BRI6HAM Y0UN6 UNIVERSITY-HAWAII Behavioral and Social Sciences Division

Laie, Hawaii 96762

ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM

NARRATOR- DANIEL 3EIRNE

INTERVIEW NO.: OH-68

DATE OF INTERVIEW: 25 MARCH 1979

NTERVIEWER: PARLEY KANAKA0LE

SUBJECT: KAHANA

Daniel Beirne MfftS? Daniel F. Beirne, 70, of Kahana Bay, died1 Thurs­

day in Tripler Hospital. He was a retired Navy chief petty officer and self-employed carpenter.

Services will be held at 11 a.m. Saturday at the family residence at 52-210 Kamehameha Highway. Burial will follow in Hanawao Heiau.

Friends may call from 6 to 9 p.m. Friday at Hawaiian Memorial Park Mortuary and again from 9 a.m. Saturday at the family home.

Mr. Beirne was born in Honolulu. He is survived by a son, Francis D.; three daugh­

ters, Mrs. John (Dannette) Leota-Pascual, Dannielle "Ululani" Von Hiram and Mrs. Quintin (Puanani) Martinez; five brothers, Henry George Sr., Francis J., Stephen, Donald and Sam "Kila Beirne; five sisters, Mrs. Mary Ann "Sweetheart" Tato, Mrs. Al­bert (Betty) Prestidge, Mrs. Sam (Aileen) Saffery, Mrs. Karl (Francis "Kuulei") Teshima and Mrs. Philip (Happy) Ahuna; 22 grandchildren; and 22 great-grandchildren.

INTRODUCTION

Dan Beirne, a kamaaina of Kahana Valley, was born in Honolulu in 1918. He l ived in Kahana Valley for most of h i s l i f e with h i s family. He seved as a Navy cheif pe t ty off icer and was also a self-employed carpenter . In 1986, Daniel Beirne died a t the age of 70. He l e f t behind a pos t e r i t y of h i s son, three daughters, twenty-two grandchildren, and twenty-two g rea t grandchildren.

This t r a n s c r i p t o f fe r s much ins igh t in to Mr. Beirne 's ear ly memories of the Valley as well as the families t h a t res ided in t ha t area. Beirne fee ls there i s much po ten t i a l in the va l ley and t h a t Hawaii needs to r e a l i z e and u t i l i z e t h i s po t en t i a l in order to become a more s e l f - su f f i c i en t e n t i t y . He of fe rs some in t e re s t ing methods of appl icat ion to t h i s idea.

Parley Kankeole conducted the interview on March 25, 1979. He also t ranscr ibed the t ape . Ken Baldridge did the audi t ing . Oral History sec re t a r i e s Ula Tapasa and Laura TeNgario did the ed i t i ng . The f ina l typing was done by Laura. Debbie Barker completed the f ina l processing of the t r a n s c r i p t .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TAPE TRANSCRIPT

S i d e A P a g e 000 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n ; o r i g i n o f f a m i l y ; b u i l d i n g

h e i u s ; e a r l y K a h a n a

3 H e r i t a g e ; r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h g r a n d m o t h e r ; s u b s i s t e n c e l i v i n g ; l o i ' s ; K a h a n a f a m i l i e s

6 R i c e p r o d u c t i o n i n e a r l y H a w a i i ; J a p a n e s e f a m i l i e s i n K a h a n a ; c h i l d h o o d f r i e n d s ; K a h a n a B r a n c h

8 M i g r a t i o n s t o c i t y ; w i f e ' s b a c k g r o u n d ; i m p o r t a n c e o f u t i l i z i n g r e s o u r c e s t o p r e p a r e f o r a n u c l e a r b l a s t

END OF SIDE A

F e e l i n g s o n K a h a n a V a l l e y

W i s h f o r p o s t e r i t y ; o p i n i o n o f t h e p e o p l e o f K a h a n a a n d o f t h e H a w a i i an s

12 E f f e c t o f d e p r e s s i o n o n l a n d s ; k u l e a n a i n h e r i t a n c e ; J o h n B r o a d f a m i l y ; c a t c h i n g f i s h

439 1 5 FND OF INTERVIEW

512

SIDE B 000

9

9

10

SIDE A

[000] March 25, 1979. This is Parley Kanakaole interviewing Dan Beirne, a kamaaina of Kahana Valley. What I really wanted to find out i s about your young l i fe , Dan. Were you born here in Kahana?

DB No, I was b o r n i n t h e c i t y , b u t , b e i n g t h a t my g r a n d m o t h e r , g r a n d f o l k s , g r a n d - a u n t — m a n y o f them—were l i v i n g i n H a u ' u l a , P u n a l u ' u , Kahana—so we came home e v e r y weekend o r e v e r y chance we g e t .

PK Who's t h e a u n t y t h a t l i v e d h e r e , o r your g r a n d f o l k s t h a t l i v e d h e r e i n Kahana?

DB My grandma, E lena Keaonui ( A l i ' i ) ; she h a d t h r e e homes . Two i n P u n a l u ' u : o n e i n P u n a l u ' u i t s e l f , H a l i a [ a s e c t i o n o f P u n a l u ' u ] , and o n e up Homestead Road [ H a u ' u l a ] . SD we go b a c k and f o r t h on o u r h o r s e and b u g g y .

PK About how o l d were you t h e n ?

DB They t e l l me [ a t ] t h e t i m e I was one y e a r o l d , my g r a n d m o t h e r made me o n e b i g l u a u ; [ i t ] l a s t e d o n e week .

PK Here i n Kahana?

DB No, in Punalu'ul We didn't come back to Kahana t i l l the th i r t ies , early th i r t i es . My tutu-lady [grandmother] had different things inside Kahana because several of her sons [were] born inside Kahana. My uncle Johnny Kalili was born in Kahana, captain of the fire department down Waialua. They name the park after him down Waialua, Captain John Kalili Beach Park; he was born in Kahana. 3D our family [is] al l [from] this side. The Keaonui's were very big people, and I believe that originally they come from Kohala.

We were heiau builders. From what we talking now in our genealogy, you know, we even make heiau in Hau'ula. Because, I know our heiau in Punalu'u—Hanauo—that heiau according to geology studies i s the most massive stone work of any heiau on this island, and a l l that stone had to be rolled up the h i l l . They're [weighing] in the tons. That heiau faces Kahana. But then because of the missionaries, my grandfolks use that as a burial ground. In a way they desecrate our heiau. I can't do nothing about that but what I can do, maybe someday I can do something to restore part of that heiau. Because every year I v is i t , we go up there, clean al l the nahelehele [overgrown weeds]. And a l l the family, they're buried up there. We decorate a l l the graves. When I was taking care [of] the Cooper Ranch, I go up there and get truck loads of heliconia. We decorate— everybody. I get [to] autograph tree growing up there now. We go up, we write our name on top.

PK T h a t ' s i n t e r e s t i n g b e c a u s e my m o t h e r ' s family—ray m o t h e r ' s n a m e - - i s K e k u h i k u h i p u ' u o n e o n a l i ' i o k o h a l a , which means " t h e p e r s o n who c h o o s e s t h e b u i l d i n g s i t e o f h e i a u s " and s h e ' s

[ 1 0 0 ] from Koha la , t o o .

DB Bumbye you ask her about the Keao, the Keaonui's. Gee, when we look in our family we get in the thousands—the Keaonui l ine. About the Keaonui line, I mean the name—I named the f i rs t canoe after my grandfather. We named the second canoe after my other grandfather, Aukai. Then when we go around the island, Maui or wherever, "How come that haole get da kine canoe with that Keaonui name?" Well, some of the family that ' s around, they know, they say, "That haole not haole, he Hawaiian."

Yeah, we raised down here. My grandmother had ducks in Hau'ula. Right behind the school get one big pond, get two sugar loaf island on top, get catwalk go on top, ho no ho no grass, pake banana trees, like that. In the morning, I go with the basket, pick-up the eggs; Grandma make french toast. Then, down our place in Punalu'u, we raise pipi [ca t t le ] , and of course taro, and the rest of i t was in rice field. My grandmother had a lot of acreage. We don't understand how come we lost a l l of that because she used to get paid in gold and r ice .

I was my grandmama's pet you know, I was her haole boy. My cousins, they s t i l l mad with me, even today; I no care. My grandmother used to take care of me even more than she take care of her own mo 'opunas [grandchildren] .

1918, we came into Kahana to pick up my auntie Lena. My uncle Johnny Kalili , my uncle Ke'i Kalili—they had my dad's big limousine. They were going to v is i t the MDrmon Temple [Laie], which they were building at the time. Right about where the [Hau'ula] shopping center i s today, by the bridge over there, we had [a] flat t i r e in that area. [We] never had [a] bridge in those days; we had to go down in the river, come up the other side. Makaua--same thing, you no more bridge over there, you go down in the river, come up. [Makaua is the region between Crouching Lion and Kaaawa Park] Anyway while my two uncles were fixing the t i r e , this Chinese guy came along with a touring car, with the top down. 3D , a l l my aunties—mother and a l l them—pile in and a l l [of] us pile in. We never go one mile [and] we crack-up—hospital, six months. My two uncles come by; they pick us up, take us to Kahuku Hospital. From what they t e l l me, a tourist car was going by and i t was al l coral road, plenty dust, and this Chinese guy he like race this tourist car. He miss[ed] the turn. You know where the Cooke place is—by Pounders? Right around the turn where the Samoans plant banana—right by that turn there, he went across the road, h i t the stone wall, everybody jam-up. I get fractured skull on my head—still show on my head unti l l today.

A

PK How o l d w e r e y o u t h e n ?

DB T h r e e y e a r s o l d . I e n d e d u p down C h i l d r e n ' s H o s p i t a l . ( C h i l d r e n ' s H o s p i t a l j u s t w e n t p a u [ f i n i s h ] . ) And t h e n ,

b a c k a n d f o r t h , a l l t h e t i m e . I e v e n r i d e t h e t r a i n home w i t h my g r a n d m o t h e r . We h a d t o r i d e from OR&L s t a t i o n down [ a t ] I w i l e i .

PK I s t h a t w h e r e y o u r m o t h e r a n d f a t h e r w e r e l i v i n g ?

DB No, Dad l i v e d c l o s e t o t h e HRT. S e e , Dad w a s w i t h t h e HRT, H o n o l u l u R a p i d T r a n s i t .

PK Then t h i s i s y o u r m o t h e r ' s f a m i l y h e r e [ i n K a h a n a ] .

DB Y e s . You s e e , my d a d come from I r e l a n d . My d a d w a s b o r n i n Rosscommon, I r e l a n d . As a b a b y h e f i r s t m i g r a t e d t o A m e r i c a . T h i s [ h a s ] t o b e i n t h e 1 8 8 0 ' s . T h e y h a d a p o t a t o f a m i n e i n I r e l a n d . I b e l i e v e , [ i t ] w a s t h e c a u s e o f t h e m i g r a t i o n . Anyway, w h i l e t h e y w e r e i n New Y o r k , t h e y w e r e i n a n e p i d e m i c , so h e l o s t h i s two p a r e n t s when h e w a s a r e a l y o u n g s t e r . £b t h e y p u t h i m i n a C a t h o l i c o r p h a n a g e . S o m e t h i n g w a s w r o n g w i t h t h e o r p h a n a g e — t h e y no e n o u g h t o e a t — s o h e r u n a w a y , l o o k f o r s o m e t h i n g t o e a t . He t e l l me h e h a d t o go l o o k i n t h e g a r b a g e p a i l f o r s u r v i v e when h e w a s a l i t t l e k i d . 3D f i n a l l y h e g o t a j o b o n a s h i p . £b h e s a i l t h e w o r l d a n d h e w a s s e l f - t a u g h t . He n e v e r g e t no

[ 2 0 0 ] s c h o o l i n g a t a l l ; h e w a s s e l f - t a u g h t .

PK A b o u t w h a t y e a r d i d h e come t o H a w a i i ?

DB My d a d came t o H a w a i i a r o u n d 1 9 1 0 . I g o t an o l d e r b r o t h e r ; h a l f - b r o t h e r , d i f f e r e n t m o t h e r , H e n r y G e o r g e . He g e t [ a ] p l a c e r i g h t a c r o s s t h e s h o p p i n g c e n t e r i n H a u ' u l a . And h e r a i s e p i g u p h e r e i n t h e v a l l e y . We g e t same f a t h e r , b u t d i f f e r e n t m o t h e r . B u t h e w e n t b y G e o r g e name b e c a u s e h e w a s h a n a i t o G e o r g e f a m i l y . I b e l i e v e h i s m o t h e r w a s J a p a n e s e -H a w a i i a n f rom P u n a l u ' u . I f I ' m n o t m i s t a k e n s h e w a s a Masuda g i r l f rom P u n a l u ' u . L a t e r o n s h e m a r r i e d o l d man T a p p a n , f a t h e r o f J o h a n n a , who h a v e t h e H a l e Mua [ r e s t a u r a n t a t P u n a l u ' u ] t o d a y , a n d a f t e r t h a t my b r o t h e r ' s o t h e r h a l f -s i s t e r . Then my m o t h e r m a r r i e d my o t h e r p a p a . P a p a N u i , a n d t h e n I g e t a l l s t e p - s i s t e r s , s t e p - b r o t h e r s . G e t T i t a H a t t i e Au [ s i s t e r ] o v e r t h e r e a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t w h e r e I u s e d t o l i v e . Nuh i f a m i l y — t h e y come f rom B i g I s l a n d , I ' m t r y i n g t o t h i n k w h e r e P a p a w e n t t e l l me; I t h i n k w a s K o h a l a , t o o .

PK W h a t ' s t h e name a g a i n ?

DB N u h i , N u h i . A d e l a [ J o h n s o n . D a u g h t e r o f H a t t i e Au] w a s t e l l i n g me t h a t M r s . P u k u i s a i d t h a t t h e y w e r e f a m i l y .

I know P a p a h a d p l e n t y mana [ p o w e r ] f o r f i s h i n g . When h e t a l k t o t h e f i s h , h e g e t f i s h .

4

PK I d o n ' t know o f any Nuhi f a m i l y . Do you have any o t h e r b r o t h e r s o r s i s t e r s w i t h t h i s same mamma?

DB MDther, b e f o r e she m a r r i e d my f a t h e r , had two c h i l d r e n ; J o s e p h , t h e y c a l l h im B u f f a l o ; h e ' s o n e g i a n t . I n f a c t , I u n d e r s t a n d he was b o d y - g u a r d fo r Chuck See . Chuck See s t i l l t o d a y — h e t a k e c a r e t h e t u n a b o a t . At t h a t t i m e , I t h i n k t h o s e g u y s was r u n n i n g opium o r s o m e t h i n g . My b r o t h e r was one b i g man. He worked for OR&L and h e g o t i n t o a t r a i n a c c i d e n t i n Waipahu; t h e t r a i n r u n him o v e r . 3D h e m a ' k e [ d e a d ] . C h a r l i e - b o y , w e l l , h e d i e d when h e was i n f a n c y , so we neve r d i d s e e h i m . Then I came a l o n g , t h e n mother g o t a n o t h e r d a u g h t e r , Mar ianne Tato n o w — l i v e up K a l i h i V a l l e y — we o n l y h a l f . My dad mar ry a n o t h e r Hawai ian woman, I t h i n k Kama'e f a m i l y . She was Waiwa io le f i r s t ; she m a r r i e d W a i w a i o l e , Maui f a m i l y . Then she g o t a who le bunch o f k i d s .

PK S3 you g o t two b o y s and t h r e e g i r l s ?

DB Gee, I d o n ' t know.

PK You w e r e c l o s e r t o your g r a n d m o t h e r , t h e n ?

DB Oh y e a h . My g r a n d m o t h e r , she o n l y t a l k t o me i n Hawa i i an ; she no t a l k h a o l e . Make a l l Hawai ian food for me, you know, even popo lo [ e d i b l e l e a f y s h r u b ] , l a w a l u [ b r o i l i n g ] t h e popo lo i n j i i l e a f and swee t p o t a t o .

PK Your g r a n d m o t h e r , and a l l your f a m i l y down h e r e , l i v e d r i g h t o f f t h e l a n d ?

DB Yeah, T u t u ' s [ g r a n d m o t h e r ] p l a c e i n P u n a l u ' u was i n c a t t l e . Every now and t h e n when t h e y wan t some b e e f , t h e y hang one u p . S a l t b e e f , w h a t e v e r , p i p i k a u l a [ b e e f j e r k y ] , w e ' r e neve r l a c k i n g for f o o d . We no need go s t o r e . We g e t a l l t h e p o i we w a n t . We g e t a l l t h e f i s h we w a n t . Tu tu send t h e f a m i l y o u t g e t l o b s t e r , t h e y b r i n g home t h e l o b s t e r . Go g e t wana [ s e a u r c h i n ] . I no forget, wana and l o b s t e r , b o y , wha t a c o r a b i n a t i o n ! And e v e r y now and t h e n we go raauka; we go up t h e s t r e a m , P u n a l u ' u o r w h a t e v e r . We go p a n i t h e - - w e c a t c h t h e o p a i , o ' o p u , aho leho l e , and g o l d f i s h . The Hawai ian g o l d f i s h , look l i k e kurau. They b i g , you know; l ook l i k e kumu. Mama, up i n P u n a l u ' u , d i v e down i n t h e p o o l , when she come b a c k u p , she g e t o n e i n e a c h h a n d , and o n e i n h e r mouth . S h e ' d th row them on t h e b a n k , go b a c k down and she g e t t h r e e more . My mother was t h a t e l e u [ e n e r g e t i c ] . She c a t c h s q u i d w i t h h e r b a r e h a n d . My mother was a l e g e n d , you know. My mother was a s t r o n g woman; s h e

[ 3 0 0 ] pound h e r t a r o e v e r y w e e k . She no w a i t for t h e kane [ h u s b a n d ] come home and pound; she pound them. I g e t t h e k u ' i [ p o i p o u n d e r ] and I know how t o u s e them, t o o .

PK Yeah; t h a t u s e d t o b e m e n ' s j o b .

A

DB Yeah; m e n ' s j o b . But p a p a , h e s h o v e l o p e r a t o r . He no can pound p o i . But mama she g o t t a h a v e h e r p o i so s h e pound h e r own.

PK You folks h a d your own l o ' i t h e n ?

DB Yeah, t h e l a s t lo ' i we h a d was whe re t h e C u l t u r a l Cen te r i s t o d a y [ P o l y n e s i a n C u l t u r a l C e n t e r ] . R i g h t t h e r e . Get one b i g w e l l , a r t e s i a n w e l l - h e a d . We w a s n ' t t o o f a r from t h a t . Around t h e w e l l - h e a d i t was a l l w a t e r - c r e s s ; a f t e r t h e war e v e n . When I was on t h e p o l i c e force down P e a r l Harbor I u s e d t o g e t a l l t h e r a t i o n I need fo r g a s , so I g i v e papa a l l t h e g a s h e l i k e so h e go b a c k and forth. I even b u y him o n e MDdel-A b a n a n a wagon. He u s e d t o go b a c k and forth from Kahana , go down t h e r e w o r k . Then I wen t send him o n e t o o l h o u s e down t h e r e t o k e e p h i s t o o l s i n s i d e , [ a n d ] p u t h i s cook ing s t u f f . You know, t h e y s t a y a l l day down t h e r e ; t h e y cook down t h e r e , t h e n t h e y go home.

PK Oh, t h a t ' s i n t e r e s t i n g . Were t h e r e o t h e r f a m i l i e s o v e r t h e r e who h a d lo ' i ' s a round t h e r e ?

DB Down t h e r e ? Oh y e a h . Most o f them was from L a i e . I d o n ' t know o f anybody from t h i s s i d e [ t h a t ] was down t h e r e .

PK You f o l k s t h e o n l y o n e s ?

DB I t h i n k s o . We a l s o had lo ' i r i g h t i n s i d e t h e b a y o v e r t h e r e . A f t e r you p a s s t h e b o a t r amp , g e t t h e open w a t e r , t h e n g e t t h e hau and kamani t r e e s , t h e n g e t o n e c o c o n u t t r e e o v e r t h e r e — r i g h t c l o s e t o t h e o c e a n . T h e r e ' s o n e a r t e s i a n w e l l o v e r t h e r e . T h a t was w a t e r c r e s s and t a r o .

PK The a r t e s i a n w e l l — a l l cove r up a l r e a d y ?

DB Yeah, cove r u p . But you d i g them down, i t come b a c k . But humbug; mama p l a n t t a r o o v e r t h e r e , p e o p l e go s t e a l t h e t a r o .

PK How many f a m i l i e s , a s f a r b a c k a s you can remember , l i v e d i n Kahana?

DB Was c e r t a i n l y more t h a n d o u b l e w h a t we g e t now, even more t h a n d o u b l e . The Keawe f a m i l y .

PK John Keawe, t h e o l d man t h a t u s e d t o l i v e down L a i e ?

DB Could be. Sarah Woods' family that used to live before the fish pond. After that came Makanoa, then Puahaaheo, by the fish pond; Ahmoe and his wife and his daughter Mamo. Then would be our house where my sister lives now, Tita Hattie Au [ s i s t e r ] . Up the road [ i t ] was a l l in sugar cane about that time, prior to that time was in r ice . I didn't know too much about the rice in Kahana then because I never had too

much t i m e i n Kahana. I know more a b o u t t h e r i c e i n P u n a l u ' u . But t h e n when t h e r i c e p a u , t h e suga r came i n . And even though a t t h e t i m e t h e y h a d r i c e , way up mauka t h e y had p i n e a p p l e . Had p i n e a p p l e up i n Kahana.

PK About w h a t y e a r was t h i s ?

DB Oh t h i s was i n t h e t w e n t i e s . You s e e r i c e was j u s t a b o u t g o i n g o u t i n t h e t w e n t i e s .

PK Was t h i s b e c a u s e o f d i s e a s e o r w h a t ?

DB P r o b a b l y t h e r e w a s n ' t enough money i n i t . They c o u l d n ' t g e t da k i n e Ch inese l a b o r t h a t t h e y needed t o r u n t h e r i c e p a d d i e s . They a l l go and wan t t o b e b u s i n e s s m e n i n town , [ l a u g h t e r ] They g o t t a g e t b a l a n c e i n t h i n g s g o i n g . Going g e t a l l o n e - s i d e d [ a n d ] you no g o i n g g e t n o t h i n g .

PK Then a f t e r t h a t , t h e s u g a r ?

DB Then after that , sugar. Then in the back of Kahana had the Keawe family. Maria Kahawai, my Auntie Mariah (not same people)—oh boy, I can ' t remember her name, she get long Hawaiian name—small mama.

Before that the Makanui family back there, a whole bunch of them. Martha Crebbe, I don't know what her Hawaiian name [ i s ] , I can ' t remember. She was real flashy, boy. When she dress up, oh boyl She come from Fifth Avenuel [laughter]

PK Were there any other Japanese families that lived here?

DB Yeah, there had the Tanaka family that lived up the left side of the valley. Where the Etredges' [Lawrence] is residing today. And SDshu Tanaka has the Tanaka store down in Kahuku. SDshu and I caught the same taxi to go to McKinley High School together, every morning. He gotta walk down all the way down that road. You know where we went park [and] turn around yesterday; from over there he walk down [extreme end of Trout Farm Road on south side of the valley]. Rain too, sometimes.

PK Must be early in the morning you guys catch bus?

DB It was day break when we leave. Take hour and a half to get to town. Same thing in the evening, reverse. Then, of course, on the other side here, had the Furuya family.

PK What family?

DB Howard Furuya family. The son of one of them was Howard. I remember him. Then you had—get one other family, I'm trying to think of them—Higuchi, somebody like that . Somebody went get murdered back there. I don't know. One

[400] Japanese family. They make saimin [at] nighttime for the

F i l i p i n o s . They h a d a l o t o f F i l i p i n o s h e r e i n Kahana b e c a u s e o f t h e p l a n t a t i o n .

PK T h i s o l d man, P r imo , d i d h e come down h e r e b e c a u s e o f t h e p l a n t a t i o n o r way a f t e r t h a t ?

DB Primo came w i t h Mrs . E t r e d g e . H e ' s n o t o n e o f t h e o r i g i n a l s down h e r e . A l l o f t h e o r i g i n a l s , a l l m a ' k e [ d e a d ] . I n f a c t j u s t t h e o t h e r y e a r , t h e y send o n e o f t h e l a s t o n e s b a c k t o t h e P h i l i p p i n e s .

B e f o r e , [ t h e v a l l e y h a d ] h i p a h i p a , u sed t o g e t b e h i n d . P l e n t y F i l i p i n o s t h a t t i m e . T h i s i s t h e o n l y p l a c e o n t h i s i s l a n d t h a t g e t l e s s p e o p l e t h a n used t o b e .

PK Who w e r e your c l a s s m a t e s you remember g o i n g t o s c h o o l w i t h t h a t l i v e d a r o u n d h e r e , o r k i d s t h a t you p l a y e d w i t h t h a t you were f a m i l i a r w i t h , grew up w i t h , and went t o s c h o o l w i t h ?

DB W e l l , I grew up w i t h Puniwai Keawe

PK I s h e s t i l l a r o u n d ?

DB Yeah, Genoa Keawe ' s h u s b a n d . They l i v e up P a p a k o l e a . Then, o f c o u r s e , t h e Kipapa b o y s , Q o r a i ' s . We h a d some k i d s from P u n a l u ' u and some k i d s from Kaaawa [who] u sed t o come down h e r e . The H a s s l e b o y s and t h e H o o p i ' i b o y s , come [ f o r ] MIA, for c h u r c h . We had enough b o y s , g o i n g go s t a r t make o n e Boy Scout T r o o p . T h a t was a sad m i s t a k e , b e c a u s e o n e o f t h e e l d e r s , he p o c k e t t h e money. A f t e r t h r e e months I wen t down t h e Boy Scout h e a d q u a r t e r s , f i n d o u t , t h e y d o n ' t know n o t h i n g . 3D I came b a c k , h e no can g i v e me no h o n e s t a n s w e r . 3D I q u i t t h e Church . J u s t f l a t o u t . I r a t h e r b e h o n e s t t h a n go t o c h u r c h . [ i n t e r r u p t i o n t o t a l k w i t h d a u g h t e r ] My s t e p - f a t h e r was t h e Branch P r e s i d e n t .

PK W h a t ' s t h e name o f your s t e p - f a t h e r ?

DB Sam N u h i .

PK How big was the branch in Kahana? How many families?

DB At t h a t t i m e , g o t t a b e more t h a n t h i r t y f a m i l i e s . I know my s t e p - d a d used t o r u n down Kualoa t o p i c k I m i o l a . I m i o l a g o t t a b e a n o t h e r Keawe t o o . He was a t e r r i f i c i n s t r u c t o r on s i n g i n g . And I b e l i e v e t h r o u g h him t h a t Genoa Keawe i s w h a t she i s t o d a y . Because t h a t ' s where Genoa wen t s t a r t , r i g h t i n Kahana c h u r c h . They go p r a c t i c e for make c o n c e r t . My s t e p - d a d went o u t o f h i s way; h e go g e t p e o p l e a l l o v e r f o r come c h u r c h , on h i s c a r .

PK So t h e Kahana Branch t o o k c a r e o f K u a l o a . , .

DB Right. He go down Kualoa, Punalu'u, like that . I don't

A «

remember if Hau'ula had branch [at] that time. I know Laie had because we used to have concert down there. We used to have concert Hau'ula School; we give concert down Waikane. We go al l around. That time, we no more electric light in the church. We get kukui-hele-po [lantern] when we get nighttime meeting.

PK I remember those years, my mother and them spoke of those years when they had choir concerts, where they go from branch to branch, and they have contests and things like that. I guess i t was the same thing here, too?

DB Y e s . But b e c a u s e o f t h e b u s i n e s s w o r l d and t h e t h i n g s h a p p e n i n g i n t h e c i t y , e v e r y b o d y l i k e t h e c i t y l i f e . 3D a l o t o f them move t o t h e c i t y . W e l l , t h e y can h a v e t h e c i t y a s f a r a s I ' m c o n c e r n e d , I ' m g o i n g s t a y home.

PK 3D you r a i s e d your f a m i l y h e r e t h e n ?

DB Yeah.

PK Your w i f e , i s she from h e r e ?

DB My w i f e from Round top . She came home w i t h t h e a u n t i e and u n c l e P e t e r s o n ; t h e y were t h e c a r e t a k e r s o f t h e F o s t e r E s t a t e .

PK W h a t ' s your w i f e ' s name, and who i s h e r f a m i l y ?

DB Kawaauhao, o r someth ing l i k e t h a t . You go a sk P u a n a n i . I d o n ' t know. S h e ' s a Maui f a m i l y , I d o n ' t know. My d a u g h t e r Lani wou ld t e l l you , she know a l l t h e g e n e a l o g y , [ l a u g h t e r ]

PK And you b r o u g h t h e r home h e r e t o l i v e ?

DB W e l l , s h e ' s from h e r e . We g o t m a r r i e d and we l i v e d i n town, b u t we come home e v e r y weekend . I c o u l d h a v e s t a y e d a t my s i s t e r ' s p l a c e , b u t i t was t oo s m a l l fo r me, t oo much f a m i l y . 3D I g e t ray own p l a c e . 3D I g o t t h i s p l a c e .

PK Now t h i s i s your g r a n d m a ' s p l a c e ?

DB No, Foster Estate. My place down Punalu'u and Hau'ula; I [500] want no part of i t . This place better than down there as

far as I'm concerned.

You know Kahana [ is] the bread-basket of this side of the island. And I been through a l l the nuclear schools and been on the nuclear recovery team, I know what i t going mean when we have a nuclear blast . The shipping channels be tied up. I feel sorry for a lot of people, no going get nothing to eat. As long as I'm in Kahana, I'm going get something to eat. And if the averages of our weather [stay the same], and they drop a bomb, say, between Honolulu and Pearl

A/B 9

H a r b o r , and w i t h t h e t r a d e w i n d s b l o w i n g t h a t way, we g o i n g b e r e l a t i v e l y s a f e on t h i s s i d e o f t h e i s l a n d . T h a t s i d e b e g o n e , c o m p l e t e l y . But i f s o u t h w i n d , t h e n we j a m - u p . Then t h e f a l l - o u t b e on t h i s s i d e .

[ 5 1 2 ] MD OF SIDE A

SIDE B [ 0 0 0 ] DB T h a t ' s why I t h i n k t h e s t a t e s h o u l d l e t t h e H a w a i i a n t h a t

w a n t s t o g o b a c k t o t h e l a n d — u t i l i z e t h e t a r o , l o ' i l a n d s a n d a l l t h a t , i n t h i s v a l l e y . What o f few H a w a i i a n s we h a v e l e f t , s h o u l d c a r r y o n t h e i r c u l t u r e . B u t a f t e r a l l , t h a t ' s g o i n g t o b e u p t o t h e H a w a i i a n s t h e m s e l v e s , you s e e . B e c a u s e r i g h t now, I g o i n g t e l l y o u , t h e y g e t t i n g e v e n h a o l e s l i k e g o p l a n t t a r o . And g e t a l o t o f J a p a n e s e a n d C h i n e s e l i k e g o p l a n t t a r o . Now g o i n g b e up t o t h e H a w a i i a n s t o g r a b t h e b u l l b y t h e h o r n s a n d t r y t o do s o m e t h i n g f o r t h e i r own g o o d . B e c a u s e a l l t h i s s t u f f t h e h a o l e s w e n t b r i n g t o u s , some d a y g o i n g f a l l down a n d g o i n g b e n o t h i n g , g o i n g b e o n e e m p t y b u c k e t . Go ing t o b e n o t h i n g . Look a t w h a t h a p p e n e d i n K o r e a ; l o o k a t w h a t h a p p e n e d i n V i e t n a m . W e ' r e g o i n g h a v e i n I r a n , a n d i t ' s g o i n g t o g e t w o r s e a n d w o r s e ,

PK W e l l , o u r p e o p l e t o d a y , t h e y ' r e l o s i n g t h e i r t o u c h for t h e l a n d .

DB R i g h t . When t h e d a y c o m e s , t h e r e ' s g o i n g t o b e r e c k o n i n g . T h e y ' r e g o i n g t o f e e l s o r r y . L i k e y o u f o l k s down a t B r i g h a m Y o u n g , g o t t h e m g a r d e n s l i k e t h a t ; y o u know t h e y s h o u l d u t i l i z e i t t o t h e f u l l e s t e x t e n t . A l l t h a t e x p e r i e n c e w i l l mean l o t s w h e n y o u come down t o t h e b a r e f a c t s .

PK Y e s , T h e r e h a s b e e n a l o t o f c o n t r o v e r s y o v e r t h i s v a l l e y . What do y o u t h i n k w o u l d b e b e s t for t h e v a l l e y i t s e l f ?

DB Well, being that this valley was acquired by the state for a state park, that 's what i t means, a state park. But, being that they've got laws and things that can be made better, to change to fit the needs of what's going on. And our former governor, John Burns, he signed a resolution that we testified on. And I was adamant on, that this Kahana Valley State Park, be to let us preserve the Hawaiian culture. That meant that the auwai's be open again, the lo ' i s be utilized, and the fish pond be repaired and up-kept. Now the fish pond been put out [as] a National Historic Land Mark. The carbon-dated test that they took on the fish pond, some 900 years old, that 's pretty old for a fish pond. We got our auwai' s in Kahana, on the Punalu'u side over two miles, on the Kaaawa side, just under two miles. Then we have the shorter auwais that are way up the valley, real

mauka—for taro . We want—I can see the auwais being rebuilt with a t ra i l on each side for hiking t ra i l s , where we can

B 10

p u t i n l i t t l e s h e l t e r s h e r e and t h e r e , and d i f f e r e n t Hawai ian p l a n t i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e t r a i l . Same l i k e t h e f i s h pond . A f t e r t h e f i s h pond i s r e p a i r e d , I t h i n k t h e i ronwood t r e e s s h o u l d b e t a k e n o u t and p u t i n w i l i w i l i t r e e s , kou t r e e s and mi lo t r e e s — r e a l l y Hawaiian"; and [ 1 0 0 ] c o c o n u t t r e e s and h a l a t r e e s — a n y t h i n g t h a t i s H a w a i i a n . A l l t h e k i n d k o l e a s t u f f , g e t them o u t I

L ike on t h e auwai t h e y can p l a n t a l l d i f f e r e n t k i n d s t a r o — l e h u a t a r o — t h e d i f f e r e n t k i n d — e v e n t h e l u a u t a r o , you know, d i f f e r e n t p l a c e , g e t m a r k e r s for t h e p e o p l e . They can l e a r n , by when t h e y walk on t h e t r a i l . A s h e l t e r would b e r e a l e a s y , j u s t l i k e t h e one i n t h e c o c o n u t g r o v e . D i d n ' t t a k e much t o make them s h e l t e r s .

PK What wou ld you l e a v e fo r your g r a n d c h i l d r e n — a s f a r a s t h e v a l l e y i s c o n c e r n e d ; wha t would you w i s h t h a t t h e y would h a v e ?

DB T h a t would b e up t o them. J u s t l i k e my p a r e n t s , t h e y l e f t me my h e r i t a g e — m y g r a n d f o l k s , m o s t l y my g r a n d m o t h e r — l e f t me t h e h e r i t a g e t h a t I neve r l e f t . T h a t ' s up t o t hem. They g o i n g t o h a v e t o b u i l d t h e i r own. Every human b e i n g i s d i f f e r e n t . Some p e o p l e l i k e s o m e t h i n g , some p e o p l e d o n ' t l i k e — t w o p e r s o n n o t a l i k e . I t ' s up t o them.

PK You know, i f t h e r e i s some th ing t h a t you w i s h e d t h a t your g r a n d f o l k s would have l e f t you o r you w i s h e d t h a t you would h a v e h a d , b u t d o n ' t t o d a y , wha t would t h a t b e ?

DB W e l l , i f t h e f a m i l y — o u r f ami ly—was s h a r p and n e v e r c a r e a b o u t h a v i n g a l l t h e good fun t h e y h a d — l u a u s and a l l t h a t — and t a k e c a r e o f t h e l a n d t h a t t h e y h a d , we would b e l i v i n g o f f t h e l a n d , I mean l i v i n g o f f t h e income from t h e l a n d t h e f a m i l y had owned. But H a w a i i a n s , t h e y weak i n f l e s h , t h e y l i k e t o h a v e good f u n ; spend t h e i r money. They s e l l t h e i r p r o p e r t y . T h a t ' s one o f t h e t h i n g s w e ' v e l o s t , and once we s e l l ou r p r o p e r t y , w e ' v e l o s t e v e r y t h i n g . 3D b e c a u s e o f t h a t I neve r a c c e p t e d even t h e p r o p e r t y my mother g a v e me. A l l l e g a l h a s s l e , a l l u n d i v i d e d h e r e and t h e r e , w a s t e t i m e . So I was f o r t u n a t e enough t o g e t t h i s p l a c e from t h e F o s t e r E s t a t e , I g e t no l e g a l h a s s l e on t h i s p l a c e . One t h i n g I g e t b u r n [ t ] up a b o u t [ i s ] t h e p r o p e r t y i n P u n a l u ' u o r w h e r e v e r , even for a l l t h e Hawai ians—why s h o u l d us H a w a i i a n s pay t a x e s on t h e p r o p e r t y t h a t we own o r i g i n a l l y ? Anybody e l s e come o v e r h e r e s h o u l d p a y t a x e s , n o t u s . T h a t means p r o p e r t y t a x . Because we no can pay t h e p r o p e r t y t a x , p e o p l e l i k e Mary F o s t e r , she go down l o o k a t t h e t a x r e c o r d , and f i r s t t h i n g you know, she g e t more t h a n h a l f o f t h i s v a l l e y a t h e r p o s s e s s i o n . See?

PK You know, t h i s p l a c e , t h i s v a l l e y g i v e s me a k i n d o f a funny f e e l i n g . I d o n ' t know i f i t ' s b e c a u s e o f t h e t r o u b l e o r t h e h a s s l e , b u t f e e l i n g l i k e . . . a s ad f e e l i n g .

DB Wel l t h a t c o u l d b e s o , b e c a u s e t h e v e r y p e o p l e I ' m t r y i n g t o work w i t h c a n ' t cope w i t h t h e i d e a t h a t t h e y s h o u l d t r y t o b e o h a n a and work t o g e t h e r . They a r e v e r y s e l f i s h ; I ' m [ 2 0 0 ] s o r r y t o s a y t h i s , b u t t h e y a r e v e r y , v e r y s e l f i s h p e o p l e . I ' v e documented e v e r y t h i n g , t h e p r o j e c t s I ' v e done , and t h e same o n e s neve r show up i n any o f t h e p r o j e c t s . They make t h e b i g g e s t h a s s l e a b o u t e v e r y t h i n g . A l l t h e y w a n t , t h e way I s e e i t , t h e y w a n t somebody [ t o ] do t h e job for them. Now s i n c e when a r e t h e y a l i i a round h e r e . I f anybody a l i i , I g o t t h e most a l i i b l o o d t h a n anybody i n t h i s v a l l e y b e c a u s e I ' m a Keao . And t h e b e s t a l i i i n t h e w o r l d , l i k e Kamehameha, h e was a h a r d w o r k e r . He was a p l a n t e r ; he p l a n t swee t p o t a t o , h e p l a n t t a r o , h e work t h e f i e l d , H a w a i i a n s n e v e r s i t down and w a i t fo r somebody do t h e i r j o b ; t h e y a l l work t o g e t h e r . Nowadays, t h e y a l l w a i t for somebody do t h e j o b fo r them, and t h e q u i c k e r t h e y g e t o f f o f t h e i r d u f f and do someth ing for t h e m s e l v e s , t h e y b e b e t t e r o f f . We g o t some good H a w a i i a n s ; we g o t p l e n t y good o n e s l e f t . What we need t o d o — l i k e now, I t o l d t h e g o v e r n o r l a s t y e a r — h e s a i d what t h e d i v i s i o n l i n e — I s a i d , "The d i v i s i o n l i n e i s r i g h t from t h e f i r s t r e s o l u t i o n t h a t

was s i g n e d b y Governor B u r n s . E i t h e r c a r r y on t h e Hawai i an c u l t u r e , o r move o u t and g e t somebody t h a t w i l l c a r r y on o u r Hawai ian c u l t u r e and w a n t s t o p r e s e r v e o u r h e r i t a g e " , as s i m p l e a s t h a t !

PK Aloha i n o a .

DB Because i n t h e o l d d a y s , i n t h e a h u a p u a ' a , when t h e f a m i l y w o u l d n ' t p u t i n any p r o d u c t i o n i n t h e a h u a p u a ' a , t h e y were b a n n e d ; t h e y w e r e th rown o u t o f t h e a h u a p u a ' a . They were l o s t p e o p l e . F i r s t t h i n g you know, t h e y become kauwas , o r s l a v e s . The H a w a i i a n s had t h a t s y s t e m . And you d o n ' t s e e v e r y many p e o p l e wan t t o b e k a u w a s . B e c a u s e , b o y , you b a n i s h e d ; you b a n i s h e d from your f r i e n d s and e v e r y b o d y . You w e r e d e f i l e d , you w e r e . . . y o u r s k i n s t i n k — p i l i p i l i i l i — w h a t you c a l l t h a t ? T h a t ' s wha t t h a t t h i n g a l l a b o u t . You no see many p e o p l e , b o y . They t r y g e t b a c k i n good g r a c e s . 3D you know, we no need no j a i l . You t a k e t h i s "Hunza" c o u n t r y i n P a k i s t a n o r wha t t h e h e l l — y o u k n o w — a l o n g s i d e o f I n d i a . Those p e o p l e t h e y no need j a i l ; t h e y no more t r o u b l e s . They h e a l t h y p e o p l e ; t h e y work h a r d ; t h e y e a t who le g r a i n , and t h e y e a t a l o t o f soy b e a n . They l i v e a h u n d r e d and someth ing y e a r s o l d . They s t i l l f a t h e r i n g c h i l d r e n when t h e y h u n d r e d y e a r s o l d . [ l a u g h t e r ]

PK W e l l , t o d a y we go t o t h e b r e a d - l i n e , w e l f a r e .

DB Yeah, today the Hawaiian sharae to work because to him he think that everybody look down on that person—make fun of him. I don't give a damn anybody make fun of me, I work; I been working a l l ray l i f e . I work double job, t r iple job and I work. I like the land. I work the land now every chance I get. I show them that Hawaiians can be just as good as any Japanese that raise anything. I proved i t in the

PK

B 12

fifties when I had my papayas up here. Mother used to get al l shook-up. She cry on the road because I work too hard. I said, "No worry. Mora, i t ' s what I like to do."

During the depression years, you had to depend on the land?

DB T h a t ' s when I came u p — d e p r e s s i o n y e a r s — a n d I h a d t o make my w a y , I w e n t i n t h e N a t i o n a l G u a r d w h e n I w a s f i f t e e n y e a r s o l d j u s t t o g e t o n e d o l l a r a n i g h t , f o u r d o l l a r s a m o n t h . [ l a u g h t e r ] When I w a s g o i n g M c K i n l e y H i g h S c h o o l , I u s e d t o g o w o r k s t e v e d o r e — p l a y h o o k e y , go w o r k s t e v e d o r e . I h a u l f i s h o v e r h e r e f rom K a h a n a — i f I ' m h o m e — a n d g e t f i s h . I g e t p a i d [ f r o m ] a l l t h e s e d i f f e r e n t j o b s — o a r raan, a n c h o r m a n . I n t h o s e d a y s we g e t p l e n t y f i s h . D e p r e s s i o n y e a r s , we h a d m o r e f i s h . You s e e , we g i v e m a l i h i n i f i s h for g o o d l u c k . No m a t t e r who y o u [ a r e ] , you come o v e r t h e r e , l o o k [ a t ] t h e n e t , w h e n a l l p a u , a l l t h e f i s h o n t h e t r u c k , e v e r y b o d y — b a s k e t o r s o — t h e y g i v e a l l t h e p e o p l e . Good l u c k , t h a t ' s w h a t we c a l l g o o d l u c k . No m o r e , y o u no s e e t h a t now. You no s e e t h a t no m o r e .

PK Oh, i n Hana t h e y h a v e l

DB Y e a h , maybe t h a t k i n d p l a c e l i k e t h a t . No , n o t t h i s p l a c e , no m o r e . T h a t ' s why t h i s p l a c e no m o r e f i s h . A f t e r l o t o f p e o p l e — a f t e r U n c l e Pua [ P u a h a ' a h e o ] p a u ( d i e d ) , we no m o r e m a l i h i n i f i s h a f t e r t h a t , p a u . No m o r e f i s h . O n l y w a y y o u g o i n g g e t f i s h o v e r h e r e now, y o u g o t t a [ 3 0 0 ] g e t t h e raana. You g o t t a g e t H a w a i i a n raana; y o u g o t t a k n o w . You g o t t a t a k e c a r e y o u r k o a .

PK T h a t ' s t h e man who h a d m a n a ? [ P u a h a ' a h e o ]

DB Y e a h . My p a p a h a d m a n a , t o o . P a p a w a s c r a n e o p e r a t o r , I t h i n k h e w a s t h e f i r s t H a w a i i a n c r a n e o p e r a t o r i n t h e H a w a i i a n i s l a n d s — s t e a m s h o v e l . You s e e , h e know a b o u t s t e a m b e c a u s e h e w o r k o n t h e r a i l r o a d . P a p a w a s r e a l b u s y m a n , make b i g m o n e y , t o o .

He w a s f i s h e r m a n o u t s i d e h e r e t o o , b e f o r e h e w e n t o n t h e s h o v e l . One t i m e p a p a c a t c h h u n d r e d b a s k e t o p e l u o u t s i d e h e r e . I no e v e r h e a r t h a t a g a i n a f t e r t h a t . We n e v e r know o p e l u come i n s i d e h e r e , p a p a c a t c h h u n d r e d b a s k e t o u t s i d e h e r e .

PK A k u l e r u n . . .

DB His kuleana, the family kuleana used to be by the coconut grove. That l i t t l e auwai that divided the coconut grove and the Peterson house where they cleaning now. Mary Poster went exchange with him for the place where Kema [old man who lived makai [water] side of highway next to Kahana Street] had on the point by the river. Papa no like that place so he took that place inside there because, you know, that ' s one old homesite, and had ulu trees and stuff like that, so

B J. J

t h a t ' s why h e t o o k t h a t . Over t h e r e no more w a t e r b y where Kema w a s . Kema u s e d t o h a v e t o g e t w a t e r a t o u r p l a c e .

PK Oh y e a h ?

DB I s e e t h a t , I wen t down t h e a r c h i v e s ; I found t h a t . And t h i s papa wen t t e l l me long ago now. I no more r e c o r d , b u t I remember wha t he t o l d me. So I wen t down t h e r e ; I check i t , I found i t down i n t h e a r c h i v e s . I d o n ' t know i f my s i s t e r s know t h a t . I remember when h e t o l d me.

PK Oh, I s e e . So t h e n t h e p l a c e i s s t i l l under your f a t h e r ' s name t h e n ? Up h e r e .

DB Oh y e a h , y e a h . T h a t p l a c e we had for o n l y o n e d o l l a r a y e a r , fo r l i f e . T i t a [ s i s t e r H a t t i e A u ] , she had a s h a r e i n a h u i — I t h i n k we h a d h u n d r e d some s h a r e s i n a h u i , s h e h a d s h a r e i n a h u i . We had w a t e r r i g h t s and you know, a k u l e money and a l l t h a t [ s h a r e s i n t h e f i s h c a t c h ] .

PK The o l d man Pua H a ' a h e o , d i d h e have any o t h e r f ami ly?

DB He had o n e b r o t h e r , K a h i . I remember , you know, I go s t a y w i t h him somet imes and h e go work i n t h e l o h i . You know where t h e l o h i r i g h t o v e r h e r e , when you make t h e t u r n from t h e b r i d g e ?

PK Yeah, y e a h .

DB He u s e d t o r a i s e t a r o r i g h t o v e r t h e r e , I remember him h e

r a i s e t a r o o v e r t h e r e . And Kahi u sed to work i n s i d e t h e r e .

PK But h e no more no c h i l d r e n t o d a y ?

DB No, o n l y Mamo. Mamo p a s s e d away a f t e r she had h e r l a s t s o n ; [ h e ' s ] t h e o n e down H a u ' u l a now—Kanakanui b o y .

PK Oh.

DB He p l u m b e r .

PK Yeah, y e a h . DB We were down some p l a c e d r i n k i n g o n e n i g h t , t a l k i n g a b o u t

t h e Church , you know. He go p u t t h e l u a [ t o l i e t ] and t h e wash b a s i n b a c k . D r i n k i n g , he t a n k u p , h e came i n , p u t them i n fo r me. [ l u a and wash b a s i n ] And, you know o f c o u r s e , h i s t h r e e b r o t h e r s [ a r e ] a l l b u r i e d up t h e h i l l w i t h t h e g r a n d f a t h e r and a l l t h a t . Ahmoe a l l up t h e r e .

PK Kanakanui b o y , t h a t ' s t h e young b o y l i k e me?

DB Yeah.

PK He [ i s ] m a r r i e d t o B r o a d ' s d a u g h t e r .

B

DB Oh y e a h ? i

PK David Broad , t h e d a u g h t e r . David B r o a d ' s w i f e and ray mother a r e f a m i l y .

DB Oh y e a h ?

PK Yeah, t h e o l d man Nakagawa, h e ' s B r o a d ' s w i f e ' s f a t h e r , you know. He was r a i s e d i n W a i p i o ; t h e o l d man s m a r t - t a l k H a w a i i a n . But I remember t h e o l d man r e a l l y w e l l . I n f a c t , when t h e y moved h e r e , t h e o l d man t o o k c a r e o f Waimea v a l l e y . He r a i s e d h o r s e s , t h a t o l d man; r e a l l y good h o r s e t r a i n e r . [He w a s ] J a p a n e s e - H a w a i i a n . But t h e Kanakanui boy , t h a t ' s o n e [ u n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e ] g o t H a w a i i a n ,

DB Couple S a t u r d a y n i g h t s ago I met h im down [ a t ] P a t ' s . Every t ime we pau [ f i n i s h ] some o f t h e p r o j e c t s up [ a t ] t h e c h u r c h , we wen t k a l u a p i g , you know. So I t e l l [ t h e m ] , "Eh, i f I go g e t h i m , I l i k e h im come b e c a u s e h e wen t work up h e r e . " Wel l I wen t t e l l t h e g u y s [ i n s t e a d ] , " O K , I make t h i s , make s u r e you t a k e down t o h i m . " I d o n ' t know i f t h e y d i d . You know t h a t upper p l a c e , t h a t f l a t p l a c e — w e go make t h e l u a u h o u s e up t h e r e , and I make a l l t h e s e t a b l e s , p u t thera up t h e r e . We k a l u a t h e p i g , I s l e e p i n s i d e t h e c h u r c h ; p u t t h e p i g i n s i d e t h e irau, I go s l e e p i n s i d e t h e c h u r c h , eve rybody r u n away [ a n d ] go home—they s c a r e d [ t o ] s t a y up t h e r e . But t h a t ' s t h e s a f e s t p l a c e for s t a y — a l l my kupuna [ a n c e s t o r s ] up t h e r e , t a k e c a r e me.

PK Yeah. [ 4 0 0 ] DB I s l e e p up Waimea H e i a u .

PK No need w o r r y , i f you g e t f a m i l y , no need w o r r y .

DB Yeah, no need w o r r y . L i k e t h e t i m e we f i r s t wen t move i n s i d e h e r e , my w i f e — s h e g e t c u r l y h a i r — e v e r y t i m e s t a n d s t r a i g h t u p . Me—I s l e e p , no b o t h e r me, b u t b o t h e r h e r .

PK Oh you g e t f a m i l y , no need w o r r y .

DB Yeah, me—I no worry, I sleep all over this valley. I go sleep on the stream; I go catch crab night time, I sleep on the boat. I tired, I go sleep. Sometimes I forget [to] throw my anchor out, when I wake up, I inside the ocean; gotta row back. [laughter] Couple time[s] I make sure—I throw the anchor out before I go sleep. I had a l i t t l e canopy, you know, I make ray halii and I get my [undistinguishable] for throw my crab and I put all [of that] in front. I get my net and I rol l i t in the front see, so I can pull ray net. In the back I sleep, I get my charcoal stove, I cook. I cook my [undistinguishable], I get my kini poi, I get dried opai or whatever; I sleep on the river; I go lay net too. Get kaku, papio—like that, you

B 1 5

k n o w — m u l l e t .

PK Come up t h e r i v e r ?

DB Yeah, awa. The f i r s t t i m e I c a t c h k a k u , I t h o u g h t , "Oh w h a t k i n d o f f i s h i s t h i s ? Ugly l i k e h e l l . " I go up my a u n t i e ' s h o u s e ; I show my a u n t i e t h i s [ a n d ] a l l t h e F i l i p i n o ' s , t h e y s a y , " E h i " — t h e y l i k e ; so I g i v e them t h e f i s h . I go home, I t e l l Papa , "Eh t h a t k i n d f i s h g e t p l e n t y s h a r p t e e t h " . He s a i d , " T h a t ' s k a k u . Where t h e f i s h ? " I s a y , " I g i v e them t o t h e F i l i p i n o ' s . " [ l a u g h t e r ]

PK The H a w a i i a n s , t h e y l i k e t h a t for make p a l u .

DB Yeah?

PK Yeah, l o m i . Yeah, p l e n t y b o n e s g e t .

DB You know t h e b e s t f i s h I l i k e raw? Enuenue.

PK Oh y e a h .

DB Oh, t h e k i n d enuenue e a t l i raukohu. Oh, t h a t bugga o n o . More

b e t t e r t h a n e a t l i p o a . Oh, more b e t t e r .

PK Yeah, good s m e l l .

DB Yeah.

PK People say hauna but—no.

DB The hauna—that just from what you call the limu smell,

PK Yeah.

DB The bugga raiko . Oh, b o y — n o t h i n g t a s t e b e t t e r I Aku no can

t o u c h them,

KB T h i s i s t h e end o f t h e i n t e r v i e w .

[ 4 3 9 ] END OF INTERVIEW