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NUMBER OF PAGES 9 3 - - -

DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION

I Gusti N. DirgantaraIr. Dwi Priyanta,

MSE.Ir. Hari Prastowo,

MSc.

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

01 26/3/12 Document Format

DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN DECK MACHINERIES

ATTACHMENT NO. 01

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PHILOSOPHY

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Description 1

1.2 Objective 1

2. REFERENCES 1

3. ABBREVIATIONS 1

4. DESIGN PARAMETER 2

4.1 Principal Dimensions 2

4.2 Coefficients and Contants 3

4.3 Another Parameters 3

5. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 3

5.1 Rudder and Steering Gear 3

5.2 Equipment 5

6. SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 5.1.1 Rudder area geometry 4

LIST OF TABLE

Table 5.1.1 Coefficient k2 5

Table 5.1.2 Equipment Numeral 6

ATTACHMENT NO. 01 - CALCULATION

1. Rudder and Steering Gear 1

2. Equipments 4

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.b.1 Rudder area geometry 2

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.c.1 Coefficient k2 3

Table 1.c.2 Equipment Numeral 6

ATTACHMENT NO. 02 SPECIFICATION

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description

1.2 Objective

2 REFERENCES

a. Germanischer Lloyd Rules and Guidelines 2011

b. D. G. M. Watson, 1998. "ELSEVIER Volume 1". Practical Ship Design,

3 ABBREVIATIONS

A = Size of rudder area

c1 = factor for the ship type

c2 = factor for the rudder type

c3 = factor for the rudder profile

c4 = factor for the rudder arrangement

L = Length between perpendiculars

T = Draught

c = Mean breadth of rudder area

Af = Portion of rudder area located ahead of the rudder stock axis (m2)

CR = Rudder force and torque

v = speed for head condition

k1 = coefficient, depending on the aspect ratio A, A not to be taken greater than 2

k2 = coefficient, depending on the type of the rudder and the rudder profile

k3 = coefficient, depending on the type of the location of the rudder

kt = coefficient depending on the thrust coefficient CTh

ReH = The tensile strength of material

kR = material factor

Dt = Rudder stock diameter

Z1 = Equipment numeral

D = moulded displacement in sea water having a density of 1.025 t/m3 to the summer load WL

The deck machinery widely, is all equipments located outside the machinery space, and it has no relation with main propulsion. The deck machineries include steering gear, anchor, windlass,crane, capstan, and all kind of cargo access equipment such as bow thruster, rudder, andstabilizer. Some equipments that include in deck machineries, are required more than just astandard technique from machinery skill and usual control. Which is adjusted, to make all theequimpents work properly in marine condition and can work at any unique conditions thatalways happen on the deck. One consideration that needs to be planned in the selection of deckmachineries is the ratio between the cost to acquire equiments, with the amount of operatingcost by the equimpents. So our design can reach the design that approriate.

This document purposes are to determine the equiment related to deck machineries such asrudder, steering gear, crane, windlass, and chain locker

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h = effective height from the summer load waterline to the top of the uppermost house

= a+∑hi

a = distance [m], from the summer load waterline, amidships, to the upperd deck at side

∑hi =

A =

Tcl = The torque to lift anchor

Mcl = The torque momment to lift the anchor

Ga = weight anchors

pa = anchor chain weight every meter

la = long in chain (hanging)

γw = density is water of sea water

γa = density of significant yoke

Dcl = effective diameter from cable lifter

Mm = The torque momment in windlass motor and capstan rollers

Ne = Starting motor effective energy of windlass

Twb = Tensile strength of capstan

Nw = Rpm at capstant's roller shaft

dw = hawster diameter

Dw = winder of string diameter

Nc = Power of capstan's motor

S = he minimum require stowage capacity

4 DESIGN PARAMETER

4.1 Principal Dimension

We can find this ship's principal dimension from Lecture Design before, such as ;

1. Lpp = 123 m

2. B = m

3. T = 8.8 m

4. H = m

5. LWL = m

6. Vs = knot = km/jam

7. Distance = Nm = km

8. Time of Voyage = 4 days = 96 hours

4.2 Coefficient and Constants

1. Cb disp =

2. Cb wl =

3. Cp disp =

4. Cp wl =

5. Am =

6. Cm =

174.916

0.984

127.92

14.5 26.8308

1200 2222.4

125.46

0.69438

0.717

0.70321

sum of the height [m] of superstructures and deckhouses on the upper deck,measured on the centreline of each tier having a breadth greater than B/4.

area [m2], in the profile view of the hull, superstructures and houses, having abreadth greater than B/4, above the summer load waterline.

20.2

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4.3 Another Parameters

1. displacement volume = m3

2. weight displacement = ton

5 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Rudder and Steering Gear

a. Size of rudder area (A)

A = c1*c2*c3*c4.(1.75*L*T/100) m2 (1)

where,

c1 = factor for the ship type:

1.0 in general

0.9 for bulk carriers and tankers having displacement more than 50000 t

1.7 for tugs and trawlers

c2 = factor for the rudder type:

1.0 in general

0.9 for semi-spade rudders

1.7 for high lift rudders

c3 = factor for the rudder profile:

1.0 for NACA-profiles and plate rudder

0.8 for hollow profiles and mixed profiles

c4 = factor for the rudder arrangement:

1.0 for rudder in the propeller jet

1.5 for rudders outside the propeller jet


T = Draught

b. Rudder area geometry

Mean breadth of rudder area ( c )

c = (x1+x2)/2 (2)

15789.5

16184.3

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According to Germanischer Lloyd 2011, Chapter 1 Rudder and Manouvering Arrangement, Section14.A, each ship is to be provided with a manoeuvring arrangement which will guaranteesufficient manoeuvring capability. The manoeuvring arrangemennt includes all parts from therudder and steering gear to the steering position necessary for steering the ship. Rudder stock,rudder coupling, rudder bearings and the rudder body will discuss here.

In order to achieve sufficient manoeuvring capability the size of the movable rudder area(A) is recommended to be not less than obtained from the following formula :

for semi-spade rudders 50% of the projected area of the rudder horn may be includeinto the rudder area A. Where more than one rudder is arranged the area of eachrudder can be reduced by 20%

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b = A/c (3)

where,

according to figure 1.1 rudder area geometry


b = mean height of rudder area (m)

c. Rudder force and torque

CR = 132*A*v2*k1*k2*k3*kt [N] (4)

where,


k1 =

= (A+2)/3

k2 =



1.0 elsewhere, including also ruder within the propeller jet

1.15 for rudders aft of the propeller nozzle


= 1.0 normally

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Figure 5.1.1 Rudder area geometry

This formula is determined for normal rudders, the rudder force is to be determinedaccording to the formula:

coefficient, depending on the aspect ratio A, A not to be taken greaterthan 2

coefficient, depending on the type of the rudder and the rudder profileaccording to the table 1.1

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The rudder torque is to be determined by the following formula:

QR = CR*r [Nm] (5)

d. Rudder stock diameter

The diameter of the rudder stock for transmitting the rudder torque is not to be less than:

Dt = 4.2*((QR.kr)^(1/3)) [mm] (6)

where,

kR = (235/ReH)^0.75 for ReH > 235 [N/mm2]

5.2 Equipments

a. Equipment numeral (Z1)

The equipment numeral Z1 for anchors and chain cables is to be calculated as follows:

Z1 = D^2/3 + 2hB + A/10 (7)

where,

D =

h =

= a+∑hi

a =

∑hi =

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effective height from the summer load waterline to the top of the uppermosthouse


distance [m], from the summer load waterline, amidships, to the upper deckat side

moulded displacement [t] in sea water having a density of 1.025 t/m3 to thesummer load waterline

the material that will be used in this design is forged steel and cast steel for stern,stern frame, rudder post as well as other structural components, which aresubject of GL Rules for Metalic Materials (II-1). The tensile strength of forged steel

and of cast steel is not to be less than 400 N/mm2.

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Table 5.1.1 Coefficient k2

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A =

b. Anchor, chain cables and ropes selection

c. The anchor lift force maximmum weight

The formula will be determined such as follow:

Tcl = 2 x fh x (Ga + (Pa x La) x (1 - (γw/γa)) (8)

where,

Ga = weight anchors

fh = (1.28 ~ 1.35)

= take 1.35


= 0.0218 x Dc2




d. The torque momment to lift the anchor


Mcl = (Tcl*Dcl)/2*ηcl

area [m2], in the profile view of the hull, superstructures and houses, havinga breadth greater than B/4, above the summer load waterline.

after we find the value of equipment number, we can find another value from table 18.2Anchor, Chain Cables and Ropes that given by GL Rules.

from table 5.1.2 GL Rules above, according to the equimpent numeral's calculation, we canfind another value by plot the value of equipmen numeral value that we have found before.

Table 5.1.2 Equipment Numeral

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where,


= 13.6*dc

ηcl = effeciency of lifter cable

= 0.9~0.92

e. The torque momment in windlass motor


Mm = Mcl/(Ia*ηa) (9)

where,

Nm = 523~1160 rpm

ηa = 0.7~0.85

= take 0.7

f. Starting motor effective energy of windlass


Ne = Mm*Nm/716.2 (10)

g. Tensile strength of capstan


Twb = Rbr/6 (11)

h. Rpm at capstant's roller shaft


Nw = 19.1*Vw/(Dw+dw) (12)

i. The torque of capstan rollers


Mm = Twb/(Ia*ηa) (13)

j. Power of capstan's motor


Nc = Mm*nm/716.2 (14)

k. Chain locker

S = (1.1*d2*l)/100000 [m3] (15)

where,

d = chain diameter [mm] according to table 18.2 GL Rules

l = total length of stud link chain cable according table 18.2 GL Rules

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The chain locker is to be of adequate capacity and depth to facilitate an easy direct lead ofthe cables through the chain pipes and permit self-stowing of the cables. The chain locker isto be provided with internal divisions so that the chain cables may be fully and separatelystowed. The minimum require stowage capacity without mud box for the two bower anchorchains is as follows:

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6 SUMMARY

NO

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 m3

122.44 kN

227.73 kNm

1207.47

11420.72 kg

4193.69 kgm

57.28 kgm

31.19 kW

4500.00 kg

6.63 rpm

kgm

Chain locker Volume S 20.69

Rpm at capstant's roller shaft Nw

The torque of capstan rollers Mm

Power of capstan's motor Nc

81.50

44.38 kW

Torque in windlass motor Mm

Starting motor energy of windlass Ne

Tensile strength of capstan Twb

Equipment numeral Z1

Anchor lift force max weight Tcl

Torque momment of anchor Mcl

Rudder force CR

Rudder torque QR

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CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT

Size of rudder area

m2

18.94

Portion of rudder area Af

m2

0.75

A

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DESAIN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

ATTACHMENT NO. 01

CALCULATION

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1 Rudder and Steering Gear

a. Size of rudder area (A)

A = c1*c2*c3*c4.(1.75*L*T/100) m2 (1)

where,

c1 = factor for the ship type:

1.0 in general

0.9 for bulk carriers and tankers having displacement more than 50000 t

1.7 for tugs and trawlers

c2 = factor for the rudder type:

1.0 in general

0.9 for semi-spade rudders

1.7 for high lift rudders

c3 = factor for the rudder profile:

1.0 for NACA-profiles and plate rudder

0.8 for hollow profiles and mixed profiles

c4 = factor for the rudder arrangement:

1.0 for rudder in the propeller jet



T = Draught

for the result:

A = c1*c2*c3*c4.(1.75*L*T/100) [m2]

= 1*1*1*1*(1.75*123*8.8/100)

= m2

b. Rudder area geometry

Mean breadth of rudder area ( c )

c = (x1+x2)/2 (2)

b = A/c (3)

where,

according to figure 1.1 rudder area geometry

According to Germanischer Lloyd 2011, Chapter 1 Rudder and Manouvering Arrangement, Section14.A, each ship is to be provided with a manoeuvring arrangement which will guarantee sufficientmanoeuvring capability. The manoeuvring arrangemennt includes all parts from the rudder andsteering gear to the steering position necessary for steering the ship. Rudder stock, ruddercoupling, rudder bearings and the rudder body will discuss here.

In order to achieve sufficient manoeuvring capability the size of the movable rudder area (A) isrecommended to be not less than obtained from the following formula :

for semi-spade rudders 50% of the projected area of the rudder horn may be include intothe rudder area A. Where more than one rudder is arranged the area of each rudder canbe reduced by 20%

18.94

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b = mean height of rudder area (m)

for the result:

b = A/c

the value of ratio take 1.8

b = A/c

= 1.8c

A = b.c

= 1.8*c*c

c = (A/1.8)^0.5

= (18.94/1.8)^0.5

= 3.2 m

b = 1.8c

= 1.8*3.2

= 5.8 m

A' = 0.23*18.94

= m2

Af = A'/b

= 4.36/5.8

= m2

c. Rudder force and torque

CR = 132*A*v2*k1*k2*k3*kt [N] (4)

where,


k1 =

= (A+2)/3

This formula is determined for normal rudders, the rudder force is to be determined accordingto the formula:

4.36

0.75

Figure 1.b.1 Rudder area geometry

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coefficient, depending on the aspect ratio A, A not to be taken greater than 2

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k2 =



1.0 elsewhere, including also ruder within the propeller jet

1.15 for rudders aft of the propeller nozzle


= 1.0 normally

for the result:

CR = 132*A*v2*k1*k2*k3*kt

= 132*18.94*(7.46^2)*1*1.1*0.8*1.0

= N

= kN

The rudder torque is to be determined by the following formula:

QR = CR*r [Nm] (5)

where,

r = c(-kb) [m]

kb = Af/A

= 0.75/18.94

=

we found the minimal value, according to the rules balance factor as follows:

= for unbalance rudders

r = 3.2*(0.66-0.08)

= m

= 0.33 for ahead condition

0.66 for astern condition (general)

0.75 for astern condition (hollow profiles)

Table 1.c.1 Coefficient k2

122437

122.4

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coefficient, depending on the type of the rudder and the rudder profileaccording to the table 1.1

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0.04

0.08

1.86

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for the result:

QR = CR*r [Nm]

= 122437.4*1.86

= Nm

= kNm

d. Rudder stock diameter

The diameter of the rudder stock for transmitting the rudder torque is not to be less than:

Dt = 4.2*((QR.kr)^(1/3))[mm]

where,

kR = (235/ReH)^0.75 for ReH > 235 [N/mm2]

kR = (235/ReH)^0.75

= (235/400)^0.75

=

for the result:

Dt = 4.2*((QR.kr)^(1/3))[mm]

= 4.2*((227733.6*0.67)^(1/3))

= m

Steering Gear Hatlapa Marine Equipment

Type = 250

Working torque at 35◦= 250 kNm

Design torque at 35◦= 350 kNm

Max. rudder stock diameter = 300 mm

for the complete specification refers to attachment 2

2 Equipments

a. Equipment numeral (Z1)

The equipment numeral Z1 for anchors and chain cables is to be calculated as follows:

Z1 = D^2/3 + 2hB + A/10 (6)

where,

D =

h =

= a+∑hi

a =

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224.43

After we find the value of rudder torque and rudder stock diameter, we can determine thesteering gear spesification according to both of them value. The steering gear spesification willbe shown below :

227.7

moulded displacement [t] in sea water having a density of 1.025 t/m3 to thesummer load waterline

the material that will be used in this design is forged steel and cast steel for stern,stern frame, rudder post as well as other structural components, which are subjectof GL Rules for Metalic Materials (II-1). The tensile strength of forged steel and of cast

steel is not to be less than 400 N/mm2.

0.67

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227734

house

side

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∑hi =

A =

so the calculation of h value is:

h = height of navigation deck+boat deck+poop deck+main deck + (H-T)

= 2.5+2.5+2.5+2.5+(11.5-8.8)

= m

A1 = above the summer load waterline

= 127.8652*(H-T)

= 127.8652*(11.5-8.8)

= m2

A2 = main deck

= 28.42*2.5

= m2

A3 = poop deck

= 18.7*2.5

= m2

A4 = boat deck

= 12.6*2.5

= m2

A5 = navigation deck

= 11.2*2.5

= m2

A6 = forecastle deck

= 9.22*2.5

= m2

A = A1+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6

= 345.24+71.05+46.75+31.5+28+23.05

= m2

for the result:

Z1 = D^2/3 + 2hB + A/10 (7)

= (16184.3^(2/3))+(2*12.7*20.2)+(545.59/10)

= 1207.47


area [m2], in the profile view of the hull, superstructures and houses, having abreadth greater than B/4, above the summer load waterline.

12.70

345.24

71.05

46.75

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after we find the value of equipment number, we can find another value from table 18.2Anchor, Chain Cables and Ropes that given by GL Rules.

31.5

28

23.05

545.59

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b. Anchor, chain cables and ropes selection

a. anchor

number of anchor =

mass per anchor =

= stockless anchor

b. chain cables

=

=

=

=

=

c. towline

=

=

d. mooring ropes

=

=

=

length

breaking load

180

270

m

kN

4

breaking load

200

690

m

kN

number of ropes

stud link

diameter

length

60

52

46

mm

mm

mm

d1

d2

d3

type

3540

type

3

kg

522.5 m

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Table 2.a.1 Equipment Numeral

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total length

from table 18.2 GL Rules above, according to the equimpent numeral's calculation, we can findanother value by plot the value of equipmen numeral value that we have found before.

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c. The anchor lift force maximmum weight


Tcl = 2 x fh x (Ga + (Pa x La) x (1 - (γw/γa)) (8)

where,

Ga = weight anchors

= kg

fh = (1.28 ~ 1.35)

= take 1.35


= 0.0218 x Dc2

= 0.0218*60^2

= 78 kg


= 10 m


= kg/m3


= kg/m3

for the result:

Tcl = 2 x fh x (Ga + (Pa x La) x (1 - (γw/γa))

= 2*1.35*(3450+(78*10)*(1-(1.025/7750))

= kg

d. The torque momment of anchor


Mcl = (Tcl*Dcl)/2*ηcl

where,


= 13.6*dc

= 13.6*60

= mm

= m

ηcl = effeciency of lifter cable

= 0.9~0.92

= 0.9

for the result:

Mcl = (Tcl*Dcl)/2*ηcl (9)

= (11420.72*0.816)/2*0.9

= kgm

DECK MACHINERIES

11420.72

816

0.816

4193.69

: DESIGN IV

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: 01

: Attachment No. 01

3540

1025

7750

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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e. The torque momment in windlass motor


Mm = Mcl/(Ia*ηa) (10)

where,

Nm = 523~1160 rpm

ηa = 0.7~0.85

= take 0.7

Ndcl = 300/Dc

= 300/60

= 5

Ia = Nm/Dcl

= 523/5

=

for the result:

Mm = Mcl/(Ia*ηa)

= 4193.69/(104.6*0.7)

= kgm

f. Starting motor effective energy of windlass


Ne = Mm*Nm/716.2 (11)

= 57.28*523/716.2

= HP

= kW

g. Tensile strength of capstan


Twb = Rbr/6 (12)

where,

Rbr = 270 kN

= kg

for the result:

Twb = Rbr/6

= 27000/6

= kg

h. Rpm at capstant's roller shaft


Nw = 19.1*Vw/(Dw+dw) (13)

where,

Vw =

dw = hawster diameter

=

0.25

0.08

57.28

41.83

31.19

27000

4500

104.6

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: 01

: Attachment No. 01

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Dw = winder of string diameter

= 8*dw

= 8*0.08

= m

for the result:

Nw = 19.1*Vw/(Dw+dw)

= 19.1*0.25/(0.64+0.08)

= rpm

i. The torque of capstan rollers


Mm = Twb/(Ia*ηa) (14)

where,

Nm = 523~1160 rpm

Ia = 523/6.63

=

for the result:

Mm = Twb/(Ia*ηa)

= 4500/(78.88*0.7)

= kgm

j. Power of capstan's motor


Nc = Mm*nm/716.2 (15)

= 81.4981*523/716.2

= HP

= kW

k. Chain locker Volume

S = (1.1*d2*l)/100000 [m3] (16)

where,

d = chain diameter [mm] according to table 18.2 GL Rules

l = total length of stud link chain cable according table 18.2 GL Rules

for the result:

S = (1.1*d2*l)/100000 [m3]

= (1.1*(60^2)*522.5)/100m3

= m3

59.5134

44.3792

20.691

The chain locker is to be of adequate capacity and depth to facilitate an easy direct lead ofthe cables through the chain pipes and permit self-stowing of the cables. The chain locker is tobe provided with internal divisions so that the chain cables may be fully and separatelystowed. The minimum require stowage capacity without mud box for the two bower anchorchains is as follows:

0.64

6.63

78.88

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: 01

: Attachment No. 01

81.4981

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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STEERING GEAR SPECIFICATION

DECK MACHINERIES

DESAIN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

ATTACHMENT NO. 02

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: DESIGN IV: 07 - 42 09 050 - DM: 01

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book 07 [dm]

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