bourne gardening club final
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Organic Gardening -- A Commonsense Approach Presented to Bourne Gardening Club March 11, 2013TRANSCRIPT
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Master Gardeners of Cape Cod
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WHAT IS ORGANIC GARDENING?
A Common Sense Approach
March 2013
Mary Lou Roberts
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WHAT WE’RE GOING TO COVER
• What is the meaning of “Organic?”– How do we identify it?
• How about “Natural?”• Organic Vegetable Gardening• Organic Fruit Gardening• Flowers?• The Wonders of Compost
March 2013
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Master Gardeners of Cape Cod
SHOULD YOU TAKE NOTES?
Please do if you want to remember any of my ‘words of wisdom.’
However, I’ve posted these slides on the Internet.I’ll give you that link and links to
Other important resourcesAt the end.
March 2013
Mary Lou Roberts
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How Many of You Are Organic Gardeners?
Entirely?Partly?Not Sure?
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ORGANIC AND RELATED CONCEPTS
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THE DEFINITION OF ORGANIC
Organic is a labeling term that indicates that the food or other agricultural product has been produced through approved methods. These methods integrate cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity. Synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, and genetic engineering may not be used.
From the USDA National Organic Program websitehttp://www.ams.usda.gov/
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WHAT ORGANIC IS NOT
• Not Just the Avoidance of Conventional Chemicals
• More Than Just Substituting Organic Inputs for Inorganic Ones
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PROVIDING THE LIGHT, WATER, NUTRIENTS, AIR THAT PLANTS REQUIRE
Courtesy Russell NortonCape Cod Cooperative Extension Education Officer
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HOW DO WE IDENTIFY ORGANIC PRODUCTS?
There are other symbols. This is the official USDA symbol.
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Reece Latron uses a tractor to carry baskets of greens harvested from Amy's Organic Garden in Charles City, VA. While the certification system is rigorous to ensure integrity of the USDA organic label, thousands of producers and handlers continue to invest in these activities to market their products as organic. USDA Photos by Lance Cheung http://blogs.usda.gov/2012/10/10/organic-101-five-steps-to-organic-certification/
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RELATED SYMBOL
Certifies products for use on operations that are certified organic under the USDA National Organic Program.
https://www.omri.org/
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ADDITIONAL SYMBOL
The definition of organic specifically excludes genetically engineered products (GMOs).
Council for Responsible Genetics a non-profit organizationhttp://
www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/
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There is no official definition of
Natural.
‘Natural’ Can Mean Anything a Marketer Wishes!
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THE KEYS TO ORGANIC
• The Soil• Fertilizers, Herbicides and Pesticides• Maintenance, including Watering• Seeds and Plants
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ORGANIC SOILAs Defined by the NOP
• MAINTAIN or IMPROVE the Organic Content of Soil – By Using Compost, for Example
• WITHOUT– Contaminating CROPS, the SOIL itself, or WATER
• Possible Contaminants– Fertilizers with Non-Approved Additives (e.g. Vermiculite with Asbestos
Content)– Disease-Causing Organisms (e.g., Salmonella, E coli)– Heavy Metals (e.g. Lead from paint disposal, Arsenic from Old Orchard
Insecticides and many others)– “Residues of Prohibited Substances”
• http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5087122
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USE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, HERBICIDES, PESTICIDES
• First, Look for ‘Organic’ and Possibly one of the Symbols
• Then Read the Label – Fertilizers Need Appropriate Balance of NPK and
other Desirable Elements– Herbicides and Pesticides• Are they Appropriate for Your Issue?• At What Time of Year/State of Pest Development Are
They Effective?
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ORGANIC AMENDMENTS
Courtesy Russell NortonCape Cod Cooperative Extension Education Officer
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MINERALS FOR FERTILIZER USE
Courtesy Russell NortonCape Cod Cooperative Extension Education Officer
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CONSIDER ALTERNATIVES TO PEST/HERBICIDES
Sticky Yellow Paper Beneficial Insects
Ladybugs for mail order GardensAlive.comPraying Mantis Egg Case ces.ncsu.edu
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PHYSICAL BARRIERS CAN BE HELPFUL
Photo Courtesy Russ Norton, CCCE
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PLANT AN INSECTARY GARDEN
http://www.pallensmith.com/articles/marge-says-plant-an-insectary
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MAINTAIN THOUGHTFULLY
• Water As Needed– Morning; Keep Water off Foliage
• Intensive Planting and Weed Barriers• Weed ‘Mechanically’ As Much as Possible
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THE DEMO GARDEN APPROACH
At the Fairgrounds Planting Through Black Plastic
Both Photos Courtesy Susan Sweeney, Master Gardener
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PLANTING THE RAISED BEDS
Soaker Hose, Hay Everywhere Black Plastic for Heat Loving
Both Photos Courtesy Susan Sweeney, Master Gardener
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CHOOSING SEEDS AND PLANTS
• To Be Entirely Organic– Use Organic Seeds– Organically-Grown Plants
• How Far You Choose to Go is a Personal Decision
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ORGANIC VEGETABLE GARDENING
START EARLY!
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Peas Mid-May
One Raised BedTwo Crops
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Peas Early June
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Peas in Mid-July When Other Vegs are Established
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Kale, Broccoli Raab and Chard early AugustIntensive Planting Chokes out Weeds
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Thin by Eating!
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BUT THIN ADEQUATELY
Raab Smothering Kale Raab Gone
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October 1 – Chard Providing Bountiful Harvest
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Single Plant With Adequate Room Much Larger
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Planting Tomatoes—Getting Manure and Compost Down to Roots
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Seems to WorkCukes and Beans on Same Trellis Didn’t
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HAVE SOME FUN!
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Purple Beans Get Attention
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Profusion of Sunflowers—Also Edible
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Beans Use Sunflowers for Supports
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MAINTAIN
WEED AND WATER FAITHFULLY
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PLASTIC, CAGES KEEP PRODUCE OFF GROUND
Zucchini Directly on Plastic ‘Home Made’ Tomato Cages
Both Photos Courtesy of Bob Brancale, Master Gardener
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INTENSIVE, SUCCESSION PLANTING OF VEG WITH DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS
Courtesy of Bob Brancale, Master Gardener
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Carefully Maintained Blackberries with Bird Deterrent Photo Courtesy Al Saperstein, Master Gardener
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Blueberries in the Demo Garden
Photo Courtesy Bob Brancale, Master Gardener
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ADD EDIBLES
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Calendula, Fennel in mid SeptemberFall Peas in Background
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Nasturtiums
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Basil Flowers, Other Herbs, are Excellent
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Pansies in early January
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OTHER EDIBLE FLOWERS
• Bachelor’s Buttons• Dianthus• Some Marigolds in Addition to Calendula– Signet Paprika, Mexican Marigold Mint
One Theory is That If the Leaves are Edible,Flowers are Also (Borage, for example)
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TRY A WINTER GARDEN
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Prepping for Winter
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Winter Greens in January
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Mustard Greens Cut Back
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Arugula, Volunteer Garlic Early January
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Garlic for Next Spring
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Early January Snow
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THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF COMPOST
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How Many of You
Make Compost?
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COMPOSTING
Composting is a process by which organic wastes are broken down by microorganisms,
generally bacteria and fungi, into simpler forms.
From UMass Extension Fact Sheet “Waste Management and Composting”
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BASIC COMPOSTING ISSUES
• Materials – 30 Carbon: 1 Nitrogen• Temperature = 160°– 3’ x 3’
• Environment– Warm, Damp Well Aerated
• Container
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I Use Both a Plastic Composter and Wire Bins
Note Soil fromNon-Organic
Flower Containers
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SOME DESIRABLE MATERIALS
http://extension.umass.edu/cdle/fact-sheets/waste-management-and-composting
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UNDESIRABLE MATERIALS
• Too Much Nitrogen, Water, Large Items• Cooked Material, Especially Meat• Inorganic Materials• DISEASED PLANT MATERIAL
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THE ULTIMATE GOALS
• Abundant, Healthful Food for Our Families and Communities
• Sustainable Practices for the Environment
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MASTER GARDENERS OF CAPE COD
THANK YOU!
Questions/Discussion?
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A FEW RESOURCES• • UMass Cooperative Extension many good fact sheets written for the MA farmer or gardener• http://ag.umass.edu/• • • Maine Organic Farmers & Growers Association fact sheet• http://www.mofga.org/Portals/2/Fact%20Sheets/TB%201%20Organic%20Gardening%20Basics.pdf• • Composting Website• http://howtocompost.org/• • Waste Management and Composting fact sheet• http://extension.umass.edu/cdle/fact-sheets/waste-management-and-composting• • Edible Flowers• http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/hil/hil-8513.html• • Organic Gardening Soil Amendments• http://www.your-vegetable-gardening-helper.com/organic-gardening-soil-amendments.html• • • Videos• • How to Grow an Organic Garden• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFsSlS7IHBg• • Composting• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKG8xRTFktg• • • Newsletters, etc. (there are many, but 2 I especially like are)• • Mother Earth newsletters• http://www.motherearthnews.com/• • Renee’s Garden• http://www.reneesgarden.com/•