AP Environmental Science

**Lab Report

Bottle Biosphere Project

• The Goal is to include a community of organisms that is planned to balance each other in their chemical needs and waste products and to provide an energy flow from the light that enters the container to all living things inside

• The test period will run for two weeks

• A formal, written report will be produced at the end of the experience consisting of:▫ Plan▫ Construction Methods▫ Charts/Diagrams▫ Observational Records▫ Conclusion▫ Analysis

Overview

• Required prior to construction

• Must include:▫ Type of container & method of sealing (hint: balloons make good lungs!)

▫ Type of environment (aquatic/terrestrial/combination)▫ List of non-living components▫ Water source▫ Nutrients added▫ Biotic components – must include at least one producer, consumer, and decomposer. Include

numbers and source▫ Most Important: Rationale for Success – discuss WHY you think you Bottle Biosphere will survive

for two weeks once sealed. Discuss the needs of each organism and how those needs will be met. A labeled sketch is required at this stage and must be checked off before you may proceed to the Construction Phase

The Plan – required prior to construction

•Note the date of construction & date each organism is added. Plants may be started prior to addition of animals & sealing

• Include as complete a list of organisms as possible, both macroscopic and microscopic• Provide the source of each organism as a clue as to what other life forms may be

“hitching a ride”. Also note if you rinsed the organisms prior to adding them to your biobottle

• Record the condition of all organisms in your biobottle• Record the actual amount (mass, size or number) of each organism sealed into your

biosphere• Explain any modifications made from the original plan• Describe you construction methods – how did you build the thing?!• Include in the construction report anything else that you think is interesting as you

build your system

Construction

Materials…• Six 2L bottles per group, at least 3 caps• Coffee filter paper• Small, clean rocks• Boba tea straws• Spiders/ praying mantis• Sticks• leaves, grass clippings, fruit pieces (decomposition chamber)• Worms• Rolly pollys• Clear packing tape• Soil• Drill with small hole• Grass seeds• Fish/ snails• Elodea/ water plants• Sand • Other…

• Purpose: to illustrate how life may be able to survive in your biosphere

• Must have at least two charts/diagrams▫ Energy Flow Chart – how light energy is converted to food energy and

cycled through your biosphere▫ Biogeochemical Cycle Chart – how materials found in living things cycle

through the biotic and abiotic components of your biosphere• Each diagram must be on unlined paper not less than 8.5x11

inches and not more than 18x24 inches• All drafting and lettering should be neat and clearly readable• Labeled, carefully drawn pictures of all organisms in your

biosphere should be included in at least one of your diagrams• Color is good!• PHOTOS!!!!

Charts & Diagrams

• Careful, detailed and dated observational records are essential in analyzing what is going on inside your biobottle and evaluating the success of your design

•Make your 1st observation prior to sealing the container and then a second immediately after sealing

• Thereafter, each member of the team will make a detailed observation every class day, or more often if you notice rapid changes within your biosphere

• Each observation should include a mention of each macroscopic organism and any changes in their quantity, size, condition and behavior

•Other items to observe include the appearance of the water, soil, sediment and the sides of the biosphere

Observational Records

So what happened and what have you learned??

•First Part - a survey of what organisms are still alive, in what quantities, and in what condition

•Second Part - an explanation of facts that you learned from keeping a record of observations

•Third Part – improvements and changes. How would you re-design your experiment a second time? What new information would you seek to gather? Give a reason for each change.

Conclusion

1. Keep it simple!!2. No mammals, birds or

poisonous organisms3. Remember the 10% rule4. Lots of decomposers in

soil, but aquatics need natural sediments or gravel from a working fish tank

5. No “colonial” organisms (ants, bees, termites, etc)

Additional Info…

6. What do plants do at night??7. Be sure to leave some room in your bottle for an “atmosphere”8. What will be the relative humidity in your bottle? Are your organisms

adapted to that?9. Where can you get your organisms?

a) pet storesb) bait shopsc) self-collectedd) plant nurseries

Common Issues/Questions

• Terrestrial:▫ grasses (often winter rye collected from the

floor of Home Depot)▫ dichondra & other ground covers▫ the “leafier” the plants, the better!▫ isopods (roly-poly/pill bug)▫ large variety of self-collected insects▫ crickets (yes, they escape and my room

“chirps” for months ;-)▫ worms (must have good drainage!)

• Good time to remind students of 10% rule (avoid 3rd trophic level)

• Warning: remind students of humidity level inside biobottle – crickets mold and moths stick to the sides!

• Aquatics:▫ anacharis/elodea▫ Indian waterweed (Hygrophila polysperma)▫ seed snails (often on the anacharis)▫ zebra danios▫ common guppies▫ betas▫ a variety of algae-eaters with good growth

of algae in bottle or anacharis▫ critical – gravel from working fishtank or

substrate from a natural source!• Warning!! Many aquaria plants are non-

native invasives. NEVER dispose of these plants (or any store-bought organisms) into the environment.

What works well?