Brazil’s innovation and research strategy models as drivers for

development:Achievements, Problems and

ChallengesThe 16th Conference of China Association for Science and

TechnologyKunming, Yunnan, China

May 23, 2014

Helena Nader – President

Presented by: Aldo Malavasi - General Secretary

Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science – SBPC

Evolution of Brazilian graduate programs and

research achievements

“Between 1997 and 2007 the number of Brazilian papers in indexed, peer-reviewed journals more than doubled to 19,000 a year.

Brazil now ranks 13th in publications, according to Thomson Reuters, having surpassed the Netherlands, Israel, and Switzerland. Brazil's universities awarded twice as many Ph.D.s this year as they did in 2001, and thousands of new academic jobs have opened up on 134 new federal campuses.” (Science, Dec. 3, 2010)

Scientific PapersBrazil, Latin America and the World

Science 330:1306, 2010

Published Papers in ISI indexed Journals 2013

Source: Thomson Reuters. InCites, 2014.

Rank Country Papers% of total papers in the

world1 USA 378.625 27,02 CHINA 219.281 15,63 GERMANY 102.271 7,34 ENGLAND 94.660 6,85 JAPAN 78.447 5,66 FRANCE 70.732 5,07 CANADA 62.804 4,58 ITALY 61.963 4,49 SPAIN 55.096 3,9

10 AUSTRALIA 53.296 3,811 INDIA 51.660 3,712 SOUTH KOREA 51.051 3,613 BRAZIL 38.523 2,714 NETHERLANDS 37.570 2,715 RUSSIA 29.077 2,116 TAIWAN 27.699 2,017 SWITZERLAND 27.325 1,918 TURKEY 25.510 1,819 IRAN 25.415 1,820 SWEDEN 24.416 1,7

Brazil’s published papers according to the area of knowledge (2009-2013)

Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.

Nr. Areas Papers Citations Impact % world1 Clinical Medicine 36.354 139.779 3,8 3,12 Plant & Animal Science 21.269 45.504 2,1 6,63 Agricultural Sciences 19.849 33.856 1,7 11,04 Chemistry 13.697 57.883 4,2 1,95 Physics 11.370 68.297 6,0 2,16 Social Sciences, General 9.288 15.140 1,6 2,47 Biology & Biochemistry 8.223 34.775 4,2 2,68 Engineering 7.862 23.691 3,0 1,69 Environment/Ecology 5.951 24.120 4,1 3,2

10 Pharmacology & Toxicology 5.510 20.297 3,7 3,211 Neuroscience & Behavior 5.349 28.837 5,4 2,312 Materials Science 4.912 16.973 3,5 1,613 Molecular Biology & Genetics 4.171 21.911 5,3 2,114 Mathematics 3.724 6.207 1,7 2,015 Immunology 3.520 20.175 5,7 3,116 Microbiology 3.344 13.946 4,2 3,717 Geosciences 3.267 13.411 4,1 1,818 Psychiatry/Psychology 2.457 8.417 3,4 1,419 Computer Science 2.168 5.212 2,4 1,520 Space Science 1.563 11.637 7,4 2,321 Economics & Business 1.238 1.587 1,3 1,122 Multidisciplinary 249 3.007 12,1 2,0

Nr. Área Brazil Latin

America World Brasil relative to

Latin America (%) 1Agricultural Sciences 4.010 5.736 37.811 69,92Clinical Medicine 7.567 11.049 256.699 68,53Pharmacology & Toxicology 1.123 1.811 36.538 62,04Neuroscience & Behavior 1.195 2.008 50.097 59,55Molecular Biology & Genetics 1.016 1.730 42.814 58,76Materials Science 1.113 1.986 73.553 56,07Plant & Animal Science 4.779 8.611 66.493 55,58Psychiatry/Psychology 547 988 38.018 55,49Chemistry 3.063 5.738 155.999 53,4

10Computer Science 568 1.066 34.245 53,311Multidisciplinary 83 156 3.602 53,212Microbiology 772 1.453 19.486 53,113Social Sciences, General 1.767 3.337 81.514 53,014Biology & Biochemistry 1.822 3.488 68.967 52,215Physics 2.503 4.828 112.940 51,816Immunology 831 1.619 24.375 51,317Mathematics 838 1.731 40.573 48,418Environment/Ecology 1.461 3.306 43.234 44,219Engineering 1.814 4.175 114.456 43,420Economics & Business 279 694 24.296 40,221Geosciences 736 1.965 42.336 37,522Space Science 367 1.417 13.900 25,9

Published papers from Brazil, Latin America and the world according to the areas of knowledge

(2013)

Source: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.

Nº Areas% Brasil in world scientific published papers

2009 2010 2011 2012 20131Agricultural Sciences 11,0 10,9 11,6 10,8 10,62Plant & Animal Science 6,2 6,4 6,5 6,7 7,23Microbiology 3,6 3,3 3,7 3,9 4,04Immunology 2,7 3,1 3,0 3,2 3,45Environment/Ecology 2,8 3,1 3,4 3,2 3,46Pharmacology & Toxicology 3,5 3,1 3,3 3,2 3,17Clinical Medicine 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,1 2,98Biology & Biochemistry 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,69Space Science 1,9 2,6 2,3 2,2 2,6

10Neuroscience & Behavior 2,5 2,3 2,2 2,3 2,411Molecular Biology & Genetics 1,9 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,412Multidisciplinary 1,5 1,3 2,1 2,3 2,313Physics 2,0 1,9 2,0 2,3 2,214Social Sciences, General 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,7 2,215Mathematics 1,8 2,0 2,1 1,9 2,116Chemistry 1,9 1,9 1,8 1,9 2,017Geosciences 1,7 1,8 1,9 1,7 1,718Computer Science 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,719Engineering 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,620Materials Science 1,7 1,6 1,4 1,6 1,521Psychiatry/Psychology 1,4 1,5 1,3 1,5 1,422Economics & Business 1,1 1,1 1,0 1,1 1,1

Fonte: Thomson Reuters. InCITIES. 2014.

Percentage of Brazil’s published papers according to the area of knowledge with respect

to the world production (2009 to 2013)

AchievementsBrazilian leadership in

S&T&I• Aerospace (airplane industry # 4 world)• Agriculture (orange, soybeans, sugarcane, tropical fruits and

cereals)• Animal production (cattle, pig and poultry)• Automation: banks (before Internet); elections (results in

few hours)• Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel)• Cellulose and Paper Industry• Insect biological control• Oil production in very deep water• Tropical diseases and Public Health

Highlights on Brazilian Science Production

The basis of Brazilian scientific research is heavily oriented to agriculture, ecology and infectious diseases. Brazil is world leader in papers related to sugar, coffee and orange. The cattle industry produces 33% of the cattle embryos in the world. The research in these areas is growing steadily enough in order to put Brazil in a good position to approach the global concerns with food security, climate change and conservancy.

World Ranking of published papers and citations (1996 – 2012

SCImago)

Rank CountryDocuments Citable documents Citations Self-Citations Citations/

Document H index

1 United States 7.063.329 6.672.307 129.540.193 62.480.425 20,45 1.380

2 China 2.680.395 2.655.272 11.253.119 6.127.507 6,17 385

3 United Kingdom 1.918.650 1.763.766 31.393.290 7.513.112 18,29 851

4 Germany 1.782.920 1.704.566 25.848.738 6.852.785 16,16 740

5 Japan 1.776.473 1.734.289 20.347.377 6.073.934 12,11 635

6 France 1.283.370 1.229.376 17.870.597 4.151.730 15,60 681

7 Canada 993.461 946.493 15.696.168 3.050.504 18,50 658

8 Italy 959.688 909.701 12.719.572 2.976.533 15,26 588

9 Spain 759.811 715.452 8.688.942 2.212.008 13,89 476

10 India 750.777 716.232 4.528.302 1.585.248 7,99 301

11 Australia 683.585 643.028 9.338.061 2.016.394 16,73 514

12 Russian Federation 586.646 579.814 3.132.050 938.471 5,52 325

13 South Korea 578.625 566.953 4.640.390 1.067.252 10,55 333

14 Netherlands 547.634 519.258 10.050.413 1.701.502 21,25 576

15 Brazil 461.118 446.892 3.362.480 1.151.280 10,09 305

16 Taiwan 398.720 389.411 3.259.864 790.103 10,41 267

17 Switzerland 395.703 377.016 7.714.443 1.077.442 22,69 569

18 Sweden 375.891 361.569 6.810.427 1.104.677 20,11 511

19 Poland346.611 339.712 2.441.439 652.956 8,25 302

20 Turkey 306.926 291.814 1.935.431 519.675 8,24 210

http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php

World Ranking of published papers and citations (2012 -

SCImago)

Rank CountryDocuments Citable

documents Citations Self-Citations Citations/ Document H index

1 Switzerland 395.703 377.016 7.714.443 1.077.442 22,69 569

2 Netherlands 547.634 519.258 10.050.413 1.701.502 21,25 576

3 United States 7.063.329 6.672.307 129.540.193 62.480.425 20,45 1.380

4 Sweden 375.891 361.569 6.810.427 1.104.677 20,11 511

5 Canada 993.461 946.493 15.696.168 3.050.504 18,50 658

6 United Kingdom 1.918.650 1.763.766 31.393.290 7.513.112 18,29 851

7 Australia 683.585 643.028 9.338.061 2.016.394 16,73 514

8 Germany 1.782.920 1.704.566 25.848.738 6.852.785 16,16 740

9 France 1.283.370 1.229.376 17.870.597 4.151.730 15,60 681

10 Italy 959.688 909.701 12.719.572 2.976.533 15,26 588

11 Spain 759.811 715.452 8.688.942 2.212.008 13,89 476

12 Japan 1.776.473 1.734.289 20.347.377 6.073.934 12,11 635

13 South Korea 578.625 566.953 4.640.390 1.067.252 10,55 333

14 Taiwan 398.720 389.411 3.259.864 790.103 10,41 267

15 Brazil 461.118 446.892 3.362.480 1.151.280 10,09 305

16 Poland 346.611 339.712 2.441.439 652.956 8,25 302

17 Turkey 306.926 291.814 1.935.431 519.675 8,24 210

18 India 750.777 716.232 4.528.302 1.585.248 7,99 301

19 China 2.680.395 2.655.272 11.253.119 6.127.507 6,17 385

20 Russian Federation 586.646 579.814 3.132.050 938.471 5,52 325

http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php

Highlights on Brazilian Science Production

Rank Country Score Percentage Rank1 Switzerland 66.6 92.12 Sweden 61.4 61.73 United Kingdom 61.2 58.14 Netherlands 61.1 82.25 United States of America 60.3 39.76 Finland 59.5 53.17 Hong Kong (China) 59.4 23.48 Singapore 59.4 14.89 Denmark 58.3 45.3

10 Ireland 57.9 60.211 Canada 57.6 52.412 Luxembourg 56.6 77.313 Iceland 56.4 79.414 Israel 56.0 73.715 Germany 55.8 72.316 Norway 55.6 43.217 New Zealand 54.5 36.818 Korea, Republic of 53.3 33.319 Australia 53.1 18.020 France 52.8 56.030 Slovenia 47.3 51.035 China 44.7 90.739 Costa Rica 41.5 94.340 Lithuania 41.4 26.252 Uruguay 38.1 68.756 Argentina 37.7 86.060 Colombia 37.4 44.663 Mexico 36.8 60.964 Brazil 36.3 51.7

142 Yemen 19.3 12.7

Innovation in the WorldGlobal Innovations Index

Cornell University,INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.

The Framework of Global Innovation Index 2014

Cornell University, INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.

Cornell University, INSEAD,and WIPO (2013): The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Geneva, Ithaca,and Fontainebleau.

Fonte: UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010

Chalenges:Number of Researchers

Natural Sciences and Engineering, per selected region / countries: 2008 or last available data

Chalenges: number of scientists or engineers

Source: National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2012

The fourth age of research

J. Adams, Nature 497: 557-60, 2014

Problems to be solved Continuous public budget cuts on the financing

sources allocated to Science, Technology and Innovation.

Low investments from the private sectors. Backwardness on basic education, particularly in

high school level, which directly affects the quality of learning processes at universities, and consequently, scientific productivity.

Lack of English proficiency that makes internationalization a difficult task to accomplish.

Challenges (1) – Efforts on Education Although great efforts have been undertaken in order to

promote great advancements on graduate programs in the past 30 years, there is a large distortion among Brazilian regions

To continue the expansion policy of the national graduate educational system.

Duplicate in 5 years the number of Physics and Chemistry teachers .

Duplicate in 10 years the number of undergraduate courses in engineering, physics, chemistry and in the areas of pharmacology and drugs

A strong policy to enhance the quality of engineering and exact sciences

Challenges (2) stronger policies

Solid policies and investments to enhance technology and innovation, which result in jobs and wealth.

Continuous growth of scientific production. Higher number of registered and licensed patents,

start-ups, among others related to technology and innovation.

 

Towards a new contract between Science and Society

1. Science is in transition 2. Communication and Education 3. Scientific literacy 4. North-South issues 5. Economy for Sustainable Development 6. Science Policy, Ethics in Science and Scientific Integrity 7. Integrating Issues of Science and Society 8. Office of Government Relations

Global Scenario

 

Investments in Science, Technology and Innovation

are priority in times of economic crisis

1. The investments in S,T&I are essential for the sustainable development of nations and should be promoted as the best response to economic crisis.

 

Science education contributes to democracy and the political agenda of

nations

1. Science education of the population and the popularization of science should be encouraged, enlarging and encouraging scientists to participate in this process; and

2. The use of new information technologies should be made available globally, stimulating initiatives that contribute to "education beyond school."

 

1. It should be encouraged, through international organizations and binational and multinational agreements, the formation of networks of international scientific collaboration within a multidisciplinary perspective to address challenges common to many regions of the planet;

2. Alongside the scientific activity directed to these great challenges, it must be promoted innovation in economics and public administration, social inclusion and the promotion of a culture of peace for reducing violence; and

3. The research frontier, result of human curiosity, should be strengthened and expanded globally, even though it that does not produce obvious applications in the present: the history of science shows that scientific and technological revolutions arise from this type of research.

XXI Century encompasses great challenges for science

Thank you