T K

OEPT OF FACTORIES AND BOIU:RS

BOILER OPERATION ENGINEER S EXAMINATION

Subject Drawing

All questions carry equal marks

max.marks: 100

Time: Ji hours

1 DRA \V A ~E.~ T DL-\GR,-\ \f OF A SPRi -,G LOADED SAFETY \-\L \ ,E\fOtTi JTED ON STE·\ ,[ DRC vL L-\BEL The PARTS

EA PLAI?-~ \VI-{Y A DRll\[ S.-\FETY \ Al vt IS SET AT h1GHER PRESSt RE

tHAN THE BOILER OLiLET STL\.,\ [ LP\Jt SAFETY VAL \, t.--;

2) DRA\V ,~~uXPLAiN A\- OIL BCR...\t:R ASSE vIBL Y PRO\1DED f\.-\hiGH PRESSURE BOILER

3) E;{PLi-\IN WITH A \t:AT SKETCH HO\V DOESA 3 ELE\ fE ;[ DR ;~[

LEVEL CONTROL OPERATES rN A BOrLER i

4) ):AlviE TEE PARTS OF Tl-it. VAL -.1: GfVEN fN THE DtAGR..-\\ L



.,

~OVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

(Department of Factories Boilers),I

, I

(Boiler operation Engineers Examination - January ~002

Time - 2.00 hours

~ubiect: oiler and Heat Enaines

Max. Marks - 100

The last Question is compulsory and carries 10 marks anc. all other questions

carry 3 marks each.

Q.1 What is a down comer?

'~.;'--·W~lnd of boilers are used in wast:'heat applications?~~J-b 151 *

Q.3 What is meant by nondestructive test?

QA Name the two methods of analyzing coa,.

Q.5 What are the usual percentages of excess air in burning the vari:Juscommon fuels in boilers?

9..6 Whdt is meant by balanced draft? ) 1- . t.Q.7 Explain the term heating value of fuel?

Q.8 List the operating precautions needed to prevent furnace explosions.

»;::'VVhat is the purpose of an forced draught and induceddraught fans?

Q.l0 ~Name three scale forming properties of water? What are the two

. major objections to scale in a boiler? '~I Of' V'ft,;.'\. ...•••••••>'I'i.

Q.11 W~t:lsthe pr~mary function of a flame safeguard system?

Q.12 Name some safety controls on a boiler.

Q.13 Why'are instruments important for properly operating a steamgenerator or boilers? -

\ 1 \//,:••••• 1 .. . ;

.

Q.14 Explain the difference between a ielief valve and all v What is safetyrelief valve (SiV)? I



- •........-JJ b~st: BOiler a riel ~Ieal: Enq ines.

Ttle last Question is cOlllpulsor'y and carries 10 marks and all other questions

Carry 3 marks e(lch .

f

GOVEF<lJ 1'-1 tNT QF f<ARNA TAJ<A

(Department of Factories & Boilel's) ~ j- S~~

Time _ 3.00 rlOLlI S ~1cIX. Marl<s - 100II

• k :,,•.-•.•••••.•,

Q.l ··vij~a down comer?

I~ i Q.2 What Kind of boilers are used in waste-heat applications? .

Q.3 What is mearit by nondestructive test?

Name tile tY'IOmethods of analyzing coal.QA

-Q.5

,

Wrlat are the ustJell per'centages of eXf~~S air in bu 'ning the VC1(ious

COlllmon fuels in lJoiler'sl

\

List the opel'atlllQ pr'eciJutio s'rleeded to prevent fumace explcsions.

---

EV[J ;::'; - '0 '-C'{'I i)~C1li.'c.· ,-,- fUr- > -,I' fuel?\.•. ... .., I I LI I ••••.••l,- I I ( l .. J • .• I I _i C, U I ',/

Q.S

Q.7

, Q.GV

i')'\ \.9/) what is tl,e purpose of an forced draught and indlced drilUg11t fans'. '0

(§JJ ~three scale fonnlng plOpertieS of water? W lat are the twomajor objections to scale in a boiler?

Q.l1 \N~IClt i:; the pr'ifl1:1ry function of a flame safeguard system?

Q.12 NalllQ ~~OllIC sufety contr'ols on (l boiler.'

Q.14 Explain the difference between a relief valve and an sv. What is sofetyrelief vaive siv)l

Q.13 Wily an: instruments inipor'tant for properly operating a Sle<Jrllgenerator or boiler's? i

/

' ,- , ~'



\

\-

I

, I

,'~\

'\, '-, , \~} \ ' ,,- \.

, ;I ')_ J_

/

sure settings for :wo or mor SI/S

What harming may wiming i.~ foarT1in~J ~b? /

Name four causes of failure in tubes of water tube boilers?

Q.20

\

Q.19 What causes priming and foamin

Q.15

Q,21

Q.1G; ,\Al~1~,tClreaof tile boiler Sll<:.ill b. ,~>,

,

,Q.17 What is carry-over, arld how isIII i

Q.18 How does C9deaeretor' ret:luce \:~'l

Q.22' \Nhat are tile combustible elements in fuels? /.

Q.23 \Vhat elements in fuel are harmful to metals?

, 1 ,:

, i

Q -. </'.- : In what unit i Light is measured7

Q.:25 Vvhat are the minimum appliances of appurtenances n,=cessary for safe

; ,.j:dQL er operation?,-..~;.,;~::.,;.~;

n Co ;

,0 __ -.p I

What is meant by pulverized (oall .

Q 27 What is meant by excess air & why it is necessary?

Q.2S What causes rnost external corrosion?..--

Q -.r-./..~ Vi/hat is tile purpose of an Economizer?

Q.30 Where should gauge glass be located?

What hydro static pressure should be made on a water tube boiler,vall welded construction of 92 ems. 1D shell plate thickness 1.6 ems.

tube shee.t 2.0 ems. thick? Ligament efficiency of tube holes

longitudinally is 43:5 %( girth wise it is 20%, longitudirally weld

efficiency is 90 , aliowable stress 960 kg / em2

'k •.•.•....,;.



Chhattis 2,arh Bo~kr Uoeratioll Lll~~IJI~~I:<LXallliJI;ltlUll 2()()7

iUO

(21) \ 1 i 2\1

b EroSIOll

lJ. \;.Iin Sl,,:llll

OFP Sllctlon 111I':

I)

ii)

\ I

1\ )

Q- j lick the corn:CI al1'iwn

I) TIle btcn heat IS supplir.:d ill buller :ll-;1 • Supcrhcal~r.b. DO\\lICO/IICf

c Rehc.:llcr

'.reI. Watcm;1I1

Three c1eincnrs of drull l level cOll lral are-

~ StCClJII F10\\. feed flo\\' ,lIld drU111le\cl

b. Drulll Ie\ cL Drulll pressure and S(C<llllnOlI .

.: Drlllll k\ cl. SIC,lIll Icmlx.:r,llllrc and bolicr II'lI..:r ICIIIp;.:I;;t,ICl·

d Onlill k\.:1. [)nlill prc~sur.: ;111<1 [)nllli \\;Ikr i<.:lllp<.:r'llllIc.\liIl jillcllcs~ fuc LlIllJlllllllllS <.:o,11llUlIlJue

~ 70 % of pul\crized coal p,lsses through l JO IIle,ll..

b .. (,(J% of pulverized coal p:\~)~csthrough 2\HI nlc)1l

c. :10%of pulverized coal retained at 100 Illcshcs

d. lu' i;,of pull cnzcd co:lllct;ullcdilt

50 IIh:~,III:~III ;\ boiler hydra/JIlC is led at

a. Boiler drum

c. Reheat SrC<llll line

ACid dew XJIII I is rclated 10~: COrrOSIC 1

: lJr;I~I<J;;

UUfllcr tilt I:, ~\.T,cc::Ih II,-cd IllJ

'-;IIIXT I '.,i l ':~_1\,,:I:1i i lllp, ..r:11iir': ,:( 11;,

h 1(t: lll..:~ ~.r ')II...'. I: ;..'It;PL'LJllili..' \.\jUllld

l. Ur~lu~:.li~,-Ullt/(d

d Abu\::: ,Ii;

\ Ii) \\ lu~h cy'.:l(: 1:, litO...,, clft(:icni~ CaniO( c.-\·..: c

Di<.:,..:1 l '.elL:

\'~\i i hi.)dcr \\;t{(;{ .,ljl~)tL:Li j :

;, Lc~~ ilL .. : \

c:· ;Z~lnhilt...: (, ~:

11 0110 C\:::ic

~ ..il:::lllllii~i..)I\L:0[' :iLu'. ~

L' \iUf:..' I::. J ',J '

i ll \uCllon I\P( lltl[,. t~'\ 1::-.~)(;I(\.:~

.\. 8dore 11;;~:

1 .1

,.:.>:-

.\ ) ,rs '01' COlllbu,llllll ;tIC -

;1. Time, TClllpcr:ill lrC ; llld Tokrancc

vtJ. Turbulcllc:, TCI:q>CLllliI( ,IIIJ Tilll:::

C. Tiule, Tllr~L1\(:uC(; ami TGicuIlcC

d TucL\uic:t.;( , Tl·llq,c:r.li l:~::: ,J I(j TolcLlii-\.

, : I : \ . : , t . ~• . •. .• . '

i': : (Jf- , \ i:;l 1\ ll \,_~':~ J

\A -I\Lll th,ll)

c ?:.:r:pilcr:: It,-

\11: ~IO~~:IIIUIL':lr~l:;.;litl~\ Ul-,lir \:;~

;1 ...i.ir prCSL'1l1 I , lL,_' :JI 1i...1::-.pL ....J<.

)-; \ f r~:q:l~ ,,~(: -':\lili;)k':,: l..'

,1',1(,; ::,ill';

'. ) i,~~I: ; I I , I' I,,; ,j

,-'. i



?O C) bChhattisgarh Boiler Operation Engineers Examination 2006

fS ( i \e

Time: 3 Hours Boiler Heat Engines Max. Marks : 100

Q-I Tick the correct answer: -i) The first law of thermodynamics states that (20 X J )=20

~ Heat and work are mutually convertible.b. If two bodies are each equal in temperature to a temperature of third body tlley are equal

in temperature to each other.

c. Change of internal energy is proportional to the change oftemperaturr.

d. Heat can not flow from lower temperature to higher temperature without the aid of an

external agency.

ii) Second law of thermodynamics states that

a. Heat and work are mutually convertible.

b. If two bodies are each equal in temperature to a temperature of third body they are equal

in temperature to each other. ~ Z.oa-J.n ~

c. Change of internal energy is proportional to the change of temperature.J Heat cannot flow from [ower temperature to higher temperature without the aid of anexternal·agency.

iii) Zeroth s law of thermodynamics states that

a. Heat and work are mutually convertible.

~ If two bodies are each equal in temperature to a temperature of third body they are equalin temperature to each other.

c. Change of internal energy is proportional to the change of temperatw c.

d. Heat cannot flow from lower temperature to bigher temperature without

the aid of an external agency.

iv) In thermodynamically reversible process when heat interchange is zero, the process isknown as

a. fsopiestic process. t--l:r Adiabatic process

c. lsochoric process d. Isothennal process

v) In thermodynamically reversible process when change in internal energy is zero, the process isknown as

a. lsopiestic process. b. Adiabatic process

c. lsochoric process vcr.- Isothermal processvi) The main purpose of reheating of steam of thermal plant is

a. To increase dryness fraction of steam in LP stage.

b. Reduce the blade erosion and improve blade efficiencies in LP stages.

c. Increase thennal efficiency

~ Above all

vii) For protecting magnetite layer in boiler tubes, the pH of boiler water should be

a. Less than 8. L-@-£etween 8.8 to 9.2.c. More than 9.8 d. None of above

viii) In trisector regenerative Air preheater boiler, PA fan handles the\AI. cold air b. Hot air

c Tempered air of mill outlet d. None of above.

sk ix) Circulation Ratio range of~igh pressure (100-160 Kgf/cm2) utility and industrial boiler isa.50to15 ~14to9

c. g to 4 c. 3tOTx) The amount of nitrogen in coal is determined by:

a. Its proximate analysis;.~ C i H 2,..(; I V M , A-s h c. v_

b. Burning it completely in air;

.v@ Ultimate analysis;d. Burning it in the absence of air;



xii) As pn IBR-1950 regll'~lli(l1l :;·I(),;t stress I'L'lil'l,ill~', Ilc'<lIII'L'<lllllellt,h<lll 11<:<:rl<mTl<:df<lr c~lrh(Jn

steel by heatin~ the pal1 to at least ------------ e,xiii) As per IBR-1950 regulation 327( e) pressure gauge shall be calibrated within an accuracy of

______% and boiler pressure gauges shall not be less than --------mm diameter,

xiv) In a balanced draught system--m------ fan and -m----fan are provided. ,

xv) In a very high pre)urc sub critical boilers forced circulation pumps nre provided to circulate

water through tubes as --~-------- is low at high pressure for natural circulation,

xvi) /\ vessel contains a niixtllre of saturated water and saturatl.:d steam at a temperature ol'211'i{lc.

then the pressure of the vessd wi II be--------- bar. '

xvii) Steam at 19 bar is throttled to 1 bar and the temperature after throttle is found ,0 bc 150 e,

the initial dryness fraction of steam was __n ,

xviii) Steam at 5 bar 250°C, expands isentropically to a pressure of 0,7 bar, the find condition or

dryness fraction of steam will be----------, ( Use: steam table for 0-2 xvi t<>xviii)

, \' I (, ,

•...

Q-3:- , .- Use steam table for solvjng follo\'1ing questions . (5X4)<~O

i) Water is supplied to the boiler at ) 5 bar and 80 C and skarn is generated at the same pressure

at 0.9 dryness. Determine the heat supplied to the steam in passing through the boiler and

change in entropy.

ii) O.S.Kg of steam 3t 4 har is contained in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The initi:li \olume of

stc'an, is 0, I m), ~k:lt is transferred to the St.:~II~l:It constant pressure until till: k';lpc'I:ltLire

becomes 300(\( (ktLTlllinc the h~at transfer ~liiLi\1 \ ,rK done during thl .:proccs,;

iii) A certain quanti,y of dry and saturated steam ~lt I:' har occupies initially a \ollll11e 0

2.32 1111 • It IS (;ul1lpre~~(;Jntil the vulullll: i~Ildl\(;J:

a.lsothermally. ' ~

b. As per the law pv =constant.

Detennine the final condition orstealll in <-'deli l<l'<-' \ JekrIninL' the he;lt reiL'Clc'J during

the isoth¢fmal process,

iv) Steam enters a turbine at a pressure of lObar ,\lId 300 C with a velocity of 50 m's, Thl.:

steam leaves the turhine at 1,5 bar and with a velocity 01'200 m s ' Assuming the

process to be reI eFSibil: adiabatic and negkctill~ tilL' change in f)utential ene 'g;. uell:rIllillL'

the \vork dene p.:~k; ~~:':;:~:ln-1nu',.\' tbr~~\.~g.L ~,.:~~;;'~/iil':'

v) Steam at 10bar and :;00 ('. passing through < Ctllll'l.:rgcnt divcrgcllLl10zzk exp:lI1d n.:vcrsibk

and adiabatically till the pressure falls to:2 hM, Irthe velpcity of steam entering into theis 50 m/s, determine the exist velocity of the ~1':~II11,

( IOX2)

Q_~ i) What is Circul.1tionl{alio olboikr and wlLlt slwuld be CRs range for nat lral circulation

Boiling circllit for hi~1t stcam pressur.: ( 1:,()(J to 210() psig) in large lItility anJ industrial

boiler') ,

ii) What is the purpose ofboi1er drum and what :11',: the main componcniS of drulll il1lcrnal

iii) What are the \2.rious heat losses in PF bOiler helng eunsidercd It'l' ass..:ssi 19 hlilel

efficiency thrc'ugh loss method

iv) Wltat is the PU:i='U C01 \)e~IClalur ',J \'h~ll.<1', '~,~ eltc'lllicclh hL'illO:d , c',\III ',, I:e ~111,:

fCI.:Jline and \,;,; ')

v) What is the PI1::'\' C' ,,1'11',1) :llld ell\) ',' , : ,c, , iiLlii \Iilh I' \lugh sf..I'[(iIL'

vi) lira\1 the Sdlt,': ,Hic 1:,1\\ :Ilh Iherm,iI c~ck ,.;:,::.:I~IIIlITS) ofthel1l1~li 1'\1\\el' i ·'I~:

vii) 111..)\\- do >~ltll..,';nL t\ \ f.,.lh)\\ [h~H th~rl..· i.....C~1jh;I..':hcr tuhL.: Il..:ak,,~~ i ll rlll1111il~ U, i: ,;ihl \\lLl

action do you ::lKC 1111 oh';efling slIchahrwr:n:i1ilie<'

v iii) What is the rurpo~e or prilllary and SeCOlll l<ll> ,1II fur Pi: boib

ix) As per IBR-lu:,O re~ulalion 291. what arc II:e Jilkrentt;pe orsakt\ 1:111c', bei,, .: usedi nboilers In I,',['CCI ,1I :I\ \C lir •.. .

,x) \\'ri tc shur; 11\ '- _ . Oi l \.:Jti ,tic :,,·In:'\rit{ l.'l~;,-·I\'

In

OJ: (\ i



xi) Swichiome;;u'ic quamity of air is Lilt qUl1l1lity of air required for complete combustion of fuel with

a. Some excess oxygen left. b. No oxygen left unusedc. 50 ex~ air. d. 1QUO/o excess air.

\ xii), Bomb calorimeter is used to determine,_. a. GCV at constant pressure· b. NCV at constant pressure

c. GCV at constant volume d . NCV at constant volume

xiii) Proximate analysis of fuei is determination oJ~cntagc of. C,H,N,S & H20 l U IH~ ®.£ H20,ash and volatile matter

Q. Conly. d. Useful heat evolved.

xiv) lncomplete combustion can be best judged by

a. Smoky chimney exit. b . Excess air in flue gases

c. Measuring C(l in flue gases. d. Measuring C(h in flue gases.

xv) Lignite is

a. Lowest rank coal. b. Highest rank coal.

c. Used in metailurgy of iron d. Comains no moisture

xvi) Hard water may be softened by passing througha. Sodium Silicate b, Lime stone

b. Ion exchange resign d . Sodahexa metaphosphate.

xvii) Drum imemais ofboiier consists of

a. Level switches for high/low level alanns b. Scrubber cyclone separator.- c. Hydrastep d. Downcomer.

xix) The purpose of continuous blow down valve isa. to control water level b. to drain the boiler

c. to maintain TDS d. to remove sludge.

xx) Two gauge glasses often fitted in boiier drum because

a. One is check against the other b. One is reserve

c. It is a legal requirement d. To increase periods between naintenance

Q-2:- Fiii in me blanks of followiIlg :- (20X I)=20

i) The quantity of heat evolved when unit mass volume of fuel is burnt completely is called

itL _ii). The minimum temperature at which fuel must be preheated so that it starts Jurning is

called temperatUre.

iii.) To remove the is the purpose ofa bottom blow down.

iv.) At low pressure boiler. the water wall tube will overheat due to departure from nucleate boiling

when circulation ratio drops to less th~ to__ ,

v.) Bomb calorimeter is used for determining the calorific value of .vi) Anthracite posses calorific value and carbon percentage.

vii) Temporary hardness in water can be removed by _

viii) pH of neutral water is __ '

ix) Formation of ice cube is the process where enrropy .

x) Carnot cycle consists of two adiabatic two reversible process.

xi) Atmospheric air contains __ of oxygen by volume.

xii) Purest fonn of natural water is water.

xiii) Calcium sulphate when present in boiler feed water causes the formation >f in theboiler.

xiv) Analysis involving the estimating of C,H.N,S and ash is called malysis.xv) As per IBR 1950 regulation 29r ,the safety 'valve reset pressure should no: be less than__

but not more than __ below the safety valve set pressure tor safety '/alves having body

bore more than 32 mm and or having a set pressure above 2 bar gauge.

xvi) Deaerator out let feed water dissolved oxygen is limited to >pb

xvii) Cavitation occurs in pump at pipe

Page-2



Page-3--------------------x-----------------

'X -04 :-AnSWer in bricfany offour:- 5X4 =20

/' i) What is priming and foaming process and state the reasons for occurrence I)fthis process.

What are the measures for avoiding such process?

ii) What are the main protection of boiler ?

ii i) State the causes of air pre-heater ftre and measures for preventing Air preheaterfire.

iv) What are the various boiler tube failure mechanism ?

xviii) Ifthe oxygen of flue ga:s in a boiler at Air preheater inlet is 3.50/0, the excess air is given toBoiler for combustion of fuel.

xix) The mass in kg of22km; of any perfect gas at N.T.P. is equal to its molecular weight.

xx) As per IDR 1950 regulation 391A •remnant life assessment test is to be caJried out for utilities

and industrial boilers after they are operating for Hrs.

Q-5 :- Answer any oftwLJ :- (IOX2)

i) What are the tests to be carried out in various parts of water tube boilers o{:erating at a

tem~rature uf 400°C aJid above during Remnant life a.ssessment (RLA) of boiler as per

IBR 1950 regulation 391A ? List out all the tests in area wise of boiler pa.1s.

ii) 'W1Jalare the requisile mounling,s,li ll ings and auxiliaries o[boiler as per IBR 1950

regulation 281? _ ' '._'

iii) A steam power plant of 62 MW (slngk ~yliJlI..lt:rurbinI';) is opcmlillg at full loau with ~. ',.' J .'following operating data: \ '

a, Enthalpy of fe~d water at Cl,;Ollomi~r inlet; 238 kl:aUkg,

b. Enthalpy of final steam at Turbine inlet : 860 kcal/kg, .,'J

c, Final Steam flow allurbine inlel : 250 T/Hr ';'y ~/. Boiler Efficiency: 85 _ ' ~

Find the heat rate of plant and coal firing rate if GCY of firing coal is 3800kc1Vkg, .--

v) What are the reasons for PF mill firing and what action should be laken duting mill fire?

Q-3:- .:- Use steam table for solving following questions. (5X4)=20

./ i) Find the enthalpy and internal energy of lkg steam at pressure of 10 kgfJ,:m2 when dryness

- fraction of steam is 0.75.

~I t~~.<' ii) Find the enthalpy and internal energy of 1kg superheated steam at pressure of 10 kgflcm2;/~;.-'t and temperature of230 C. Assume Sp Heat (Cp)i 0.5 for this superheate<J_range.

d } ~ . ;) It:~.\iii) 0 .005 m3 of ~ater is boil~ at 30°C. It is heated ~ti,1 the pressure is 8 ~Jkgflcm2 and'I (l-· dryness 0.9. Fmd the quantity of heat added for achlevmg above steam l}lL-ill ty.

iv) A boiler supplies steam to a turbine at 18 kgflcm2 dry and saturated. From the same boiler

st~l is foo by throttling to a steam engine working at 10 kgllcm L, Determ ine the quality of

stearn entering to steam engine. Assume Cp for superheated range 0.5.

v) If the superheated steam of temperature 200°C at 10 kgllcm2 feeding to a SLeamengine and

Specific enU'opy of this steam is 1.5&49kcaVkg K. If 11lissteam in engine nxpandsAdiabatically to 1.1 kgflcm2. Find the change of enthalpy of steam during expansion.

Assume Cp for superheated range 0.5,

,-'\ .. /j



..~-:;;;:;. ••_ _ • • ' ;:- :;:;~ : ':-~ : ~~~ ;:;'; ., ••••~H

····--=-·_•.•..•''' '' ~---p::;;~~~--:F;F;>'''''';--

--', ,~ --'.~'- '-~ ¥'

*

(d) All the above

(c) Pearlite ,(d) Cementiteb) Martensitea) Austenite

; , ,1 , Orsat meter isused tor : -

(a) gravimetric analysis of flue gases

(b) volumetric analysi~of flue gases~

(c) · mass f low of f lue gases

(d) measuring smoke density offlue gases

20. Proximate analysis offuel is determination of percentage of:-

(a) Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, moisture U) (-h W\ ,-t I

~Fixed ~arbon, ash, volatile matter, moisture

(c) Higher calorif ic value

(d) Lower calorific value.

If 1. Pour point of fuel is the :-

(a) Lowest temperature which oil wil l f low under set condition

(b) Storage temperature

(c) Temperature atwhich fuel ispumped through burners

(e1) tGmperature atwhich oil istransported

22. The safety valve on boilerdrum compared to safety valve onsuperheater

is set at :-

(8) same valve dO} higher valve

(c) Lowervalve (d) lower/higher depending on stream flow

23. Tile capaci ty of induced draf t fan compared to forced draf t fan is-

(a) Same \. {.bY' More

c) Less (d) Less or more depending on size of boiler

24. The condition of steam in boi ler drum is always:-

(a) Dry .~ (bY' Wet (c) superheated

25. Maximum energy loss in a boiler occurs due to :-

(a) UnhlJrnl carbon in ash (b\ Incomplete combustion 7t, ...

(c) ash content ,_Jd)/ flue gases

26. The chief advantage of reheat cycle is :

(a) Increase efficiency

(b) Obtain more work

(c) Todecrease moisture in low pressure stages

. (d) All the above

, 27. T~e hardness of steel increases if i tcontains :-

Heverse adiabatic process i~knowl1as'*

(a) Iso ttermal process (b) Iso chorie process

(c) Isent oplc process (d) Nono of the above.

D~ratc r outlet FW dissolve oxygen Is limited to :*~'_ J9}-/ 70 ppb (c) 7 ppm (d) 1

Acid dew point is related to :- pr k:.. \ ()1' )t :) \ ' pVVi

(b) Erosion:' PPb::.D'Do1XICOC

(c) Abra: lion (d) None of the above ';.. -,. () b3 Ts of ccmbust ion are : .

(a) Time Temperature 8. Tolerance

rbIJlenCe, Temperature & Time

-c) Time Tolerence & Turbulence

(d) NonE of the above.

Boiler water PH should be :-

(a) Less than 7.5 . ~ Between 8 .13 - 9.2

Morethan9.8 (d) None of the above

Stoichiometric quantity of air is the :-

~ Air piesent in the atmosphere at NTP conditions

(b) Air required for compete combustion of fuel with no excess air

(c) Air required toconver t CO Into CO2

(d) Air required toform an explosive mixture.

Atmosph ~ricpressure at mean sea level is:-

l§;~gflcm2 (b) 1.021<gf/cm2

(c) 1.0 t<gs/cm2 (d) O 9971<:gf/cm2

In isothermal process:-

(n) 'Ter1 ~>erature remai }§ cnnc;t::lnt (i)) \/011lI')'lP rE'rTlajn~(:onc;tant

(c) Pres: jure remCiin,sconstant (d) All of the a bove.

Tile pres iura, at which latent heat of vaporization of water iszero, is : -

(a) Below 1 ksc (b) 1 l\sc

(c) 212 Lsc (d) 225.61esc'

Tile increase inpressure:-

(a) LOWHS the boiling point of a liquid

(b) Rais ~sthe boiling point of a liquid

(c) Incre ases Itsvolume

(d) Nonn of these.



.

-,.:..,:.,. , .•. ;--. : ;; :; - :: ; ;:J:~~~~;~~ ~~;:; ;; - , ,,~, ,, ,, .~ .~ . ._-_ . . . , ,; ,, ;; ;; - ,~~.~- --~ ....---.--. '' '' '' ;- '' :r .; ', ~f fi '? : ~, :- = > , - , ,, =- -= -, ,, , , ~. <; ~~ ., -' ~ '' '' 'i ·' -- -' ' -7 - - - 7. _- - ----::-T_: . _~. . -~

28. WhajJs the percentage ofSulphur found in most coals :-~.:_l% (b) 3 -7 %

(c) 5 -10 (d) 8 -12

29. On thrott ling a real gas, temparature of the gas :-

'If.. (a) Increases Jl?}' decreases

(c) Remains same (d) Depends upon initial temparature

30. The most ef ficient cycle is: -

~.a( Carnat cycle (b) Rnkine cycle

(c) Otto cycle (d) Diesel cycle

Q-2 Fil l In theblanks fol lowing:- (1 x1)=15

:.:. -..1. The condition of incomplete combustion issensed bymeasuring .•.•.•••.••.2. Heatvalue with products ofcombustion cooled down toinit ial condition

Is called •.•.•.••.••.

3. Good combustion and high efficiency is indicated by high volume of

(30 x1):::30

Max. Marks: '100Boller & Hoat Engines

(8, Lc:;w of cons8rva~ioll cf mess

(b) ~w ofconservation ofen~L_

(c) Lawof conservation ofmomentum

(d) Noneof the above.

8. Drynessfraction represents :l(a) % of mass of steam to mass of water

(b) % of mass of water to massof steam

,_ ,(0) of mass of dry saturated steam to total mass of wet steam

(d) None of the above. p.T.a.

1;

ci1\

~

Madhya Pradesh Boiler OperaUonEngineers Examination 2005

Time: 3 HI'S

Q-1 riel< t11ecorrect answer:-

1. Three Elements of Drum level control are :- 2C6~ r. (a) Steam flow, Feed flowand Drum level -~------\.,. ---- ~_..•-~~-~-- -----------'

(b). Drum level, Drum pressure, Steam flow

(c) Drum level; Steam temperature. Boiler water temperature.

(d) Current, Voltage and Power.

,,: 2. Mill f ineness for - 200 mesh should be :-

'-IR '.' (a) 70 •. (b) 50 (c) 30 (d) 20

3. The latent heat is supplied inBoiler at :-

'-p(a) Super heater (b) Down comer

(c) Re-heater (d) Water wall

4. In a Boiler hydrazine is f ed at:- ( N 'L 14 )

(a) Main steam line (b) Re-heat stearilline

(c) CEP suction line . (d)' BFP suction line (, D €.0 y oJ:\

5 f· .. f =/L)Ash uSlontemperature IS Important or:-

(a) Heat transfer in water wall. (b) Cold end corrosion

\ (c), Slag formation (d) Flow of ash particle in boiler6. Volatile matter limits :-

. (a) Maximum temperature infurnace

(b) Maximum Mill outlet temparature

(c) Air temperature toboiler

(d) l -loneof the above

7. First law of thermodynamics is :-

6.

7.

8.

)

~<2·'l·;·7

4. ~:'f..'t..... is the greatest factor in the corrosion of steel surfaces in

' ' .. j contact with water.. t· ( Y( . U. 7.hI c_ ,,')-l~ I ~ • ••• ••• ••• •• • is caused by the difference in densities from the difference in

thetemperature of twoverticalcolumns.

Hydrazine dozing is done to • ~~. ~\.t-Q. C(;L. {i) ~1H1W~'\I.

Circulation ratio for industrial boilers is .. :.••:.•.: .... i '.

Excess air required forcombustion is ...•. J:;:.;.

It Is impossible for the heat to f low from a body at lower temperature to a' ' I' .. '

body at higher temperature without the aid of ~. .v .. . I, , '-

10. No engine, working on a cyclic process is more efficient than ........•...

enginewhen working betweensame temperatures.

11. Petrol engine works in the principles of ...L.Li.; .. cycle.

12. 'The universal gas constant is .\.::~~;::. mkgflkgmole degree K.

13. Ina balanced draught system ..•.1..1.... fan and ..d; .....fan are provided.

14. Ina veryhigh pressure boilers forced circulation pumps are provided to

circulate water through tubes as .. ... ... ..• . Is low at high pressure for

naturalcirculation.

15, Reheat cy.cle is emloyed in power stat ions to ~.~~~. and to ~

(1-3 Ar.swer in t rue or false: - 15x1= 15

1. Lignite has got lowest percentage of moisture thanbituminous coal.



\; 2 .

, 3.

- _~_. 4\ .

10x1=10

Efficiency of heat engines is more than 80%.

Latent heat of evaporation can never be zero.

As per JSR, hydraulic test of newly constructed boiler is to be carried out

at 1.5 times the design pressure.

Hydrazine is fed in CEP suction line_

Copper increases the hardness of steels.

Solubility ofTrisodium in water reduces with increase of temperature .

Compression ignition is used in petrol engines.

Magnetite layer is found after deaerator.

A grade coal has lowest GCv. .L-i n 7 _ b~.s.l . - J e ~5 ~ '--', .-PHofneutalwaterlszero. C. PH - 7, b ~v~-:rtulU> ~ .:~c...;d..,

If grindability index of coal is less, the coal is easily grindable. _;.'. , _l ,-Thermal power plant work in the principles of camot cycle. ~.>~.:.:'::,:-\.':':..-:.2--

Turbine is provided with multistage blades to limit the blade speed.

For acceleration of fluid in supersonic velocity range, the nozzle lIsed

must be divergent nozzle.

Give answers of the following :-

1. What is nternal energy?

2. What is regenerative air preheater?

3. What is the purpose of primary air?

4. What is the maximum metal temperature difference permitted in drum?

5. What is all volatile treatment in boiler?

6. What is the chemical composition of carbon steel?

7. What is the chemical composition of SA213T11 ?

8_ What is the chem ical composition of SA213T22 ?

9. Effective disconnection of toiier?

iO. Ageing of Boilers - Assessment of the remanent life of parts ?

Answer briefly any of tile five questicns- 5x2 = 10

1. Define heat?

2. What is the stress corrosion cracking?

3_ What is the purpose of drum in boiler?

4. Mention the type of safety valves us ,d in boiler?

5_ What are the materiais used iti sup,:::rhe2[er and reneater in modem

,~ 5.

6r ..- 7'I( .

:~ 8.,- 9.

\ 10.

~ 11.

-\ 12.

13.

\: 14.

15.

Q-4

Q-5

boiier?

6_ Define latent heat

) ; '~:.,:)- \

(

-t.-

-- ------.----------. -------

... I \--.\ ,-,- - - - , ,. -- i 1 I { ..;...~---

r (' / ,~·l i )



-

... -

, is: r Y k,;)). VI ~

7. What is dryness fraction?

Q-6 htsNer any of the four questions :- 4x5=20

1. Determine the cycte of power plant operating with foll9Wingcondition :-

Coal flow - 330 tons per hour,

Calorific value of coal - 3800 kcalJkg,

Generator output - 500 MW.

2. Describe the commonly observed damage mech,misms that contribute

to tube failures.

3. A Steam power station of 200 MMI capacity uses- coal of calorific va ue

4000 kcalikg. The thermal efficiency of the station is 36% and electric

generation efficiency is 98%. Determine the coal r,cquiredper hourwhen

plant working at full load.

4. Find out the boiler efficieny of a boiler operating a: the condition below :-

Feed water temperature - 80 degree C

Total heat of steam - 720 KcalJKg

Feed water flaw - 100 tons per hou

Coal flow - 20 tons per hour

Calorific value of coal used - 3800 KcaVkg

5. Explain the processes involved in camot's engine.6. Ust the various components of boiler and theirfunction.



- .• \

MADHYA PRADESH BOILER OPERATION ENGINEERS EXAMINATIO~J' EB.2()()J OILER ND HE T ENGINES

Time: 3 Hours

Nole- Answer any fivc qUCS11()ns ()lIcstion no. I « ::;arc cOlT1pllls\lI\

d.

First law of thermodynamics IS

Law of cOllser\'<ltion of mass

Law of Conservation of energy

Law of Conservation of momentum

None of the above.

0.1 Tich: the COITcct ans\':cr - I 'x 20

(i)

(ii) Dryness fraction represents.

a. % of mass of steam to mass of water.

//% of mass of water to mass of steam.

% of mass of steam to total mass of steam - water mixture..

None of the abo\e

(i i i) Reverse abiabatic process are known as -

./ a.

ISO thenna] process .

b.

ISO choric process.

~.Isentropic process.

«d.

Non of the above.

(i v)

The critical pressure for steam/water IS

(a)

190 Kse{b( 225 Kscc)75 Ksc25 Ksc

(v) Maximum allowable temperature gain 111 Economiser is (Recommended value.)

(3)

(d)

(c) IIO C

(vi) AFT stands for

(3) /

-4b)(e) •.

(d)

Ash flow tunnels.

Ash fusion tc'mrerature.Allowahle 11,)\\' &:. tcmpGfatufc.:.

None of thL' ~lhovc.

(;1) 111\llJc IU1ILkc'

(11), On \\,Ill'1 \'..lli

\l'} ~)LlI Side lurnaC'L

\d) NOlle c't' the ~Il'l)\C



.

03

Boiler water I ll should be -

Less than 8

[3etween X.S - 9.2

More than 9.6

None 0 r the above

With feed water heating, Cycle efficiency of the themlal power pfant

~lncrcascs

b) Not changes.

c) \ncrcase or Decrease

d) None of the above.

~ c)

d)

/ (:\vi)

/ xvii)In suction :ypc mi\\s P A fan is located-

a) Before mil\.

b) After mill.

c) ,/Between RAH FD Fan.

d) None of the above

xviii) Balancing chamber provided in BF? balances-

/ a) J Axial thrust

b) Radial thrust c) Peripheral thrust

d) None oftne above

\xix) The law related to Stearn Boiler is called as-

a)

fbl

c)

d)

lBA

lBA

lBA

lEA

\929

1923

\949

1950

\ xx) Boiler Farameter~ are expressed by -

3) T/\1r. of steam produced

lb) Pressure Kg/Cm:

. el, Outlet Tcmf1 is O

i ct) •. -\ \ 1 of the a bove J



BOILERS AND IlEJ\'l' I':NGI~I-;~ ..t- v v ~--Maxiluum Marko :: 100

'.,

________________________________________________ • - .- • _.0 __.• ' '~:

~~~e : J Hours

,~& flY f,, r' nf ~'nlnln~. ~(:) a~'

Each question carry e4u~1 mark~.

Q.1 Ill: L Ii: )

A. velocity of ~;n t-. I' t- ,:--d t .,n, .' nd

<;:_ ~ l7 (T)

k.<-<

superheated steem in pipes are of runq~ 8 -) [\ meter/sec und

(fj..7...;..lr_:1 0 meter/see respcC tively.

B. For Carbon Steel pipes specifiC'~tions1~:2(.js tZ52cSs

OIN cod.; ilrc ':.: /1 .1~.{ 6- R 1 _

~5 p<: r IS:j J~ j ~' ~~

respect.ivel y .

C.

c. Carbon Steel temp. r

D. The volatile lTIut t: er present .in the: coal tOay be

..,.l'f....3 (~.l.,.

combustibles gases ns

and or. un c:oml:)ln;tih1l0~ (J''1~'':' I ikn

and

E. Grindibility of standDrd coal is ctefindcd ~s

a:1d grindibil i ty of commerc i.~::':: .1 Vi ,i l2.S from __ C_:' _

to Excess a ir is de term ined from the

formula.

,' ...., . 'i'h mi1X.U:1UIlI cCGrJomi::cr 0ut.lc:L t~:l11p. i~', u~;u(111y m,:lintdincd

'. L ',--'. C bel ()\I t.h (~ sat urat ion

tE:i11fl.to prevent Clnd

H. The re:noval of Y<.1se.> is i.1cclJfT'.f?-'-ish,-.l1 llY heating the feed

\·:ater to C '.-lith ~uuseqU(;rlt Ci'ji.tClti ..f1 in the

eCiu i pmc n t Cull ed i_.\~ _ .-,·l_-_,

T. Deaerator safety attachfuents Q~e

,,- ,/'

(iv)

( v)

__ L\..·. CI

G

\ vi) L. .•.. /1

~~ .J.:.::-.L..--_' _

( I. ,j-\,. \. . . \. , - t~••• • __ f.

. ~ 0' '-- o. (, / •. ~I .



o. Major types of coal feeding systemvailable in AFBC/CFBC

Boilers are v\.-.l.· -f-.17 and i·\ .•/\·..•.-- d ...-

P. Major attractive feature of eFEC Boiler w.r.f~ emission is

(. r ,· ./-;,,·t.1 Sf f • • ; ;. .1-·>f •

Q. Since heat release rate per unit furnace cross sec~ion isas 10\' as ' hence the max i.11111~1 econOlFica1capacity of a AFDC Boiler get r.estricted t.o ._ to

TPH.

,C • / ,2,'/. (,

ih (''' 'l. .p4L eft iele.'.j by:;:illrl~ of 5l'C.llll hl'low OItmospher.e.

combustion effi,;iency than

range of u (/ ft to_~~

.rQ 1\ . 1.~N(:fN ;::'; ? vV :Steam Turbine blade mat·~r1al 15 '~f..,:···1 >, -,1. L ,~. ~----. ••••-

I

Condensing ' 'urbine exhaust etOQIU temp. f.../l,. t) ~ ~ C dm:ingcontinuous low load ope~ation.

Steam temp. ,' ('~-T'v.... duri n'.J throt l:linlJ process in

equipment ( .~rvI~ v •.••t~ Clod ) >,-1'. ~~,.). , f..~j-n.{ used forressure reduct on.

Condensor in Power Plant

decreasing the exhaust 1 .

CI: 'BCBoiler has L-;lUf.FBC Boiler and it is in he

~. ~

IJ.

N.

L.

velocity and e<1sy control of heat

response of a cpnc Boiler

R.

s.

A fluidiz'ab s o r p t i o n a llo\v5

to varying load. -

Hardness of steel mClY be de find asstatic & dynamic loads and also as resistance ~o

and

under

T. Steel t(laybe simlpy defined as an allow of iroll and carbon

which does not contain more than Ll % carbon.

Q.2 Write short notes on

(1) What ~s energy.

20

What are different mode of heat transfe__c__'_' _

What is the purpose of deaerator ?

Wnat is circulut~on rdtio ~Hi(iii)(iv)

(v) \'Jhat is theperformance.

effect of sulphure in c:>al on ESP

Why rotor heating is done in turbine ?Why chlorine is added in cooling W<1t01'vii)-

(vi)I · i<..,

(viii) \-lhatis the critical Fressure of \'latcr '_.=.:.C-=,

(ix) Name different type of governing ste~la tuchinc ?

(x) Which cycle has maximum thermodynamic efficlency workiny

between two given reservoir ?

(xi) ht what pressure tbe hydraulic te.:t of i3 nailer is

c~ ied out after erection on site ?

(xii) ,>]hat de- you mewn by Ilel of c.~(ul

(xiii) Why ~tre55

(xiv) What is normally percentage of e~cess 0i~ ~~pt in boilerfor efficient combustion ?

\ ;hi'lt .is •forced circulation'

vinat is 3 elEment c'xix)

(xx)

(xv) What is proximate analysis 6f co~l :

(x'vi) \yhat is thE limit. of dissovh; (:':':Y'J n in FW aEtel:

deaerator'? (2:) '007 ppn :: 7 p phxvii) What .is motcrial for Superheater (most commonly used) -:'

{xviii)l-Jhat is the normal limit cor BoilCc:1 UL'Uln lcv.d-lo\vprotection ?

;i. .

P.T.O.



(T\') }l'f)J1Clwi.ng di lt ,a worl:' r.n]1.p~l;;ed clllrinq tP.H': T ;: Rt~amBoiler: . 12

ii~ iil

iv.

v

-3-

Quantity of coal burnt: 750 kgs/hour.

Feed waier 5upplierl ~ 7000 kgs/hour.

CoV. of coal fired .• 8100 kcnl/kg.

Feed water temp. at economizer inlet 25°C.

Feed water temp. at economizer outlet BO°C.

Determine

8

20

ton of

The' tractive· effoct

2S0 C.

\Vork.

w i ht lccc~ctiv ~ is 2~OO Tort

required is 5kyf/ton dead weight of locomotiv~. The

coal burnt if 10't, of h.~il t re 1CClF;cd by the COil is

Oet,ermine the di.stcII,ce a lc,comotivcc;'rl yo on for

a) Thermal efficiency of plant.

(b) Calculate the hua t absorbed by fC0d Wiltor in va r.1.011S

components of boiler as t of total heat ab~orbed.

From steam tables 3t lOkgf/cm2 t, l79v06°C, h•..•181.1

kcal/kg, L=482 Kcal/kg. Cp==O.5 kCill/kg oC

1 Kg of coal on burniny gives BOOO Kcal of heot.a)

viii Temp. of 5tc~m leaving superheater

vi Stearn pressure = 10kgf/cm2.

vii DrynesS fraction of steam leaving boiler drum = 0.95

0.. Write short notes on :

a) NDT of components.

lb) Advbntage of pulvcri~~tiun.

cl Effect of vaccum on heat rate.

(d) Role of alloying elE~ment irl high tCIIlEJ· ~;t(~el.

e) Free mineral acid fMA)

20

Life

20

l?es idua 1

, ':''llll Cl tion .

t.ests with executioll procedure and itsto be conducted dUI i..n(J

Ci:llI;;eS' plant Resp('l,:',

Acti.on I for the [ollo' ..in'J Pli1nt :\bnocrnal i.,:ll.::;.

i Air ~re-heater fire

11 Slag in the water ~alls

f) Equivalent mineral acid lEMA).

(g) Boiler safety i:lterlocks system '·Iith ,·\('Lt.?d diagram.

(h) Fluidi7sl.' bed combu:;t'..on s,/o::tem.

(i) Steam Turbine cold :;t~lrtur to synChT Oll i :.i \IJ.

lj} Furnace oil specific':'I._l.On cIS ,Jcr I~;-I'J')j-\~71 codes.

Q .•Describevarious

?i\\:

aspect:.RU'.): \'lriteht:=sr?ecific

iv Condenser tube fil~lll[ e.

v Clinker formation .•.l AFTIe/CFee boiler.



/oU\.D O:'}\ PRADESH BOILER OPERA I ION l :NGnn;l.;HS EXl\MINi\ l TON ,JULY ~~QQ

me: 3.00 Hours BOILERS HEAT ENGINES Max.Marks 100

te:- Answer any Five question, No,l is compulsory. All questions

carry equal marks),

1 Pick up the mo t correct answer from the four options against

each question.

through a porous plug, temperaturen throttling:d real gasof gaa

a) I ooreases(c) Remains same

(b) Decreases

(d) Depends on initialtemperature

2. Frictional heating inside an insulated chamber is(a<, Reversible adiaba tic Proces 8

... B1' Irreversible adiabatic Procoss,(c) Isothermal Process.

(d) Isenthalpic Process.

1.

3, Value of Joules Nechaniccll

units is-.(4) 4.18\c) 22.4

Ollulvalerot of hei:lt;

b) 6.023 x 1023(d) 1

in S.l,

~. Head developed by a pump depends on-

(a) Density of-fluid (b) Temperature pi fluid

(cJ Speed of the pump ~d) All of the above.

5. TlJrbine exhaust--condenser is operating at '50 nunHg abs, on

'steam side and 0.5 atg on water side. AS per I.B.R.Condenser tubes are to be subJected to a hydraulic testpressure of-' ' ,._ -0.

(a) 100 mm Hg abs. (b) 1 ~tg

,(c) 2 Kg/Cm2 (d) 70 Kg/Cm2

Hydcazine doeing to feed water is controlled by monitoringresiduathyd~azine as-

b) 0.04 ppm(d) None of the above.

(b) Super Sdturated d Super heated.

Ja) 0.02 ppm«c) 2 ppm

In a 'vertical water tube natural circulation Boiler, waterin bottom headers 1s

~ Saturated(c) Sub cooldd

7.

6.

8. for Thermal Power Plant-

(a) Capacity factor = Load factor X Use factor

(b) Load facdtor ; Capacity factor X Use factor

(c) Use factor ; Capacity factor X Load factor\d Load factor X Capacity Factor X Use factor = 1

9. T QK ; Average temperature of Chimney Gases

Tl OK = Atmospheric air temperature.

W = Kg of Air Per Kg of fuel

K r = Draft in terms of gas column

H g Height of ChimneyCondition for maximum discharge through Chimney is-

(a) T = 2Tl (W+l)/W (b) H = H 1\c) Both (a) (b) (d) None of the above.

10. Useful heating value of coal

(a) Higher heating value(e) Calorific value X Boiler(d) None of the above.

is- .(b) Lower heating valueEfficiency

Con td. , .2 ctfi.-



Ratio of Primary air to Secondary air flow is-

( a) 1: 2 \b r--2 :l (c ) 1 ; 3 (d) 1: 4.

(5) The Ratio of Primary air velocity to Secondary air is

(a) 1 (b) les8 than 1 (c) More than 1 (d) Any value.

(6) Mill fineness for - 200 mesh should be -

(a) 70 (b) 50' (c) 30' (d) 20

(7 )

(8 )

The latent~heat is su~p1ied in a Boiler in -

\.~)/waterwall (b~ Superheater (e) Down comer (d) Rehea;er.\In natural circulation the driving force is due to(a) Force exerted by Drum pres £lure• , .'

.,(j;yPOensity difference ot Steam and wa'ter(c) Pressure of BFP(d) None of the above.

(9) In a boiler Hydrazene is fed in -(a) Main steam line (b) Reheat Steam line(c) CEP Suction line ~dr BF? Suction line.

(10) The critical Pressure for Ste~ater ia-a) 190 Ksc 2~5 Kspc)

275 Ksc (d)25 Ksc.

rise in Econ~miser is-

(a) 50°C (b). 100°C (c) °C (d) JOoC.-;

(b) At the bottom ~f boiler

(d) ,None of the above.

~b·)/~tside furnace

(d) None of the above.

Pent house i~ situated

(a) At the top of boiler(e) Below drum

Down comer is-(a) Inside furnace(e) On water wall surface

i

15.

14.

I.

16.

'(12) Ash fusion temperature is important for(a) Heat transfer in water wall(b) Cold end corrosion

~siag formation

(d) Flow at ash particle in Boiler.

(13) The-maincomoosi tion of Ash ..ealEil is form~c1,,_ :,,-_,-_ , cLi) Iiislde'the···tube··-- ..--- (b) Outside--the tube .(e) On the furnace ~efr~=~tr~ (d) None b the ~bove./

Control stage in the turbine is - I.

(a) Last stage (b) First stage(e) One atage before last state (d) None.

:

.:

17. The value of pressure setting of MS Safety valve is dona-\a) Higher t(.b-r-Lower

\c) Equal (d) None of the above.

18. Three element control is used for-

(a) Spray control ~Drum level control

(e) RH steam temperature control(d) SF? Recirculation control.

19. The Boiler efficiency in Modern Thermal Power Station is

in the range of-

( a ) 60 t (b ) 8 0 ,tc') 9 0 ( d ) 4 0

·20. Volatile matter limits-

(a) Maximum temperature in furnace.(b) Maximum Mill outlet temperature\c) Air temperature to Boiler(d) None of the above .

. ----.--

-



EXAMINATION MAI\CII-l ':J' :J.J

\uximum Mur~:; : 100

'rtme : 3 Hours

'BOIL~n5 AN 0 IIEAT ENe. IN t::S-The n'ark~

quc~tlCI1~,

from the (our opti,)nS o(jainst each 20

NO,l and any (our o( the renlaining,

'I U € l S l L0 11 () r c: L11 cJ I c<1I: c: (\ ,~ t the C 1\ d 0 ( the

Pic k u P the in 0 s t corr e c tan sw c r

quC sti011

Answer QUQstioncarded \ ~ e,'. c\)

0.1

Note

(i) Th,'} latell'. heat of steam vlitr increase of pl,~~sure

(a)( l,.'

~l(d

reill ~l.llS SQ 1IL:

inCL aSC

decreasesnone of Clbove

(ii) .In :h~ rl'generati'/o cyde, part of the sL(lam ls V/ithdrav1n'r0m the l u r bin e USe din hi at i n g the :

~(c)(d)

exhaust fanfoed watersteam being supplledall of the above

to the turbine

The \lLtimi'te anal.ysis uf coal is done to determine theperc~ntage :.

liit)

~tb)(c)

(d)

c';-rbon, hydFlgen, nitrogen, :.:-.llphur, as:1

higher calori,fic vL'Je

lower calorific valuefix.,-:l carbon, ash, vol~tlle matter, moisture

(i v) '.'I'h:::~l ':.';'\('~l the (:l11e'\'Iin ~ i~ I·.ct d regenerative air h =ator

l v 1

. ;'J '-J s t rom t, Y I) <, air 11eat c rdipnel1yl air heat'erTLlbdar air r,eClter?cbble h,eater.

'rl1o l.iliC<H ant stops il'\ tho procGlSSf' 1 r~r.t r 0 S t <;\ tL c i>' <: Lp 1 tat 0 r II r a

or pralcipltationin the

l. lonisation of gases charging of dllst ,particles.2. LJislodqing of particles from the coll\lcting 5urfa-::e.

3. Il\igration of particles to the collectol·.

4. D<:,<.IOSltion of dust p.3.rtlcles em th~ collecting surface.

The correct sequence o( dl((erent steps is :

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

1 .2,3.4.

1.3.2, ,4

4,3,2. I

1 .3.4 , '2

(a) to J o'lide adequate 5UPl)ly d liir [0:. l:'E' fuel cornbustion.

(b) to 'ischiHge the gases( c ) t \) ex h a \l s t the gas e 5 0 f com b \.lS t i 0 r, f r 0m th l: r.0n,l:iu s t ion

ch?\:nber.

(d) .;Ill)( the a )Qve.

( v L ) 1\ (.1r ,l\.\CJ h l i~',ro d II cad i1'\ a b,., i'. r :

(ContcJ .. 2)



: r·····,,(-

: I

.. 3 ..

xv) The three 'T'S f.or good combustl.on ale

,'{.a0empl'rature, tim~ e. turbulanee

tll) tot'~ ail:, true f.uel & turbulanee

tc) th'otoUS;h mb:l.ng, total air & temperdtur~,

( r' ' tot 0.1 a.i t\ n'e 8. t e mper a t u r e ,

(xvi) l r.omplete com'o\Jsllon can be bc',: juo'.lod by

smoKey chimney exitexcess 'r in flue gasesmeasuring e,' rbo mono-oxlde 1n flue 9 llse::;measuring oxygen 1n flue gases,

(xvii) Natural water circulation by convection in water tube boller:;& with iocrea,,'. '\n pressure of boiler:

incre/lser.

decreases

remains unaffected

first increases & I:.hen decreases

(u) :ombu.st1on e[(\.e10ncy

(b) leaKage oC air into boiler

tc) .. ultimate analysi of fuel

~d) analysin~ the fluJ ga~ on tho SpClt

('.Lx) The commonly \1S'l ~ mer.hod oC goVeL nin:j In steam turbInes tsb~

(a)

U-0-1/(c)

~)\

thro t tle go e rnin (d

nozzle cont~ol governin0

~ypass gov rn1ng

hydraulic ~overning

take

pede rmance 5

to wl.ieh oil' is heated \.n order to

vapour:; i.n sl\fflcl.pnt quantity '<')

when brought in contact with a

Ugh. WhOlt i;1cti,c;n will youit is allowed tu c'mt~. lUC ?Hll ciH ferentinl i:;

wh< t \'Illl. har '::n If

List out (T,ajor factors affecting mil1.ng plantassocl.ated 'II J.th the nature of coal handled.

,litnimum temperature

'jive o~[ In(lam ,bl.e gQHe monlentarlly:'lame.

(\)) tcmpratut'e al whteh It ;,oUdUle or coguals

(c) it catche:; lire w\.thout e>:ternal aidtd) none o( the OIbr)'Ie

(a)

(xx) POUl' ooLnt oC 'uel oIl i~ Lho

Q.2

What

5

authori ;ing ,the(5)

HI? heRter on the turbine sl.de have bp.en bypassed.

eUect ~t \'1\.11 have on the boller ;Jarameters ?

Enu.merate condition in which a certificateuse of Boiler J to be renewed

Vlhat .\5 dl([eren~p. between \?rimary Air & Secondary A.r, (5)

Vihat is 8 (urnacp. expl.osion 7

\b

la)

ld)

3

i~

1i \~



750 K~.

a (a)

.. 5 •.

Cdine equi.valent evaporati'jn (rom and at 100°C.

Foltowing observations were taken dudng a test on aLloilcr.

Ouality of L ~l burnt per Iiour

(5)

steam

15

, r IIf1ur

C.V. of coal fired

Temp. of feed water entering eeonomiser

Temp.of feed u(er leaviny economiser

Ste< .m Pressure

Dryness fractionc f

steam leavingBoUer Drum

Terr.p. of stt·am leaving super heatet'

7000 V I) ,

8100 KC<.ll/Kg.

uOOC

10 Kgf/Cm2

0.97

Determine the thermi.) efficiency of thr. plant. else

calculate the l~ca\: absorbed by (eee. water i', various

components as a percentage cf the total heat absorbed.

from steam table

at 10 Kgf/Cm ts

hfg : 462.1 Keal/Kg.

* • It .•

, .

hsuP

hf :: 181. 2 Kea l/Ies... ,

7 2 Kcal/K g.

. 1 ,l .......

-.•...

.. ... .

. , ;.~ .., :..

.:Cantd .. 2)



C.D -- -. ~·'···'7-····-·· .

;<ADBYIIRA[. ,;S BOILEROPFPATION~I_' S ElU\M1I1AUOR.MAY 2002

BOI:LERS ND E T tmGINES

Mit,xim wu Harks : 100

Note: Answer que~tion'No. 1 any four of rem~inin~.

Each q~estion carry equal marks.

Q.1 Fill up >:.he blanks (each 1iub-s~ction carries 1 mark..) 20

General velocity of' dry and saturatEd ,steam and

superheated ·steam in pipes are of 'range

B.

meter/see and

meter/secrespectiv~lyy

Fo: Carbon Steel pipes specifications ~ '3 I?er IS, BS and

DIN code are and r'C npectively.

C. Carbon Ste~l pipes are used for a ma~imum temp. of

°C.

be

-~he coal maynpresent

or un combustibles ga~es like

matterolatile

and i:--------cc:,\a.lstiblesgases as

D.

GrL1-.iibility of standard coal is derindF.f} as Sl h~ ';\M~ co<\\

and ':jrindibility of commercial coal vatles from <60-~----E.

ane.

tp. Excess air is determined from the:.I . ~ .. .- - .~-.-.. ..-__...

anj

is ulJu'ally rnaintE..lined

°C belo,,, th,e 'saturation

w~ - rl \1:1--r-~,---out+et temp.

to~

temfl--·to prevent

The rem~.val of gases is accomplished by heat ..ng the fe.ed

Excess air

The maximum economizer

formula.

H.

G.

F.

\ .

Deaerator safety attachments are

;~~~ipment called -+-0

I

°C wi';:hsubsequent, ag,it:ation in the

Tem{> ~~~

~Y.~,

<::A~~,\j~,,\ \{

\ {> >-II? \ 1. cl.-.'c oJ-ov .__

~~?S,, , \-\~~ o~

( ..~,

(iv)

v)

(iii)

i )(ii)

wa.ter to

I.



ESP

afdWnxy,ge;1

,...41 ~oal ?

dissovlef

'. ( ~. ,

ve~6c~~~- and easy control of'heat

:,' . ,respoi1se,'ofaCFBC Boiler

,mit

.,'....•~.

•

------Steel<l\\a.be simlpy defined a j an allow of iron and carbonwhich doe not contain more ~aan . carbon •

Hardnes; - of .steel ¥y be- def .nd ' as_6tatict dynamic loads ~nd als. as resistance to

and

Major attractive feature 9f CFBC Beiler w.r.f.•emission is

What is proxim~

Wh3t is thede':lerator?

(xvii) What is materia' for Superheater (mo3t commonly used) ~

(xv)

(xvi)

(xii)

(xiii)

(xiv)

(xi)

What are dl':,ferentmode of heat transfer ?, f \

What is the )~rp06e of deaerator ?

What is th· offc,,', of Bulphurp In coal onperformance • ,

(}Ii) Why rotor heat ',ngis lone in turbine ?

(vii) Why chlorine il added in cooling water?

(viii) What is the cr; :ical)ressure of water ?

(ix) Name different ~I?e of governing in steam turbine ~

x Which cycle ha maximum thermodynamic efficiency workin~betwe~n two ~i~'~n reservoir 1At what press' re 'the hydraulic testof _a Boiler i~carried out af .U' erection on Bite ? I

What do you me; .1 by HGI. of coal ?

Why stres6re:~eving is required for steam headers?

What is normall· percentage of excess air kept in boilefor efficient , mbustion ?

(iii)

(iv)

( v)

s .

T.

since heat release rate per unit urnace cross section isas 10' as henc the m:;\xi:uumconomical

capac

i :y of-a--A-F-B-C--B-o-~-'l-e-r--g-etes .:r icted tc .t

0. TPH.

----,-~. : A'.'_' '_ _.'_'. ·flui•.dizing,~ab~orpt on al10~~_ ,.

't,ov-ary n'g 10adXf-

Q.

Write short not,s on

P.

o.

N.

M.

_ ~ - •• . 1_

L.

K.

J.

....- -- -- -.-.~.-..- ~--.- ------.-~~------..c----

.@ . /,-2 -. L~-

.. ,';~~\ ,;;,.~~>,~&... ', ~.'\.Steam Turbine blade material __-- - ~ -\. ~congens :ng Turbine eX,haust stearn temp. ~. di',d.ng\continuous low load operation.

Stearn temp. duri~g tr.:ottlin9 pro~ess inequipment .and used forpressur-:: r-e-d-u-c-t-i-o-n-.---- ._. -----

Condensor in Power Plant efficiency bydecreasing the exha~st pressure of s~eam below atrnospheDei

CFae Boiler has . combust.ion efficiencytha'n

AFBC Railer and it .is in the ,range elf .'_ to% .---~-------

Major types of coal feeding system available in AFBC;Cl BCBoilel3 are and'

Q.2

. :.~. (i) ',' : What'. is e\ersy. ,.,....:. -_:~: ~-r- .._,.._.- .-::::.:.--~.,----.::.. , -_--_ : ~~~ __'..:c,--'-::.~ -- '.----'c •••• :' ':::-:-{i-I-)' i~b.i:ftis c.•.culation ratio ?

' ,:>

:~f>,i•.. ;'':

, , ..~.



2

.

3.

4.

b)

a)

Draw a neat schematic layout of Demineraliser Plant 8.explain the working.

Explain with neat sketches:

i) Boiler Safety Valveii) Steam Trap

Draw a neat sketch of Raymond Bowl Mill

explain the INOrkingof all components.

10

10

10·

b) i)

ii)

Draw a schematic layout of Oeaerator, BoilerFeed Pump High Pressure Feed.Water HeatE'lfs.

Explain how cycle effiCiency improveswith feed vvater heaters.

5

5

5. a)Estimate suitable size for a steam pife to carry dl~_140 Kg/Sec. of steam at 100.Kg/em pressure at 400ClC ..4 -Assume a steam velocity of 50 metre/second.

5

(:.~;~-

~'4'

·t

~i::~

~~;J~

~}.,.

\

6.

i

b) Write a note on Soot Blower

c) Write a detail note on annllJaloverhaul of boiler explainin details the inspections testing to be carried out.

. Explain the working of the fOI~Owing : I •

i) 'Nater Sbftenirig Plantii) Mechanical Chemical Deaerationiii) 3 Element Drum Level Control

iv) Automatic Combustion Control of the Boiler

5

10

20

boe thermal paper

Documents