book iii unit 8 section a legal and moral implications of cloning liuqin school of foreign language
TRANSCRIPT
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Section A
Legal and Moral
Implications
of Cloning
Liuqin
School of foreign language
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
1.1. Learn about the legal and moral implications of Learn about the legal and moral implications of cloningcloning;
2. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text;Grasp the main idea and structure of the text;
3.3. Understand the important words, phrases and Understand the important words, phrases and sentence patterns in the text;sentence patterns in the text;
4.4. Be able to conduct text-based written and oral Be able to conduct text-based written and oral practices.practices.
Objectives of Section A
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Pre-class Task CheckingText UnderstandingDifficult Sentence
SummaryWritingPost-class Task
Words and phrases
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
1. What is the Cloning?
Cloning: The process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.
Pre-class Task Checking
2. How were you born?
They must know each other, love each other …
Book IIIunit 8
In traditional reproduction, a child gets half its genes from its ______ (in her egg) and half from its ______ (in his sperm).
motherfather
He may have his father’s nose, his mother’s eyes…, since …
Book IIIUnit 8
DNA donor
3. How is a cloned baby born?
Book IIIUnit 8
Book IIIUnit 8
4. What’s the difference?
Book IIIUnit 8
The combination of genes is a fundamental basis for human variation anddiversity.
All of the cloned child's genes would come from a ________. The child would be a genetic duplicate of that existingdonor.
DNA donor
Book IIIUnit 8
Human CloningHuman Cloning
Imagine that one day, you come backhome from work but find that there’sanother “you” in your house! Can youfigure out how things will change?
Book IIIUnit 8
Do you think people would like to be clonedonce human clone becomes a reality? Whatmay people respond to it?
Book IIIUnit 8
back
Text Understanding
I. Text Analysis
Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Book IIIUnit 8
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Main idea of the text ?
When a world with human clones was suddenly within reach, people’s reactions to it were strong and varied. They puzzled over a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that had arisen from cloning.Devices for developing it?
列举法列举法列举法列举法 讨论法讨论法讨论法讨论法
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
1. Listing ( 列举法 )
In the main part ( the third part) of the passage, the author lists as many as 6 puzzles on the issue of cloning.
The list of 6 puzzles:
1) Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? (Para. 4)
2) Will it be possible to clone the dead? (Para. 6)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
3) Would a cloned human be identical to
the original? (Para. 8)
4) What if parents decided to clone a
child in order to harvest organs?(Para. 11)
5) How would a human clone refer to the
donor of its DNA? (Para. 14)
6) What are the other implications of
cloning for society? (Para. 17)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
2. Discussion ( 讨论法 )
The author deals with the 6 common puzzles by offering different opinions from different experts through the device of discussion.
Puzzles & Discussions:
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 1: Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? (Para. 4)
Discussion: Most experts consider the human cloning falls into two broad categories: 1) parents clone a child to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults might want to clone themselves. (Para. 5)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 2: Will it be possible to clone the dead? (Para. 6)
Discussion: Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used by Wilmut’s lab requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible. (Para. 7)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 3: Would a cloned human be identical to the original? (Para. 8)
Discussion: Most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory. The only possible exception is bearing children. Wilmut and his coworkers are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs.They will try to find out once she’s old enough to breed. (Para. 10)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 4: What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? (Para. 11)
Discussion: Most experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tissue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 percent. (Para. 12)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 5: How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? (Para. 14)
Discussion: …Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of “Miss Manners”, suggests the phrase, “Most honored sir or madam”. Why? “One should always respect one’s ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the world.”…The editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun “clonee” may sound like a good term, but it’s not clear enough. Instead, he prefers “original” and “copy”. (Paras. 15-16)
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Puzzle 6: What are the other implications of cloning for society? (Para. 17)
Discussion: …Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: “the clones”. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the Americas, and endlessly debated whether or not they were humans. (Para. 18)
II. Text UnderstandingII. Text Understanding
Answer the questions from the text…
Book IIIUnit 8
Part I. The News (Para. 1)
1. What’s the news?
Lan Wilmut and his colleagues
successfully cloned a sheep named
Dolly.
Book IIIUnit 8
Text Study—Understanding
2. What did the success mean?
A world with human clones
was suddenly within reach.
Book IIIUnit 8
Text Study—Understanding
Part II. The Responses (Paras. 2-3)
3. What was the response from governments?
They hurried to draft guidelines.
Book IIIUnit 8
Text Study—Understanding
Part II. The Responses (Paras. 2-3)
4. What was the response from President Clinton?
He ordered to study the legal and moral implicationof cloning.
Book IIIUnit 8
Text Study—Understanding
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 4-5)
5. What was the response from scientists and others?
They had a long list of difficult puzzles about the appearance of Dolly.
Book IIIUnit 8
Text Study—Understanding
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 4-5)6. Why would anyone want to clone a human being?
Parents want to ______________________________ _____________________.
Adults might want to __________________
______________.
provide transplants for a dying
child or to replace him
various reasons
clone themselves for
Book IIIUnit 8
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 6-7)
Yes, if the body is fresh.
7. Will it be possible to clone the dead?
Book IIIUnit 8
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 8-10)
8. Would a cloned human be identical to the original?
in appearance
YeYess
NNoo
in personalities
Book IIIUnit 8
(Paras. 8-10)
identical genes
identical people
WhyWhy??
8. Would a cloned human be identical to the original?
Book IIIUnit 8
Because personality is heavily influenced by life experience and environment.
(Paras. 8-10)
Book IIIUnit 8
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 11-13)
9. What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?
For the cloned child, it’d be
____________________.
For cloned animals,it’d be _____.
psychologically harmful
OK
Book IIIUnit 8
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 14-16)10. How should a human clone refer to
the donor of its DNA?
the originalthe original
Father ?Mother ?
Book IIIUnit 8
Part III. The Puzzles (Paras. 17-18)11. What are the other implications of cloning for society?
Whether the cloned are human or not will
______________.cause debate
Book IIIUnit 8
Part IV. summary and expectation. (Paras. 19)
12. Is the list of questions finished?
No, it is just the beginning…
back
Book IIIUnit 8
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Difficult Sentences1. If cloned animals could be used as organ
donors, we wouldn’t have to worry about cloning twins for transplants. (L. 48)
Translate: 如果把克隆的动物用作如果把克隆的动物用作器官捐赠，器官捐赠，那我们就不必那我们就不必
考虑考虑为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。为器官移植而克隆双胞胎了。
You try:You try: 1. 如果每个人都能够认识到自然资源并非取之不
尽，那我们就不必再担心人们对资源的盲目开发了。
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
If everyone could realize natural resources are not inexhaustible, we wouldn’t have to worry about any blind exploitation of them.
2. 如果我们能在大学学习期间培养出强烈的社会责任感，那我们的父辈就不必为中国的未来担心了。
If we can develop a strong sense of responsibility for society in the course of our college studies, our elder generations won’t have to worry about the future of China.
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
2. “One should always respect one’s ancestors,” she says, “regardless of what they did to bring one into the world”. (L. 59)
Translate: “ “ 不论不论他们用什么方式将你带到这个世界，” 她说，“他们用什么方式将你带到这个世界，” 她说，“人总得人总得
尊敬自己的祖先。”尊敬自己的祖先。”
You try:You try:1.1. 无论你做什么，你应该坚持这样一条真理：不劳则无获。Regardless of whatever you do, you should always
adhere to the truth—no gains without pains.
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
3. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century. (L. 68)
Translate:有位专家相信有位专家相信，这一情形，这一情形类似于类似于 1616 世纪时的一种情况世纪时的一种情况。。
You try:You try: 许多年轻人认为爱情可以比作一片汪洋，要么滋润你的心田要
么冲垮你的理智。Many young people argue that love could be comparable
to a vast expanse of water, which either nurtures your heart or floods your reasons.
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
4. In the wake of Wilmut’s announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. (L. 6)
Translate: 就在就在威尔莫特宣告成功威尔莫特宣告成功之后之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满，为了一个未知世界，一个充满
各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即各国政府立即起草指导方针。起草指导方针。
You try:You try:那次失败以后，他急着寻找机会重新证明自己In the wake of that failure, he hurried to look for
chances of reproving himself.back
1.word that…/of… 关于 ······ 的消息 (L. 1)关于他考试作弊的消息在校园里传得很快。
Word of his cheating in the exam has been spread fast on the campus.
Words and phrases
Book IIIUnit 8
2. Succeed in doing sth. (L.2)
她成功地完成了老师交给她的任务。She succeeded in finishing the task the teacher
assigned to her.
其他一些要求动名词做宾语的动词词组：aim at, depend on, devote to, engage in, feel like, can’t help, insist on, keep… from,look forward to, persist in, prevent…from,put off, set about, thank for, be busy…,have trouble/difficulty/ problem doing sth.
Book IIIUnit 8
3. within reach (L.5)(1) inside the distance that a hand, etc. can
touch(2) inside the distance that can be (easily)
travelled I see that you live within reach of Seattle. 我知
道你住得离西雅图很近。反义词： beyond/out of one’s reachAn expensive trip like that would be
completely beyond/out of my reach. = I can’t afford
Book IIIUnit 8
这几位青年人把那个乏味的戏着实演得生动活泼。
The dull play really came to life through the performance of these young people.
4. to come to life 活跃起来，表现生动 (L. 5)
Book IIIUnit 8
她正忙着为下月的演讲比赛起草演讲稿。
She was busy drafting her speech for next month’s speech contest.
5. to draft guidelines for… 为 ······ 起草指导方针 (L. 6)
Book IIIUnit 8
一见倾心是不明智的。其一，你们彼此不甚了解；其二，这样的爱情很难长久。
It is unwise to love at first sight. In the first place you know little about each other and in the second it is hard for such love to last long.
6.in the first place 首先；起初；其一 (L. 15)
Book IIIUnit 8
物以类聚，人以群分。Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into a group.
7. to fall into 可分成；属于 (L. 17)
8. to be identical to / with 与 ······ 一模一样；就等于 (L. 28)
The tests are identical to those carried out last year.
His behavior is identical to betraying us.
Book IIIUnit 8
他考虑任何事情都从金钱的角度出发。He thinks of everything in terms of money.
9. in terms of 从 ······ 方面（来说）； 根据；按照 (L. 36)
10. What if…? 要是 ······ 怎么办 / 怎么样？ (L. 43)不要过早地介入爱情游戏。要是你失恋了怎么办？
Don’t get involved in love games too early. What if you suffer from failure in love?
Book IIIUnit 8
失败是成功之母。考虑到这一点，他开始重新审视这次试验的失败。Failure is the mother of success. With this in mind, he began to take a new look at the failure in this experiment.
11. with sth. in mind 出于 ······ 目的 ; 考虑到某事 (L. 46)
Book IIIUnit 8
在一些人眼里，爱情就像是个迷宫，充满了诱惑和陷阱。In the eyes of some people, love is comparable to a maze, full of lures and traps.
12. to be comparable / similar to 可与 ······ 相比；类似于 (L. 68)
Book IIIUnit 8
他就这个问题苦苦思考了好几个钟头，但还是摸不着头脑。
He puzzled over the problem for hours, without making head or tail of it.
13. to puzzle over 努力思考 (L. 69)
Book IIIUnit 8
我一直搞不懂为什么一些人可以不劳而获。
I keep wondering about why some people can reap without sowing.
14. to wonder about 对 ······ 好奇；想知道；对 ······ 疑惑 (L. 71)
back
Book IIIUnit 8
With the success of cloning an adult mammal, a world with human clones was suddenly __________. Governments hurried to _____________ for an unknown future. At the same time, cloning has generated a long list of _____________ for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. Six puzzles or questions on the issue of cloning are listed. They are about the _____________ implications of cloning. People are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world aftercloning.
withindraft guidelines
difficult puzzles
legal and moral
reach
Summary
back
Book IIIUnit 8
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
Writing I. Structure Analysis
See text book on page 216-218II. Your Task
Write a paragraph with a general statement explained by listing on one of the following topics.
My Major in Mechanical Engineering
A list of reasons of my decision:• enjoy math and physics; • family tradition;• a variety of jobs For your reference
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
My Major in Mechanical
Engineering There were three reasons why I decided to choose mechanical engineering. The most important one was that I had always enjoyed both math and physics, and mechanical engineering seemed about the best way to combine these two. Secondly my father had been an engineer and had always encouraged me to do something similar. Lastly, I am sure there would always be a wide variety of jobsavailable for qualified engineers.
back
NoNo
YesYes
Is human clone a good thing?
Post-class Task
I. Idea Sharing
Book IIIUnit 8
• fight fatal diseases • save dying relatives• help infertile people have children• create genius• extend human life• enhance civilization• create new immune systems ( 免疫系统 )• grow organs and tissues for transplant
surgery ( 移植手术 )
TipTipss
Book IIIUnit 8
• deny human rights • reduce variety of human gene pool• unsafe • abnormalities • birth defects• a shorter life• religious objections• psychological harms• degrade the quality of parenting and family life
Book IIIUnit 8
Book IIIUnit 8Book IIIUnit 8
II. Finish the Exercises on the textbook: Vocabulary, Collocation; Word Building, Sentence Structure; Translation, Cloze.
back
