breast cancer ppt
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Overview of Breast Cancer
Dr. Rizwana SyedM.D.
Ob Gyn
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Breast Cancer Facts
2nd leading cause of death
2nd most common cancer
Incidence increases with age
All women are at risk
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How is the Breast DesignedThe breasts sit on the chest
muscles that cover the ribs. Each breast is made of 15 to 20
lobes. Lobes contain many smaller
lobules. Lobules contain groups of tiny
glands that can produce milk. Milk flows from the lobules
through thin tubes called ducts to the nipple.
The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola.
Fat fills the spaces between the lobules and ducts.
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Types of Breast CancerDuctal CarcinomaDuctal Carcinoma• Originate in ducts that carry milk to nipples• If cancer confined to duct = in situ (DCIS)• Usually found on mammogram• If moved beyond duct = invasive or
infiltrating
Lobular Carcinoma rare
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What causes Breast cancer
• Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality (a “mistake” in the genetic material). However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father. About 90% of breast cancers are due to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and the “wear and tear” of life in general.
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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Gender: female (1% males)
Race: more common in whites
Age: increases as a woman gets older.
Relative : (mother or sister)Menstrual history :early on set
late menopause
Childbirth: first child After the age of 30 or having no children at all
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective against breast cancer
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Risk Factors for Breast CancerObesityDiet: Fat
Alcohol
Lack of Physical Activity ; Stress
Radiation ExposureHistory of cancer: breast, uterus, cervix, ovary
Hormones: estrogens in Hormone replacement therapy & Birth control pills
Genetics : certain conditions that are inheritated
> 70% have no risk factors
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Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Early breast cancer may not have symptoms.
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Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
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Prevention Breast Cancer Risk Factors
that can be controlledcontrolled
All women are
at risk
Obesity Exercise
Breastfeeding Alcohol
HormoneReplacement
Therapy
Not having children
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Screening For Breast Cancer
A Good Breast Health Plan• Self Awareness (Monthly
Self Exams) (BSE)
• Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
• Mammograms
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Screening Average-size lump found by woman practicing occasional breast self-exam (BSE)
Average-size lump found by woman practicing regular breast self-exam (BSE)
Average-size lump found by first mammogram
Average-size lump found by getting regular mammograms
riz
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Breast Self Examination (BSE)
• Opportunity for woman to become familiar with her breasts
• Monthly exam of the breasts and underarm area
• May discover any changes early
• Begin at age 20, continue monthly
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When to do BSE
• Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days after the beginning of
their period• Menopausal women - same date each month• Pregnant women – same date each month• Takes about 10 minutes• Perform BSE at least once a month• Examine all breast tissue
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Why don’t more women practice BSE
• Fear
• Embarrassment
• Youth
• Lack of knowledge
• Too busy, forgetfulness
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Clinical Breast Examination
• Performed by doctor or trained nurse practitioner
• Annually for women over 40yrs
• At least every 3 years for women between 20 and 40 yrs
• More frequent examination for high risk patients
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Mammography
X-ray of the breastHas been shown to save lives in patients 50-69
Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49
Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility of cancer completely
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Women (asymptomatic) 40 years of age and older should have a
MAMMOGRAM every year.
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Treatment for Breast Cancer
• Surgery• Radiation Therapy• Chemotherapy• Hormonal Therapy
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SurgerySurgery
•Lumpectomy
•Modified Radical Mastectomy
•Radical Mastectomy (rare)Reconstruction
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Breast ReconstructionBreast Reconstruction
Pre and Post Expander and ImplantPre and Post Expander and Implant
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Pre and Post Tissue and Implants CombinedPre and Post Tissue and Implants Combined
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•Radiation Therapy•Chemotherapy•Hormonal Therapy
As a adjunct to surgery depending on stage of cancer
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Prognosis after Breast Cancer
5-Year Survival (%)
10-Year Survival (%)
Stage 0 95 90
Stage I 85 70
Stage II 70 50
Stage III 55 30
Stage IV 5 2
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Myths & Facts•Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer
•Talking about cancer causes cancer
•Using illegal drugs causes cancer
•Herbs cure breast cancer(uña de gato/cat’s claw)
•A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer.
•If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery,the cancer will spread.
•Getting too many mammograms leads tobreast cancer.
•Mammograms are only used to evaluatebreast lumps.
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Myths & Facts
• Breast cancer only affects older women
• If you have a risk factor for breast cancer, you're likely to get the disease
• Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer.
• A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence.
• Breast cancer is preventable
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THANK [email protected]