botany for master gardeners kim conway texas agrilife extension
TRANSCRIPT
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Botany for Master Gardeners
Kim ConwayTexas AgriLife Extension
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Naming Plants
Carl Linneaus (1707-1778)
Binomial nomenclature
Based on flower parts– Family– Genus– Species
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Plant Categories
Angiosperms– Monocots– Dicots
Gymnosperms– Conifers
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Life Cycles
AnnualsBiennialsPerennials
– herbaceous– woody
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Plant Parts & Functions
Sexual– flower
Asexual– leaves– stems– roots
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Roots
Primary RootsTaprootLateral RootsFibrous
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Roots
KneesButtressed
Aerial
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Tuberous Roots
No Nodes
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Root Structure
endodermisepidermis
phloem
root hair
pericycle
endodermis
casparian strip
meristem
rootcap
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Dic
ot
Root
Dic
ot
Root
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Mon
oco
t R
oot
Mon
oco
t R
oot
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Stems
SupportVascular SystemBuds
– Leaf Bud– Flower Bud– Terminal– Lateral/Axillary– Adventitious
Leaves
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Meristems
Primary Growth – apical meristem or apex
Secondary Growth– Vascular cambium or cambium
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Primary Growth - Monocot
epidermis
vascular bundle
phloem
xylem
bundle sheath
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Mon
oco
t S
tem
Mon
oco
t S
tem
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Primary Growth – dicot or gymnosperm
epidermis
phloem
xylem
pith
cortex
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Dic
ot
Ste
mD
icot
Ste
m
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Secondary Growth - dicots
periderm
phloem
cambium
xylem
ray
crushed cortex and past year’s phloem
32 1 pith
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Modified Stems - Crowns & Stolons
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Modified Stems - Spurs
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Modified Stems
Bulb
Tuber
Rhizome
Bulb
Corm
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Types of Leaves
Scale leavesSeed leavesSpinesThornsTendrilsBrachtsNeedlesSimple
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Leaves
Absorb
sunlight
for photosynthesis
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Leaf LayersLeaf Layers
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Stomates
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Leaf Venation
PinnatePinnatePalmatePalmateParallelParallel
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Double Pinnate CompoundDouble Pinnate CompoundPalmate CompoundPalmate CompoundSimpleSimpleLeaf TypesLeaf Types
Pinnate CompoundPinnate Compound
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Leaf Shapes
Linear
Elliptical
Ovate
Lanceolate
Cordate
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Leaf
Typ
es
Leaf
Typ
es
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Leaf Margins
EntireSinuateCrenateDentateSerrate IncisedLobedCleft
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Leave Arrangement
alternate oppositewhorled
whorled
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Sexual Plant Parts & Functions
(Flowers)
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Parts of the Flower
Petal
Anther
Filament
Sepal
OvuleReceptacle
StigmaStyle
Ovary }Stamen{Pistil
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Types of Flowering Plants
Monoecious = 1 House– Corn– Pecan
Dioecious = 2 Houses– Holly– Junipers
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Flowers
Complete = Pistil, Stamen, Petal, Sepals
Incomplete = Missing One Perfect = Pistil & Stamen
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How Seeds Form
PollinationPollen tubeFertilization
Pollen Germination
Growth of Pollen Tube toward Ovule
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Types of Flowers
Solitary - one flower per stemInflorescence - a cluster of flowers
– racemous - indeterminate (flower from the bottom up)
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Racemous Flowers
Spike - flowers attached to peduncle - gladiolus
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Racemous Flowers
Raceme - individual flowers attached by tiny stems to the peduncle– Bluebonnet
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Racemous Flowers
Catkin – Mulberry– birch
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Racemous Flowers
Corymb – yarrow
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Racemous Flowers
Umbel – – dill, – onion– queen
anne’s lace
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Racemous Flowers
Head –– sunflower – daisy
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Flower Types
cyme - determinate - flower from the top down - top florets open first– dischasium cyme - baby’s breath– helicoid cyme - freesia– scorpioid - tomato (alternate)
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Types of Inflorescence
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Fruit
Fruit consists of the fertilized and mature ovules (seeds) and the ovary wall.
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Parts of the Fruit
seed
dry fruit(corn) fleshy fruit (peach)
exocarp
mesocarp
endocarp
pericarp
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Types of Fruit
Berry
Pepo
Pome
Hesperidium
drupe
pod
aggregate
multiple
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Parts of the Seed
testa (seed coat)
hilum
micropyle
dicot seed (bean)
plumule
epicotyl
cotyledon
hypocotyl
radicle
embryo
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Seed Germination
WaterLightHeatOxygen
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The End