Brazil: Domestic Interests & Foreign Policy

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Military

• Traditionally involved in politics • During military dictatorship

national security developmentalism

• Withdrew from period of direct rule relatively unscathed• Provide hard power to aspirations to make South America a Brazilian sphere of influence

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Defense Strategy Components

• Armed forces modernization

• Control of national territory – especially Amazon Basin

• Strengthening defense industry

• Privileged position of armed forces personnel

• Space

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Weaponry •Second largest arms industry in the Western Hemisphere.• Goals

•grow and continue to advance technology.•Possession of military systems without going to foreign suppliers.

• Ministry of Defense views the development of its arms industry/ technology as a strategic element in international positioning.

EMBRAER: Crown Jewel of the Arms Industry

•Since the early 20th century, the armed forces have pursued the goal of weapons self-sufficiency. •1980 – Net exporter of arms. And one of the leading armament exporters in the developing world. •1988-1990 – Industry almost collapsed. •1994 – Appeared the industry would not disappear with the privatization of Embraer who rolled out the EMB-145 in 1995.

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Domestic Brazilian Corporations

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Company Location Business/Fields Sales

1 Petrobras Rio de Janeiro, RJ Petroleum and Energy •38,441

2 BR Distribuidora Rio de Janeiro, RJ Wholesale (fuel) 10,567

3 Telemar Rio de Janeiro, RJ Telecommunications 6,311

4 Telefonica São Paulo, SP Telecommunications 5,699

5 Ambev São Paulo, SP Beer and drinks 5,3446 Ipiranga Rio de Janeiro, RJ Wholesale (Fuel) 5,060

7 Volkswagen São Bernardo, SP Automobiles 4,791

8 Shell Rio de Janeiro, RJ Wholesale (Fuel) 4,382

9 General Motors São Caetano, SP Automobiles 4,131

10 Brasil Telecom Brasilia, DF Telecommunications 3,913

11 Bunge Food Gaspar, SC Food and Drink 3,866

12 Pão de Açucar São Paulo, SP Retailer 3,858

13 Vale do Rio Doce Rio de Janeiro, RJ Mining 3,628

14 Carrefour São Paulo, SP Retailer 3,628

15 Brasken Camaçari, BA Petrochemical 3,345

Odebrecht: From Salvador to Hemispheric Profile

• Business – Fields– Engineering– Infrastructure

• Political Ties• Venezuelan presence

– Lula’s interests– Chavez’s interests

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Agra-business

• Tomato• Orange • Coffee• Sugar Cane

• Soy: Number 1

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Brazilian Operations of Multinational Businesses

• Brazilian and Chinese companies sign agreement on renewable energy projects

• Three Gorges Company

• Automobiles • Ford do Brasil

• Confira nossas ofertas e volte a ser o aventureiro que você sempre foi.

Fiat do Brasil •

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Pressure from Below

• Landless Workers Movement

• Contact with unions in other countries

• Protest in the streets

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Non-Governmental Organizations • 270,000 NGO’s

– 29,000 receive federal funds – 100,000 work in Amazon– Legitimate and illegitimate

activities

• Focus– Human Rights– Environment – Health– Architecture & Urban

Planning – Cultural Exchange

Renewable Energy Nongovernmental Organization Network, Brazil

(RENOVE) (RENOVE)

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