Operating System Market Shares

Ryan (2008)

We need to question whether or not Windows is indeed the best, or more importantly, the safest operating system!

Is windows the safest Operating System?

Absolutely Not!Why?

Why?Why?

How?

Let me explain why technology is bad!

Insecure Design

Windows PCs

Viruses

Trojans

Malware

Spyware

Security Weak Points

Open Ports

Firewall

Unrestricted Access

99% of time computer is being run as Admin

(“Microsoft Windows:Insecure by Design,” 2003, p. F07)

Mac and Linux Permissions

99% of the time you can, and SHOULD, use the PC as a

normal user that does NOT have access to change or modify the

system

(“Microsoft Windows:Insecure by Design,” 2003, p. F07)

So why doesn't Windows offer more secure options?

Unrestricted access is simple.Huge market share means no

pressure to change.

A Checklist to Help Secure Your Windows system

Use NTFS on all your partitions

Disable Simple File Sharing

Use passwords on all user accounts (windows lets you create users that don't have passwords!)

Disable the Guest Account

Use a firewall better than Windows version.

Install Anti Virus and Spyware programs

Keep up to date with hotfixes and service packs

Make sure that Remote Desktop is disabled

Disable unnecessary services (such as the “messenger service” we discussed earlier)

Disable default shares

Keep in mind, all these changes still don't guarantee a secure system because most users have unrestricted access!

Windows XP Security Checklist. (2006)

Steps to Secure Mac and Linux

Turn on computerCreate administrator accountCheck firewallCreate restricted user account to use 99% of the timeGet automatic updates when available

Why should you be concerned?

Top viruses and threats to computers.

http://craigchamberlain.dreamhosters.com/malware/Skoudis%20-%20Infosec%27s%20Worst%20Nightmares%20Nov%202002.htm

How bad can it really be?Crime:In 1988, one of the first Internet worms was created by a Cornell University student named Robert T. Morris The worm, rightfully called Morris, crippled approximately 6,000 of the 60,000 computers online at that time. That's 10%! It caused between an estimated $10 and $100 million dollars in damage.

Punishment:$10,050 fine3 years probationTeaching gig at MIT!

Crime:The Melissa Virus was named after a Florida lap dancer favored by it's author David L. Smith. The Melissa virus was so severe it forced Alcatel-Lucent, Intel, and even Microsoft to shut down their e-mail systems.

Punishment:$150,000 fine and 40 years in prisonreduced to 20 months and $5000!for working undercover for the FBI to help catch other hackers.

Crime:Code Red and Nimda of 2001 took the world by storm!

Nimda took just 22 minutes to spread worldwide by creating masses of e-mails and sending itself! You could also get this worm simply by visiting an infected website!

Code Red infected Microsoft IIS Web servers and drastically slowed Internet connectivity world wide costing an estimated $2.6 Billion in damage.

Punishment: None! Authors never found.

Crime: Sasser 2004 spread across Windows XP and Win2000 machines forcing Australian trains to halt, and grounding 40 trans-Altantic flights from Delta Air.

Punishment:21-month suspended sentence!The code was written by a German teenager who was tried as a minor!

(Kretkowski,2007)

Threats of the past?

What about now?

What about the future?

What about new operating systems like Vista?

Surely the world must care?

And be doing something about it!

I rarely use the computer

So how much does it really affect me?

Some Recent Headlines!

"UNDERWORLD fraudsters are using random number generators to tap into the bank accounts of Irish customers.”

HACKED OFFSunday Mirror, Aug 3, 2008LISA O'CONNOR

Gary McKinnon, due to be extradited to the US, accused of hacking into the

Pentagon from his home in north London

Hacked offIndependent, The (London), Aug 2, 2008

Key Player In TJX Cards Data Breach Pleads Guilty“23-year-old Damon Toey agreed to testify against his

accomplices in thefts at TJX, BJ Wholesale Club, Sports Authority, OfficeMax, Dave & Buster's, Barnes & Noble and several others which cost credit unions millions of dollars to replace cards and pay for fraud

losses. The card information was sold openly over the Internet and used to manufacture counterfeit cards.”

Credit Union Journal, The, September, 2008

Ed Roberts

“Instances of identity theft continue to affect millions of Americans. In 2007 alone, the crime affected 8.4

million people nationwide”

Resolution Services Combat Workplace Productivity Loss Related to ID Theft Crime

Market Wire, June, 2008

User Error costs Millions and

it's our own fault

As much as 50 percent of the Tyler Medicaid fraud division's files were destroyed in July when a server

being repaired by a state vendor wouldn't restart. In all, 81 criminal cases and eight months of work in the attorney general's 13-person Tyler Medicaid fraud

office were lost.

Medicaid data lost in computer crash, report saysFROM STAFF AND WIRE REPORTS

Friday, October 24, 2008

Palisade Systems Announces Consistent Trend of Data Loss By U.S. Organizations, Projecting

4,200,000 Violations AnnuallyPR Newswire, August 19, 2008

Annual Violation July Projected Type Totals Totals Credit Card Number (PCI violations) 207 2,000 Social Security Number (GLBA violations) 1,214 63,128 Personal Health Information (HIPAA violations) 44,373 2,307,396 Personal Financial Information (GLBA violations 14,528 174,336

Technology is not bad

The users lack of understanding technology is bad!Technology can NOT exist without the user!Until society is ready to take the time to learn and understand the dangers we cannot risk such vast use of technology that we currently utilize!Our finances. Our confidentiality. Even our LIVES are at risk!

More Looming Threats…

Morals and Ethics of

Information Technology

Entry Level Standards for Michigan Teachers

Standard 7:

Demonstrate knowledge of equitable, ethical, legal, social, physical, and

psychological issues concerning use of information technology.

Who Is Responsible?

TEACHERS

STUDENTS

Teacher Roles In Technology

Teachers have the power to do good with technology…BUT they must follow

ETHICAL

MORAL

LEGAL

S T A N D A R D S

Teacher Roles In Technology

Common Reasons for Improper Technology Use

Irresponsibility

Naivety

Unawareness

Lack of Knowledge and Actions

Example One– Irresponsibility

“A Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools teacher faces firing for posting derogatory comments about students on

Facebook, while four others have been disciplined for posts involving ‘poor judgment and bad taste’”

(Doss Helm, 2008)

Teacher Roles in Technology

Poor Leadership

Disrespectful to Students

Inappropriate Behavior

Poor Role Modeling

Pictured above is the teacher in question

Teacher Roles in Technology

Reader responses to the Charlotte teacher:

“Issues of proper social networking behavior face our schools every day. Students (and teachers) need an effective curriculum that teaches expectations and

protocol.”

“I am completely shocked! I think it's everyone's right to social networking. However, as teachers, we have to

know where and when to draw the line.”

(Doss Helm, 2008)

Example Two—Inappropriate Actions

“If there was any doubt about the power of blogs, consider the case of Michael Gee. A part-time journalism professor at Boston University, Gee

was fired recently after he posted comments in a blog about the looks of a female student in his

course.”

(Roberts, 2005)

Teacher Roles in Technology

Gee was guilty of:

“Violating the trust essential to the student-teacher relationship."

(Roberts, 2005)

Example Three– Naivety & Unawareness

Jeffrey Spanierman, a teacher from Connecticut, created a MySpace page

"to communicate with students about homework, to learn more about the students so he could

relate to them better, and to conduct casual, non-school related discussions”

BUT…

Teacher Roles in Technology

One of his colleagues reported the page which contained nudity, inappropriate comments, and

personal conversations with students

RESULT: TERMINATION

(Neuburger, 2008)

Legal Issues

-- Is the school public or private?

-- Are there state statutes that impose standards on the teacher, or obligations on the school with respect to teacher discipline? -- Did the conduct involve expression that may be protected by the First Amendment?

-- Did the conduct have a connection to the school environment?

(Neuburger, 2008)

Teacher Roles in Technology

Word of Caution

Anything you post on the Web can be potentially viewed

Teacher Roles in Technology

Additional Concerns

1. Lack of clear expectations2. Specific and purposeful guidelines3. Rules and standards

Student Roles in Technology

While Teachers Develop Expectations and Standards…

Students Must Follow Through

Student Roles in Technology

Common Reasons For Improper Technology Use:

Cyber bullying

Inappropriateness

Misuse

Example One– Cyber Bullying

-- Kylie Kenney, an 8th grader from Vermont

-- Harassed with websites created by her classmates

-- Threatened, degraded with homophobic remarks and crude comments

(“Stories of Cyber Bullying,” 2008)

Kylie Kenney speaking out on Cyber Bullying

Example Two– Inappropriateness

--Two Penn State students mocked Virginia Tech's shooting victims on Facebook.

-- Displayed photos of students dressed in costumes with VT t-shirts and fake gunshot wounds

(Zywusko, 2008)

Example Three– Misuse

-- Cut & paste plagiarism

-- In 2001, A University of Virginia physics professor checked student papers for plagiarism using a homemade computer program

-- 158 students were charged!

(“Technology Sniffs Out Student Plagiarism, 2007)

Who Else Has A Role in Technology?

Parents

Schools

Community

Closing Remarks

Closing Remarks

In The Future…

Act with caution

Acknowledge possible threats

Be aware, alert and attentive

Additional Technology Concerns…

Accessibility

Credibility

The Unknown

ReferencesDoss Helms, Ann . "Teachers Disciplined for Facebook Postings." Charlotte Observer 12 Nov. 2008. 20 Nov.

2008 <www.charlotteobserver.com>.

Neuburger, Jeffrey. "Teacher Fired for Inappropriate Behavior on MySpace Page." Media Shift . 28 Nov. 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/10/teacher-fired-for-inappropriate-behavior-on-myspace-page289.html>.

Roberts, Paul. "Journalism Teacher Fired For Lewd Blog Comments." E Week . 25 Nov. 2008 <http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Messaging-and-Collaboration/Journalism-Teacher-Fired-for-Lewd-Blog-Comments/>.

"Stories of Cyber Bullying in the News, Schools, Myspace, Facebook." Cyber Bullying Alert | CyberBullying Prevention Software | Internet Harassment. 30 Nov. 2008 <http://www.cyberbullyalert.com/blog/2008/10/stories-of-cyber-bullying/>.

"Technology Sniffs Out Student Plagiarism, With Unsourced Copying On The Rise, New Software Programs Are Being Used To Combat Cut-And-Paste - CBS News." CBS News - Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News . 30 Nov. 2008 <http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/03/17/tech/main2580771.shtml>.

Zywusko, Ashley. "PSU students mock VT tragedy on Facebook - Midstate Buzz with PennLive.com." Read your favorite Central Pennsylvania blogs - PennLive.com. 30 Nov. 2008 <http://blog.pennlive.com/midstatebuzz/2007/12/psu_students_mock_vt.html>.

Images

Students--http://www.ocms.org.uk/images/students-at-computers.jpg

Kylie Kenney--http://www.fightcrime.org/images/home_page/dc081706.gif

Morals and Ethics--http://www.ldesign.com/KGLPhoto/Photos/OnEthics/OnEthics3/Graph.jpg

Technology Saves--http://teaching.mrbelshaw.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/02/cartoon-technology.gif

Virginia Tech--http://blog.pennlive.com/midstatebuzz/2007/12/psu_students_mock_vt.html

References

Ryan, (2008). Cybernet Retrieved November 29, 2008 from http://cybernetnews.com/2008/01/10/os-browser-market-share-history/

Kretkowski, P. (2007). ITSecurity. Retrieved November 29, 2008 fromhttp://www.itsecurity.com/features/10-worst-virus-attacks-111207/

Windows XP Security Checklist. (2006). Retrieved November 29, 2008 from http://labmice.techtarget.com/articles/winxpsecuritychecklist.htm

Microsoft Windows:Insecure by Design. (2003, August 24). The Washington Post, pp. F07 Retrieved November 29, 2008 from http://soundingcircle.com/newslog2.php/__show_article/_a000195-000451.htm

ImagesMatrix Background - http://www.overclock.net/other-software/114179-finally-matrix-screensaver-rocks.htmlMarket Share -http://cybernetnews.com/2008/01/10/os-browser-market-share-history/Threats -http://craigchamberlain.dreamhosters.com/malware/Skoudis%20-%20Infosec%27s%20Worst%20Nightmares%20Nov%202002.htm