bridon oil and gas brochure

Oil & Gas Catalogue

02 BRIDON Oil and Gas

Bridon - the worlds leading specialistin the manufacture of wire and ropesolutions for the most demanding

applications, delivering reassurancethrough unrivalled experience.

Drawing from a background of long standing

experience and technology, Bridon is an acknowledged

world leader in the design, manufacture, development and

supply of specialist rope to meet the needs of the oil & gas industry.

Recognising the extreme environments in which the Offshore Oil

& Gas Industries operate, Bridon has brought together a

comprehensive range of world leading global solutions

specifically tailored to meet these demands

Specialist steel & fibre ropesolutions for the oil & gas industry

Contents

Introduction ................................................ 2-3

Product Selection ........................................4-8

Products ....................................................9-27

Synthetic Rope Technical Information ....28-29

Steel Rope Technical Information............30-69

Bridon International Services & Training ......70

Contacts........................................................71

03

All statements, technical information and recommendations contained hereinare believed to be reliable, but no guarantee is given as to their accuracyand/or completeness. The user must determine the suitability of the productfor his own particular purpose, either alone or in combination with otherproducts and shall assume all risk and liability in connection therewith.

Whilst every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy in the content of the tables, the information contained in this catalogue does not form part ofany contract.

Bridons products are manufactured undercontrols that conform to quality

management system ISO 9001:2000.

ISO 14001

Bridon operates environmentalmanagement systems which, where

required by legislation or risk, comply withthe requirements of EN ISO 14001:2004

and are assessed and registered byaccredited certification bodies.

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Product Selection

04

Mooring Applications

Exploration Drilling RigsHigh Strength Steel Anchor Lines

The demands of a hard working application require that Bridons high strength steel anchor line products are of a robustconstruction, excellent abrasion & crush resistance ensuring optimum performance on winches and sheaves. Proprietary blocking& lubrication medium assist towards the necessary corrosion resistance with additional benefit of a drawn galvanised finish.

Specialist Fibre MODU Tethers

Bridon Superline offers the highest strength to weight ratio facilitating a lightweight anchoring solution. The constructionincorporates an increased thickness braided jacket to provide a level of protection for improved handling performance

Off-take Mooring SystemsA comprehensive design package tailored to suit individual location requirements for single point moorings and tandem offloadingsystems. Packages include chafe chains, support buoys, shackles and fittings and are based on our high quality specialist fibreropes. Bridon Superline Nylon and Viking Braidline Nylon Super Hawser offer a higher strength to weight ratio than conventionalconstructions and both are fully compliant with OCIMF Guidelines for the Purchasing & Testing of SPM Hawsers.

Diamond Blue offers the highest strength to weight ratio for steel anchor linessupporting moves to ultra-deep water locations.See page 11

DYFORM DB2KDyform DB2K offers the highest strength to diameter ratio enablingoptimum utilisation of limited volume winch arrangements. Furthermore, theincreased surface area of Dyformed strands improves stress distributionenabling superior crush & abrasion resistance.See page 10

Polyester (MODU)see page 25

Steelite Xcelsee page 25

Material grade can be selected for optimum application performance

Nylon Super HawserViking Braidline Nylon Super Hawser is a balanced, flexible constructionwhich distributes the weight and strength equally between the sheath andthe braided core. Viking Braidline offers a higher elongation than competingconstructions and is suitable for many shock load applications.See page 26

Nylon OCIMF 2000Bridon Superline is a torque balanced circular braided constructionconsisting of an outer protective braided jacket over a central group ofparallel low twist cores. In the as new condition Bridon Superline offers aslightly stiffer solution than the Viking Braidline Construction.See page 27

BRIDON Oil and Gas

LTM Sockets and Connection Hardware

The high tensile steel wire solutions are terminatedutilising the Long Term Mooring (LTM) Sockets whichhave been developed by Bridon over 30 years ofinvolvement in this application. Key features include:

Carefully engineered basket dimensions to ensureefficient transfer of loads between rope and termination.

Ultra-deepwater rated sealing to prevent water ingress.

Bend limiter to prevent damage to the cable at thesocket neck during handling and in operation.

Precision design interfaces to support lifetime fatigue loading.

See page 23

Product Selection

05

Floating Production Mooring SystemsBridons specialist fibre tethers and high strength steel cables for permanent mooring of floating production facilities offer arange of properties to ensure the suitable solution for your specific requirements - system type, location, water depth, fieldlife etc.

Bridons in house engineering expertise can provide custom designed connection hardware. Our dedicated projectmanagement team will oversee all aspects of your mooring system project including but not limited to design, manufacture,QA & QC requirements, shipping & handling of large package weights, on site installation and handling advice.

PolyesterBridon Superline is a torsionally balanced construction and the polyestermaterial grades offer the highest strength to weight ratio for the permanentmooring solution. The inclusion of a particle filter layer to limit the ingress ofabrasive particles and a marine finish on load bearing elements to enhanceresistance to yarn on yarn abrasion ensures long term performance forfield lives in excess of 20 yearsSee page 24

Spiral Strand

Spiral Strand comprising of either heavy galvanised or Galfan coated hightensile steel wire will enable design lives of up to 15 years. With theapplication of a continuous MDPE sheathed jacket lifetime performanceincreases beyond 20 years with no requirements for inspection ormaintenance.See page 22

For more marginal fields a high strength six strand wire rope solution withthe optional additional specification of anode inserts and heavy galvanisedwire will facilitate systems of up to 10 years.See page 11

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Product Selection

Blue Strand API 9A Standard 6x19 Class

Conventional, tried & tested lines in regular sizes and tensile grades.See page 12

DYFORM 6Drilling lines typically utilise Dyform Bristar 6 constructions which offersprotection for the core and improved abrasion resistance on draw works,greater cross sectional stability and excellent fatigue capabilities.See page 14 & 15

Riser Tensioner LinesRiser Tensioner Lines present a tough application for wire rope, repetitive high load bending over sheaves requiring aflexible solution with exceptional bend fatigue properties and resistance to wear & abrasion.

DYFORM 6Dyform Bristar 6 ropes for riser tensioner applications aredesigned to give characteristics which enhance fatigueperformance. The compacting process facilitates excellentresistance to wear on the sheaves and drums.See page 14 & 15

Drilling Operations

Drilling LinesDrilling lines present a tough application for wire rope, repetitive high load bending over sheaves requiring a flexible solutionwith exceptional bend fatigue properties and resistance to wear & abrasion.

06

Handling OperationsDeck Handling

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Endurance DYFORM 34LR Endurance Dyform 34LR multi-strand ropes are recommended fordemanding lift operations offering high strength, low rotation construction. The Dyform construction ensures accurate diameter tolerances for multi-layer coiling and suitable for single or multi-part reeving.See page 20

Endurance DYFORM 8PIDyform 8PI ropes are impregnated with plastic providing a cushion withinthe rope that increases fatigue life and internal protection, whilst maintainhigh strength, crush resistance and low stretch.See page 21

Product Selection

Knuckle Boom Crane Ropes

07

Handling OperationsBridon Hydra range of products has been developed to meet the varying demands of different offshore lifting and deployment applications.

Specialist Lifting and Deployment

Hydra 7500DYFORM

Hydra 7500 Dyform multi-strand ropes offer exceptional'low rotational' properties incorporating a high steel fillfactor that provides high strength, crush resistance,improved fatigue performance and low stretch.See page 16

Hydra 7300DYFORM

Hydra 7300 Dyform ropes offer a high steel fill factor, providing highstrength, excellent resistance to crushing and abrasion. See page 17

Hydra 5500 multi strand ropes provide large diameter high strengthrotation resistant ropes ensuring excellent fatigue performance with highstrength and lower weight to diameter ratio to aid in deepwater operations.Hydra 5500 is intended for use with systems incorporating a traction winchfor single layer load cases. Hydra 5500 is available in conventional andDyform construction to suit your individual requirements.See page 18 & 19

Hydra 5300DYFORM Increased strength, fatigue and wear resistance and greater cross sectionintegrity. A high performance steel wire rope. See page 18

Products also suitable for this application Hydra 7500 Dyform andBlue Strand 6x36. Please contact Bridon for more information.

Offshore Winch RopesHydra 5500 DYFORM

Hydra 7500DYFORM

Hydra 7500 Dyform multistrand ropes offer exceptionallow rotation properties essential for specialist, deep water,single fall knuckle boom cranes. The high steel fill factorensures high strength and suitable robustness inapplications where full load is applied directly tomultilayer rope reel. See page 16

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Product Selection

08

Electromechanical & Subsea CablesThe essential building block of all cable constructions, including armour packages, is high quality steel wire. Bridon operates itsown wire mill which specialises in the production of high quality galvanised wire to the most differentiated and exactingspecifications. As a specialist wire rope manufacturer Bridon has access to the widest range of cable manufacturing equipmentand the expertise and flexibility to utilise these assets to best achieve your subsea cable requirements.

Bridon is able to supply a range of steel armoured cables to meet theindividual requirements for your application. The combination of Bridonsexpertise in high tensile wire manufacture, cable armouring & braidingtechnology together with our partner companies technical leadership inmaterials, electrical & optical cable manufacture has culminated in our highperformance Thin Wall Technology armoured cables. The resulting slimprofile cables ensure minimum drag & weight alongside the logisticalbenefits of larger winch drum capacity enabling with reduced drum size orutilisation of existing equipment for more extreme locations. Please contact Bridon for your specific requirements.

Cable Armouring

Bridons range of torsionally balanced wire rope constructions are availablefor use within subsea cables for weight elements in critical segments.Specialist terminations and clamping arrangements can also beaccommodated. Due to the high fill factor providing the highest weight todiameter ratio, spiral strand constructions offer the most appropriate physicalproperties for this application.

Subsea Cable Weight Elements

BRIDON Oil and Gas

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

18

18

17

Page

Products

Dyform DB2K

Diamond Blue

Spiral Strand

Superline Polyester

Superline Polyester (MODU)

Superline Steelite Xcel

Viking Braidline Nylon Super Hawser

Superline Nylon OCIMF 2000

Endurance Dyform 8PIBlue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core (Metric & Imperial)

Blue Strand 6x36Class steel core (Metric & Imperial)

Dyform Bristar6x19 Class for Drilling Lines

Dyform Bristar6x37 Class for Riser Tensioner Lines

Hydra 7500Dyform

Hydra 5500Dyform

Endurance Dyform34LR & 34LRPI

Hydra 7300 Dyform

Hydra 5300 Dyform

Hydra 5500

Page

19

20

21

22

24

25

25

26

27

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

10

Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products.Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs, please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop aspecification to match your requirements.

Ropediameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes Tons(2000lbs)

MN Mlbs kN.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

In air

Approximate massMinimum breaking

force (Fmin)Submerged Ordinary lay

Axial stiffness@20% load

Torque generated @20% load Metalliccrosssection

52545657.26060.363.56466.76869.9727676.28082.6848888.99295.396100101.6

21/8

21/4

23/821/2

25/8

23/4

3

31/4

31/2

33/4

4

12.213.214.214.816.316.518.318.620.220.922.123.526.226.329.030.932.035.135.838.341.141.745.346.8

8.878.879.5410.011.011.112.312.513.514.114.915.817.617.719.520.821.523.624.125.827.628.130.431.4

11.511.512.413.014.214.315.916.117.518.219.320.422.822.925.226.927.830.531.133.435.836.339.440.7

7.727.728.308.719.539.6310.710.811.812.212.913.715.315.416.918.118.720.520.922.424.124.426.527.3

239625842778289931903222357336293942409743294593511851455670604562526861700273217856797284308702

244263283295325328364370402418441468522524578616637699714746801813859887

269290312326358362401408443460486516575578637679702771787822882896947978

146157169176194196217221240249263279311313345368380417426456490497539556

33353840444449505456596370707883859496103110112121125

1.61.82.02.22.52.53.03.03.43.63.94.35.15.15.96.56.87.98.18.89.79.91112

119513381492159018351863217522272521267129023171372937594350478850365790596964567176733580868481

140215121626169618661885209021232306239725332687299430103318353736584014409743874708477751845351

2.172.342.522.632.892.923.243.293.573.723.934.174.644.675.145.485.676.226.356.807.307.408.038.29

DYFORM DB2K

BRIDON Oil and Gas

11

Products

Ropediameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes Tons(2000lbs)

MN Mlbs kN.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

In air

Approximate massMinimum breaking

force (Fmin)Submerged Ordinary lay



52545657.26060.363.56466.76869.9727676.28082.6848888.99295.396100101.6108114.3120.7127

21/8

21/4

23/821/2

25/8

23/4

3

31/4

31/2

33/4

441/441/243/45

11.712.613.614.215.615.717.517.719.320.021.222.425.025.127.729.530.633.534.236.639.339.943.344.750.556.663.169.8

8.878.879.5410.010.510.611.711.912.913.514.215.116.816.918.619.920.522.523.024.626.426.829.130.033.938.042.446.9

11.511.512.413.013.613.715.215.416.817.418.419.521.821.924.125.726.629.229.831.934.234.737.738.943.949.254.960.8

7.727.728.308.719.119.2010.210.411.311.712.413.114.614.716.217.317.919.620.021.423.023.325.326.129.533.136.940.8

223124062587269929703000332733793670381540314277476547905280562958216389652065607039714277508000830593021037311484

22724526427530330633934437438941143648648853857459365166566971772879081584794810571171

251270291303334337374380412429453480535538593632654718732737791802871899933104511651290

140151163170187189209213231240254269300302333354367402411440472479520536606679757838

3234373842424748525457616768758082909299106108117121136153170188

1.51.71.92.02.32.42.72.83.23.43.74.04.74.75.56.06.47.37.57.88.78.9101112141619

1113124613901481170917352026207523482489270329543474350240524460469153935561578264276570742677888616102131202714010

1338144315521619178117991995202722012288241825652858287331673376349138323911418844944560494851085771646472097981

2.072.242.412.512.762.793.093.143.413.553.753.984.434.454.915.235.415.946.066.496.977.077.677.928.9510.011.212.4

For use in floating production mooring systems the minimum breaking loads (MBL) are for cables with a drawn galvanised (Z class) finish whichgives corrosion protection for upto 6 years. For corrosion protection upto 10 years the cables are final galvanised (A class). In this case theminimum breaking loads will be reduced by approximately 2%. Contact Bridon for specific requirements.


BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

12

Blue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core (Metric)

Rope diameter

262832363840444852

2.703.144.105.185.786.407.749.2210.8

1.812.112.763.483.884.305.206.207.26

4264946458179101010122014501700

43.450.465.783.392.8103124148173

47.955.572.591.8102113137163191

47254771590410101120135016101890

48.155.872.992.2103114138164193

53.061.480.3102113126152181212

52060378799711101230149017702080

53.061.580.2102113125152180212

58.467.788.4112125138167199234

31.336.347.459.966.874.089.5107125

7.08.211131517202428

17221432045653762783210821376

1271582363363964626137981015

30435246058264871886910341214

0.4700.5460.7130.9021.001.111.351.601.88

In air 1770 grade 1960 grade 2160 grade Ordinary

mm kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs kN Tonnes2000lbs kN Tonnes

2000lbs MN Mlbs

N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

Approximatemass Minimum breaking force (Fmin) Axial

stiffness@20% load

Torquegenerated@20% load

Metalliccrosssection

Blue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core (Imperial)

Rope diameter

25.428.631.834.938.141.344.547.650.8

111/811/413/811/215/813/417/82

2.753.484.305.196.197.268.429.6611.0

1.852.342.893.494.164.885.666.497.39

3995036177438801020118013501530

40.751.362.975.789.7104120138156

44.856.569.383.598.9115133152172

46057871185410101170136015501760

46.958.972.587.1103119139158179

51.764.979.995.9113131153174198

50663678294311101300150017101930

51.664.879.796.1113133153174197

56.871.487.8106125146169192217

29.837.846.856.367.178.891.4105119

6.78.511131518212427

16423131741753967684610331252

121171233308397499624762923

29036745454765276588710171159

0.4490.5690.7040.8481.011.191.381.581.80

In air IPS EIPS EEIPS Ordinary

mmin kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs kN Tonnes2000lbs kN Tonnes

2000lbs MN Mlbs

N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

Approximatemass Minimum breaking force (Fmin) Axialstiffness

@20% load




BRIDON Oil and Gas

13

Products

Blue Strand 6x36 Class steel core (Metric)

Rope diameter

38404448525660

5.916.547.929.4211.112.814.7

3.974.395.326.337.478.609.88

910101012201450170019802270

92.8103124148173202231

102113137163191222255

1010112013501610189021902510

103114138164193223256

113126152181212246282

1110123014901770208024102770

113125152180212246282

125138167199234271311

697793110129150172

16172125293439

5376278321082137617172108

396462613798101512661555

6647368911060124414431656

1.031.141.381.641.932.242.57

In air 1770 grade 1960 grade 2160 grade Ordinary

Blue Strand 6x36 Class steel core (Imperial)

mm kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs kN Tonnes2000lbs kN Tonnes

2000lbs MN Mlbs

N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2


@20% load



Rope diameter

38.141.344.547.650.857.263.566.769.976.282.688.995.3102

11/215/813/417/8221/421/225/823/4331/431/233/44

6.197.268.429.6611.013.917.319.120.824.729.033.838.744.0

4.164.885.666.497.399.3511.612.814.016.619.522.726.029.8

88010201180135015301910

89.7104120138156195

98.9115133152172215

10101170136015501760220029503240353041604830552062706340

103119139158179224301330360424493563639647

113131153174198247331364397467543620705712

111013001500171019302420

113133153174197247

125146169192217272

698295108123156193213234278326378434498

16182124283543485362738598112

53967684610331252176026233026345444385585687083659054

397499624762923129819342231254732724119506661686676

66878490910421187150218552046224826713138363541784786

1.041.211.411.621.842.332.883.173.484.144.865.646.487.42

In air IPS EIPS EEIPS Ordinary

mmin kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs kN Tonnes2000lbs kN Tonnes

2000lbs MN Mlbs

N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2


@20% load




BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

14

DYFORM 6x19 Class for Drilling Lines

Ropediameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs MN Mlbs N.m lbs.ft N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

In air

Approximate mass Minimum breakingforce (Fmin)

EIPS/1960 grade Ordinary Langs



25.428.631.834.938.141.344.547.650.854.057.263.569.976.2

111/811/413/811/215/813/417/8221/821/421/223/43

2.843.604.455.366.397.518.719.9711.412.814.417.721.525.5

1.912.422.993.604.295.045.856.707.638.629.6711.914.417.2

5146528059701156135915771805205523232606321237624471

52.466.482.198.9118138161184210237266327383456

57.773.290.5109130153177203231261293361423502

344454657891106121138156175215261310

810121517202427313539485970

1802573534676087749691185144117312057281436294701

133190261345448571714874106312761517207526763467

n/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

n/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a

33442452463175288410261174133815121696209025333010

0.5180.6570.8120.9791.171.371.591.822.072.342.633.243.934.67


BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

15

DYFORM 6x37 Class for Riser Tensioner Lines

Ropediameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs MN Mlbs kN.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

In air

Approximate mass Minimum breakingforce (Fmin)

IPS/1770 grade Langs lay



4444.547.64850.852545657.260.363.56466.769.973.076.2

13/417/8

2

21/8

21/423/821/2

25/823/427/83

8.628.7910.110.311.512.013.014.014.516.217.918.219.821.723.725.8

5.795.916.786.897.728.098.729.389.7710.912.112.213.314.615.917.4

1456148617041733194120342194235923702639292629723229354638674214

148152174177198207224240242269298303329361394430

164167191195218228246265266296329334363398434473

103105121123138144156167174194215219238261285310

23242728313235383944484953596470

1.41.41.81.82.12.32.62.93.03.54.14.14.75.46.27.0

1030106213041337158517001904212421772558298730583462398445385161

1004102411741194133814021512162616931885209021232306253327623010

1.561.591.821.852.072.172.342.522.622.923.243.293.573.934.284.67


BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

16


BRIDON Oil and Gas

7500 DYFORM

Ropediameter

inmm kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes Tons(2000lbs)

MN Mlbs N.m lbs.ft mm2 in2

In air Submerged

Minimum breaking force(Fmin)

Langs lay


Torque generated@20% load Metallic

cross section

Approximate mass

12.913.514.616.318.019.220.221.823.124.424.525.927.428.929.029.834.134.439.540.542.645.446.148.550.052.654.357.763.467.875.278.580.187.894.494.798.6112.4

8.79.19.811.012.112.913.514.615.516.416.517.418.419.419.520.022.923.126.627.228.630.531.032.633.635.436.538.842.645.650.652.853.959.063.463.766.375.5

11.211.812.714.215.716.717.518.920.121.321.322.623.825.125.326.029.730.034.435.237.139.540.142.244.246.548.051.156.160.066.569.570.977.783.583.887.299.5

7.57.98.59.610.511.211.812.713.514.314.315.216.016.917.017.519.920.123.123.725.026.526.928.329.731.232.234.337.740.344.746.747.652.256.156.358.666.9

236724802675294532463466363539274169435743704623488351515151524858105810666068187112765077608339866287318829981010595108891275313342135381500915784158431653019031

26627930033136538940844146848949151954957957959065365374876580085987293797398199211021190122414341499152116871774178118582138

1481561681882072212322512662812822983153323343403933964554664715235305355535806006387007508318688859701043104710901241

333538424750525660636367717575768889102105106117119120124130134143157168186195199218234235245279

433464520606701774831933102110961101119813011409141314551728173621312158235526252682300029923027309036354117429454205760589068897497754080369861

3193423834475175706136887538098128849591039104210721274128015721591173619351978221222062231227826803036316639964248434450805529556059257272

150015721695189820922234234425322687284028483013318333573375344539654004459347084761527853565415558958706060644770807581839887708950979210541105781101012545

2.32.42.62.93.23.53.63.94.24.44.44.74.95.25.25.36.26.27.17.37.48.28.38.48.79.19.410.011.011.813.013.613.915.216.316.417.119.4

24125327330033135337140042544444547149852552553559259267969572578079185088389090010001080111013001360138015301609161516851940

50.8525457.15606263.5666869.97072747676.27782.68388.9909295.396100101.6102103109114.3116125127128135139.7140143152.4

2

2 1/82 1/4

2 1/2

2 3/4

3

3 1/4

3 1/2

3 3/4

4

4 1/2

5

5 1/2

6

Products

17


BRIDON Oil and Gas

7300 DYFORM

Ropediameter



In air Submerged


Langs lay



cross section

Approximate mass

2 1/8

2 1/4

2 3/82 1/2

2 5/8

2 3/4

7.38.18.99.710.611.512.213.214.214.816.316.518.318.620.220.922.123.526.2

4.95.46.06.57.17.78.98.99.510.011.011.112.312.513.514.114.915.817.6

6.57.17.88.69.410.211.511.512.413.014.214.315.916.117.518.219.320.422.8

4.44.85.35.86.36.87.77.78.38.79.59.610.710.811.812.212.913.715.3

1324146016021751190720692396258427782899319032223573362939424097432945935118

149164180197214232269290312326358362401408443460486516575

8796105115125136146157169176194196217221240249263279311

19212426283033353840444449505456596370

0.70.80.91.11.21.41.61.82.02.22.52.53.03.03.43.63.94.35.1

53962471782093110531195133814921590183518632175222725212671290231713729

84292810191113121213161402151216261696186618852090212323062397253326872994

1.31.41.61.71.92.02.22.32.52.62.92.93.23.33.63.73.94.24.6

135149163179194211244263283295325328364370402418441468522

40424446485052545657.26060.363.56466.76869.97276

Products

18


BRIDON Oil and Gas

5500

Ropediameter



In air Submerged


Langs lay



cross section

Approximate mass

3

3 1/4

3 1/2

3 3/4

4 4 1/44 1/24 3/45 5 1/45 1/2

26.329.030.931.935.838.341.141.746.752.859.165.973.080.688.3

17.719.520.821.524.025.727.628.031.435.539.744.349.154.159.4

22.925.226.927.831.133.335.836.340.745.951.457.463.570.176.9

15.416.918.118.720.922.424.024.427.330.934.638.642.747.151.6

45585024535655396204664471297235810391561012511291125001361414930

512564602622697746801813910102911371268140415291677

3023333543674114404724795366066797578389251014

687580829299106108121136153170188208228

3.23.74.14.35.15.66.36.47.69.110.712.514.616.719.2

235627273001315637424147460947115585670878519245107691232014149

287331673376349139114188449445605108577164647209798188059657

4.54.95.25.46.16.57.07.17.99.010.011.212.413.715.0

46551254656563267772773782693310321151127413881522

76.28082.68488.99295.396101.6108114.3120.7127133.4139.7

5300 DYFORM

Ropediameter



In air Submerged


Langs lay



cross section

Approximate mass

2 1/8

2 1/4

2 3/82 1/22 5/8

2 3/43

3 1/4

3 1/2

3 3/4

4

11.512.213.214.214.816.316.518.320.220.922.126.329.030.932.035.838.341.141.746.8

7.78.98.99.510.011.011.112.313.514.114.917.719.520.821.524.125.827.628.131.4

10.211.511.512.413.014.214.315.917.518.219.322.925.226.927.831.133.435.836.340.7

6.87.77.78.38.79.59.610.711.812.212.915.416.918.118.720.922.424.124.427.3

20692396258427782899319032223573394240974329514556706045625270027321785679728702

232269290312326358362401443460486578637679702787822882896978

136146157169176194196217240249263313345368380426456490497556

30333538404444495456597078838596103110112125

1.41.61.82.02.22.52.53.03.43.63.95.15.96.56.88.18.89.79.912.0

10531195133814921590183518632175252126712902375943504788503659696456717673358481

13161402151216261696186618852090230623972533301033183537365840974387470847775351

2.02.22.32.52.62.92.93.23.63.73.94.75.15.55.76.46.87.37.48.3

211244263283295325328364402418441524578616637714746801813887

5052545657.26060.363.566.76869.976.28082.68488.99295.396101.6

Products

19


BRIDON Oil and Gas

5500 DYFORM

Ropediameter



In air Submerged


Langs lay



cross section

Approximate mass

1 3/4

1 7/8

2

2 1/8

2 1/4

2 1/2

2 3/4

33 1/4

3 1/2

3 3/4

4

4 1/2

5

5 1/26

8.08.89.79.910.611.311.512.512.913.514.615.716.316.818.019.220.220.521.823.124.424.525.927.427.427.632.432.637.538.643.544.148.855.561.570.877.184.793.4111.1

5.45.96.56.67.17.67.78.48.79.19.810.511.011.312.112.913.513.814.615.516.416.517.418.418.418.521.821.925.225.929.229.632.837.341.347.651.856.962.874.7

7.07.78.48.69.29.910.010.911.211.812.713.614.214.615.716.717.517.818.920.121.321.322.623.824.324.428.728.933.234.238.439.243.349.154.462.768.375.082.798.4

4.75.25.75.86.26.66.77.37.57.98.59.29.69.810.511.211.812.012.713.514.314.315.216.016.316.419.319.422.323.025.826.329.133.036.642.145.950.455.666.2

1468161817761812194120782113229323672480267528772945303332463466363536933927416943574370462348835003500355725572618063867112745583189613102021226212900135381510718296

1651821992042182332372582662793003233313413653894084154414684894915195495625626256256947387998379351080114613781449152116972055

9210111111412213013314414815616818018819420722123223625126628128229831530230335634041342348549353261268077884893010261221

212325262729303233353841424447505253566063636771686880769395109110119138153175191209230274

0.20.20.30.30.30.40.40.40.40.50.50.60.60.60.70.80.80.90.91.01.11.11.21.23.03.13.73.74.44.65.45.76.88.49.312.013.114.416.922.3

1561802072142372632693043193423834284474675175706136276887538098128849592245225227172732324933974002422549936189689088409682106351246716477

93010251125114812301317133914531500157216951823189819552092223423442381253226872840284830133183304930653601363541704274490649785375618568757864857093991037012340

1.41.61.71.81.92.02.12.32.32.42.62.82.93.03.23.53.63.73.94.24.44.44.74.94.74.75.65.66.56.67.67.78.39.610.712.213.314.616.119.1

150165181185198212215234241253273293300309331353371376400425444445471498510510568568630670725760848980104012501315138015401865

40424444.454647.6485050.852545657.1558606263.564666869.97072747676.282.68388.99095.396101.6109114.3122127133139.7152.4

Products

20


BRIDON Oil and Gas

Diameter

mm

EIPS / 1960 grade

Minimum breaking force (Fmin)

EEIPS / 2160 grade @20% load

Axialstiffness

Torque generated @20% load Metallic

crosssectionLangsOrdinary

mm2kg/m kN tonnes kN tonnes MN N.mN.m

Approx.nominal lengthmass

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930323435363840

4244464850

0.500.610.720.850.981.131.281.451.621.812.002.212.422.652.883.133.383.653.924.214.505.125.786.136.487.228.00

8.829.6810.611.512.5

92.111113315618120723626629833336840644648753157662367272277582993910601124118913251468

16181776194121132293

9.3911.413.515.918.421.124.027.130.433.937.641.445.449.754.158.763.568.573.679.084.595.7108115121135150

165181198215234

96.7117139163190218248279313349387426468511557604654705758813870990

9.911.914.216.719.322.225.228.531.935.639.443.547.752.156.861.666.671.977.382.988.7101

5.87.08.39.71113151719212325283033363942454852596770758392

101111122133144

1.52.02.53.24.05.06.07.28.6101214161820232629323640485863688194

109125143162183

3.34.45.77.39.111141619232731354046525865738190108130142154181211

245281321365413

58708498114131149168188210232256281307335363393424456489523595672712753839930

10251125123013391453

Dyform 34x7

Dyform 34x19

Endurance DYFORM 34LR & 34LRPI

Products

21

DYFORM 8PI


Ropediameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes 2000lbs

kN Tonnes 2000lbs

mm2 in2

In air

Approximatemass

EIPS/1960 grade 2160 grade Ordinary Langs

Axialstiffness

@20% load

Torque generated@20% loadMinimum breaking force (Fmin) Metallic

crosssection

1617181919.1202222.22425.4262828.63031.8323434.9363838.1404244464850

3/4

7/8

1

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

1.201.361.521.701.721.882.282.322.713.043.183.693.854.234.764.825.445.736.106.796.837.538.309.119.9510.811.8

0.810.911.021.141.151.261.531.561.822.042.142.482.592.843.203.243.653.854.104.564.595.065.586.126.697.287.90

22625528631832235342743550856959669172179489290310201074114312741280141115561708186620322205

23.026.029.132.532.836.043.544.351.858.060.870.573.580.990.992.1104110117130131144159174190207225

25.428.632.135.836.139.648.048.857.163.967.077.781.089.2100101115121128143144159175192210228248

23626729933333636944645553159562372375483093394410661123119513321339147616271786195221252306

24.127.230.533.934.33845.546.354.260.763.673.776.984.695.196.3109115122136136150166182199217235

26.529.933.637.437.841.450.151.159.766.870.081.284.793.2105106120126134150150166183201219239259

1415171919212626313436424448545562656977788594103113123134

3.13.53.94.34.44.85.85.96.97.78.19.4101112121415161717192123252830

5161728586991311351712022172712893333974054855255766786837909151052120213661544

3745536263739710012614916020021324629329835838742550050458367577688610071138

657893109111127169174219260279349371429511520624675741871878101611761352154517561985

485868808294125128162192206257274316376384460498546642647749867997113912951463

1371541731931952142582633083453614194374815405476176506927717758549421034113012301335

0.2120.2390.2680.2990.3020.3310.4010.4080.4770.5340.5600.6490.6770.7450.8370.8480.9571.011.071.201.201.321.461.601.751.912.07

MN Mlbs N.m lbs.ft N.m lbs.ft

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

22


Spiral Strand

Stranddiameter

mm in kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kN Tonnes Tons(2000lbs)

kN Tonnes Tons(2000lbs)

mm MN mm2

Unsheathed in air

Approximate mass

Sheathed in air Submerged SPR2plus Xtreme

Axialstiffness@20%load

Sheathingradial

thickness

Minimum breaking force (Fmin) Metalliccrosssection

65687073767982869092.595.598102105.5108111.5114118121.5124127131133137.5141144146.5147.5153

21/225/823/427/8331/831/433/831/235/833/437/8441/841/443/841/245/843/447/8551/851/453/851/255/853/457/86

21.022.624.827.329.732.735.437.340.142.945.950.453.755.659.063.166.870.374.177.781.784.688.894.799.1103108113118

14.115.216.718.320.022.023.825.127.028.830.833.936.137.439.642.444.947.249.852.254.956.859.763.666.669.572.576.079.0

22.724.426.729.331.834.937.738.943.146.149.254.057.659.462.967.271.174.678.582.286.389.393.699.6104108113119123

15.216.417.919.721.423.425.326.129.031.033.136.338.739.942.345.147.850.152.755.258.060.062.966.969.972.676.179.682.9

17.618.920.923.025.227.729.931.333.636.038.642.745.346.649.653.156.359.162.265.368.770.874.679.583.186.390.795.599.1

11.812.714.015.516.918.620.121.022.624.225.928.730.431.333.335.737.839.741.843.946.247.650.153.455.858.060.964.266.6

4072444547005120564760906550719079388394893094571026610867114271212912775135941436215073157221677517171182721918019867204692090022070

41545347952257662166873380985691196410471108116512371303138614651537160317111751186319562026208721312251

4584995285756356847368088929431004106311541221128413631436152816141694176718851930205321552233230023492480

45534869534458926416705976358095870692679917108471155812071128141367514468151771600816760176311830019204205422150922259232572425925302

4644965456016547207788258879451011110611781230130613941475154716321708179718651958209421932269237124732579

51154760066272179385890997810411114121812981356143915361625170517981883198120562157230824162500261327252842

66888888101010101111111111111111111111111111111111

41644148453758462067171276681387095410171056112011971266131313851452152815521628173618171884196920582146

2519267429353252354138784194445147875080543659636354659770037480791483098764919396701001010505111981172512154127001327513846

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

23


kN

40724700564765507938893010266114271277514362157221717119180204692207023835

A

1870201020602105215021952240229023402395246525302595267027352810

B

155172182191205211225235250260275285295310315325

C

136146156162176181191201216226241251261276281291

D

132141145160177182202212227237252267277292302322

E

155161166181198203223233248258273288298313323333

Tonnes

17171725252535353535353535353535

kg

2052552903354004906307909251025117013101470181019452095

Min. jaw gap

160166171186203208230240255265280295305320330340

Pin diameter

135145155161175180190200215225240250260275280290

Closed Socket

Overall termination length (mm)

Socket bore

Orkotbore

Lug width

Width inc.orkot

Pad eyeSWL

Estimated terminations weight

Required connecting steel workdimensions (mm)

Cable MBL

Closed Socket

Open Socket

Long Term Mooring Sockets

kN

40724700564765507938893010266114271277514362157221717119180204692207023835

A

1820195020052055210821612218229023482433250325722643272327902865

B

135145155161175180190200215225240250260275280290

C

155172182191205211225235250260275285295310315325

D

160166171186203208228238253263278293303318328338

E

132141145160197182202212227237252267277292302322

Tonnes

17171725252535353535353535353535

Kg

25030535040547058073090010651185136515301710209022452395

Max. link width

132141145160177182202212227237252267277292302322

Link bore dia

155172182191205211225235250260275285295310315325

Open socket

Overall termination length (mm)

Pin Orkotouter

Jawgap

Jaw gapinc. orkot

Pad eyeSWL

Estimated terminations weight

Required connecting steel workdimensions (mm)

Cable MBL

BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products


Polyester

Diameter*

in mm kN kg/m

In air Submerged

Approximate massPost installation drift

stiffnessIntermediatestiffness

Stormstiffness

lb/ft kg/m lb/ft MN 103 kips MN 103 kips MN 103 kips

MBL

415/1651/2515/1661/465/8615/1671/4715/1683/883/49 91/293/4101/8103/8109/161013/16111/16111/4117/16115/8

126139151158168177185201213223229241247257263268274281286291296

39244905618069597848882998101098712263137341471515696166771785818639196202060121582225632354424525

88211021389156517641984220524692756308633073527374839684189440946304850507152915512

10.012.114.415.918.019.921.925.828.931.833.637.239.242.444.446.448.550.752.654.756.7

6.78.19.710.712.113.414.717.319.421.422.625.026.328.529.831.232.634.135.336.838.1

2.53.03.64.04.55.05.56.57.28.08.49.39.810.611.111.612.112.713.213.714.2

1.72.02.42.73.03.43.74.34.95.45.76.36.67.17.57.88.28.58.89.29.5

51.063.880.390.5102.0114.8127.5142.8159.4178.5191.3204.0216.8232.2242.3255.1267.8280.6293.3306.1318.8

11.514.318.120.322.925.828.732.135.840.143.045.948.751.654.557.360.263.165.968.871.7

105.9132.4166.9187.9211.9238.4264.9296.6331.1370.8397.3423.8450.3482.2503.3529.7556.2582.7609.2635.7662.2

23.829.837.542.347.653.659.566.774.483.389.395.2101.2107.1113.1119.0125.0131.0136.9142.9148.8

109.9137.3173.0194.9219.7247.2274.7307.6343.4384.6412.0439.5467.0500.0521.9549.4576.8604.3631.8659.2686.7

24.730.938.943.849.455.661.769.177.286.492.698.8104.9111.1117.3123.5129.6135.8142.0148.1154.3

kips

*Diameters shown in the above table are nominal values and should be used for guidance purposes only.


Products

25

Steelite Xcel constructions shown in the above table exhibit a relative density of

Products

26

Diameter* CircumferenceIn air

Approximate massMBL new dry MBL new wet

in mm in mm kg/m lb/ft kN kips kN kips

31/831/233/441/843/843/45 53/855/86 61/465/871/281/291/2

808896104112120128136144152160168192216240

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 27 30

251.3276.5301.6326.7351.9377.0402.1427.3452.4477.5502.7527.8603.2678.6754.0

4.04.85.76.77.88.910.211.412.814.315.817.422.828.835.6

2.73.23.84.55.26.06.97.78.69.610.611.715.319.423.9

14401750204024402820321036104110461051105660623081501030012700

3243934585486347218119241036114812721400183223152854

1370166019402310268030503420390043704850537059107730977012000

308373436519602685769876982109012071328173721962697

Nylon Super Hawser



BRIDON Oil and Gas

Products

27

Diameter* CircumferenceIn air

Approximate massMBL new dry MBL new wet

in mm in mm kg/m lb/ft kN kips kN kips

31/831/233/441/843/843/45 53/855/86 61/465/867/871/471/277/881/481/287/891/8

808896104112120128136144152160168176184192200208216224232

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

251.3276.5301.6326.7351.9377.0402.1427.3452.4477.5502.7527.8552.9578.1603.2628.3653.5678.6703.7728.8

4.25.26.17.08.39.510.411.713.214.616.217.819.822.224.126.128.630.532.535.4

2.83.54.14.75.66.47.07.98.99.810.912.013.314.916.217.519.220.521.823.8

146217762109248228843316377742674787533759256533718178488554929010055108501167412537

329399474558648745849959107611991332146816141764192320882260243826242818

1344162819422276264930413463391443954905543559946592721078588525923199571072211507

30236643751159568377888098811021221134714821620176619162075223824102586

Nylon OCIMF 2000



BRIDON Oil and Gas


A variety of Load / Extension graphs to suit your specificload case are available for the Fibre Products in thisbrochure. Please contact Bridon for further details.

Tensile Strength

Strengths are determined on new ropes under laboratoryconditions according to Bridons QA25 quality procedures.Ropes can be supplied and tested to a number ofinternational quality standards including EN 919, US MilSpecifications and Cordage Institute specifications.

Weight

Rope mass is determined by weighing a rope sample thathas been measured at a reference load.

For most ropes this is calculated as:

Reference Load (kg) = D/8

Where D = Rope diameter (mm)

Care in useStorage

Ropes should be stored, where possible under suitablecover. The area should be clean, dry and cool out of directsunlight. Rope should be stored off the ground, to allowadequate ventilation, and away from metal walls or steampipes. Never store rope on concrete or dirty floors, or dragover rough ground - dirt and grit picked up by the rope canwork into the strands cutting the inside fibres. Keep awayfrom chemicals of all types. In the case of long termstorage used ropes should be hosed down with fresh waterto reduce salt crystals that can affect the life and efficiencyof the ropes.

Physical Properties

Extension Properties of Synthetic Ropes

Rope extension and elasticity are important characteristicsbecause they will determine rope behaviour in terms of peakloads and mooring excursions. Synthetic fibre ropes differfrom steel because the load-extension characteristics ofsynthetic fibre ropes are non-linear and time dependent.

The overall extension of a synthetic rope is made up fromseveral different components:

Elastic Extension

Elastic extension is the extension that is immediatelyrecoverable upon the release of the load. In a continuouslyworking environment elastic extension will dominate therope behaviour.

Visco-elastic Extension

Visco-elastic extension is only recoverable with time afterthe release of the load. The behaviour of ropes subjected tooccasional high loads will be significantly influenced by thisvisco-elastic component.

Permanent Extension

Permanent extension is non-recoverable. It will occur when anew rope is first used or when a rope is subject to an unusuallyhigh load. It occurs as a result of the individual fibrecomponents of the rope bedding in to their preferredpositions. Continuous loading of some ropes can also lead tofurther permanent extension due to creep at the molecular level.

Components of Rope Extension

Synthetic Rope Technical Information

Nylon (Polyamide) 1.14 0.1 0.12 218Polyester 1.38 0.12 0.15 256HMPE (Steelite) 0.97 0.07 147

Material Properties

Material SpecificGravity

DynamicCo-efficientof FrictionagainstSteel

MeltingTemp.oC

Permanent Visco-elastic Elastic Extension

Total Extension


"V" shaped grooves should not be used as they tend topinch and damage the rope by increasing friction andcrushing the fibres. Sheave surfaces should be smooth andfree from burs. Sheaves should be maintained regularly sothat they are free to rotate at all times.

Sharp Bends

Sharp bends around any piece of equipment should beavoided. Where a static rope passes around any surfacewith a deflection of 10 degrees or more then the diameterof the surface should be a minimum of three times the ropediameter. Any sharp bend in a rope under load willsubstantially decrease its strength and may causepremature damage or failure.

Eye Splices

The length of an eye in a rope should be a minimum ofthree times, and preferably five times, the diameter of theitem around which it is to be passed. This will ensure thatthe angle between the two legs of the eye will not cause atearing action at the throat of the eye. For instance if theeye of a mooring line is passing around a 600mm diameterbollard then the eye should be a minimum of 1.8 metresand preferably 3 metres.

Retiring Ropes

Apart from rejecting your rope when obviously damaged, itis wise to establish lifetimes of your rope within theparameters of the use for which it was selected. This willallow you to retire your rope on a regular scheduled basis,provided of course, that your conditions of usage remainunchanged. Remember to re-establish your discard criteriaif changing rope type, rope material or rope breaking load.Safety of life and property is the prime consideration. If indoubt ask Bridon for recommendations.

Handling

If a rope is supplied on a reel this must be allowed to freelyrotate on a central pin or pipe so that the rope can bedrawn off the top layer. Never take rope from a reel lying onits side.

Braided ropes can not be kinked or hockled, however, twistcan be imparted into the ropes in service. Excessive twistcan cause an imbalance between the right and left handstrands and should therefore be removed as soon aspossible by counter-rotating the rope when it is relaxed.

Rope Safety

Never stand in line with a rope under tension. If a rope failsit can recoil with sufficient force to cause serious injury oreven death. Ensure all end terminations are adequate totake shock loads. Use correct safety factors.

Rope Inspection

In use, rope should be inspected regularly for evidence ofsurface abrasion (chafe) including major yarn or strandcuts.

Ropes should be examined along their entire length forareas of stiffening or inconsistent diameter, where the ropehas either flattened (necking) or has an unusual lump orsurface hernia. This can indicate internal damage or corefailure due to overloading or severe shock loads. If limitedto one small section the damaged area may be cut out andre-spliced, otherwise the rope should be discarded.

Check splices and tucks for evidence of movement ormisalignment. If in doubt cut off and re-splice.

Rope installation and handling equipment

Full guidelines for rope installation and operation areavailable on request from Bridon.

Pulleys and Sheaves

The ratio between rope diameter and sheave diameter iscritical to the safe usage of a rope. As a general guide aratio of 8:1 minimum should be used for 8-strand, 12-strandand Braidline (Double Braid) ropes and 12:1 minimumshould be used for Superline ropes. The groove of thepulley should be "U" shaped and the groove width 10%greater than the rope diameter. The depth of the grooveshould be approximately half the rope diameter.

Synthetic Rope Technical Information

Steel Rope Technical Information


Recommended Handling Procedures

This section provides recommendations and information on thecorrect installation and handling of Drilling Lines, to ensureoptimum working lives are achieved.

In general all reputable Wire rope producers now manufactureDrilling-Lines to very precise regulations and within high qualitycontrol procedures.

As a result of this, it is a proven fact that the majority ofunnecessary drilling line wear, damage and premature discardproblems arise from incorrect handling and treatment of therope in service.

With the Drilling Lines now becoming much larger in diameterand often longer in length, making them significantly heavier,the potential for damage is proportionally greater. Therefore itbecomes increasingly essential that these ropes are handledcorrectly in order to operate safely and optimise the ropeworking life.

Rope Storage

Unwrap and examine the rope immediately after delivery to site,(whether its at the on-shore base warehouse, or out on the rig)to confirm everything is in order.

Check its diameter, itsidentification and conditionand to verify that it is fully inaccordance with yourrequirement, as per thepurchase order andspecification and importantlythe details shown on theCertificates and documents.

Select a clean and well ventilated, dry location for storage,where it is not likely to be affected by chemical fumes, steam ofcorrosive agents.

Mount the reel on timbers or suitable frame to ensure that the ropedoes not make direct contact with the ground and if stored forextended periods of time ensure the reel in rotated periodically toprevent the migration of lubricants from the rope.

Installation

Prior to installation of the rope (drill-line), ensure that:

A. The drill-line storage reel is properly mounted and free torotate.

B. The reel is correctly positioned, so that the drill-line willspool off correctly, in the same direction the fast-line willspool onto the draw-works drum, i.e. Over-wind to over-wind, or under-wind to under-wind.

C. Prior to reeving the drill-line, the following components andequipment must be inspected, to ensure they arecompatible with and wont damage the new drill-line that isto be installed.

i), All sheave groove root profiles are to be gauged, to ensurethat they are within acceptable tolerances (as per picturesleft). Ideally the groove profile should measure 7.5% abovethe nominal diameter of the rope.

ii), All sheave grooves areto be checked thoroughly,to ensure that there are norope (drill-line) tread wearpatterns, indentations orscoring in them.

iii), All sheave bearingsmust be checked foradjustment, so they arefree to rotate efficientlyand with the minimum oftractive effort.

Check to ensure that there is no excessive side-movement,(wobble) which would cause sheave groove enlargementand the accompanying premature sheave bearing failure,and undoubtedly contribute to premature drill-line discard.

D. The Travelling Block should be positioned so it is aligned aswell as possible with the Crown Cluster Blocks sheaves. Itshould also be hung off and secured to preventmovement, which is essential to ensure that no turn isinduced in the rope during installation. On most operationalrigs, the travelling-block is hung-off in the derrick , stillattached to its guide dolly, so the sheave alignment of bothblocks will be good.

E. The Draw-works drum and its flanges need to be inspectedto make sure all grooves are in good condition and that theyare still compatible with the drill-line size.

(Note: The groove radius and pitch should be checked andmeasured prior to ordering the new line and the detailsadvised to the rope supplier, to ensure the rope supplied issuitable for the system).

F. The drum flanges, wear and kick-plates should be checked toensure they are in good condition. (As damage and adversewear to them can damage the drill-line).

G. The Travelling block must be hung off and secured to preventmovement whilst the new Drill line is being reeved.

If any component in the reeving configuration is worn, ordamaged, to the extent where it might damage the drill-line,then it should be repaired in situ or changed out prior to reevingthe new drill-line.

To leave it in this condition and continue operating, will not onlycause premature drill-line discard, but also constitute an unsafeworking operation.

Drilling Lines

P

O

BBRRIIDDOONN

WRONG

Sheave groove toonarrow

Sheave groove toowide

Sheave groovecorrectlysupporting therope for 33% ofits circumference

WRONG

RIGHT


31BRIDON Oil and Gas

Rope Installation

Installation of the new drilling Line is usually undertaken bypulling it through the reeve-up system with the old rope. API9B, recommends that the two ropes be connected by means ofwhat they call a swivel stringing grip, (which is also known asa snake, a Chinese finger, or a sock). This can be a satisfactoryprocedure with the smaller drill-lines with minimum number offalls. But preferably without a swivel in the reeving hook-up.

(A swivel should never ever be used with Flattened Strand or anyother Langs Lay rope.)

In the case of the much larger diameter drilling lines and multi-fallsystems, where the tensions in reeving are much higher, then the useof a stringing grip, or similar, is not a practical or safe way toproceed. The common practice is to directly connect one line to theother. (Splicing is the preferred and safest method).

The prime objective during reeving of the new line is to ensurethat no turn is introduced into the new line, either from the oldline or by the system.

The possible imposition of rope turn can be checked byattaching a flag or marker at the connection point of the newdrill-line and then observed during installation. If any twist isseen to be induced into the rope, then this should be let outbefore the rope is attached to the drawworks.

Ideally the rope should then be wound onto the Draw-worksdrum at the recommended minimum required fast-line tension ,possibly by using a pinch-roller type drill-line tensioner. Thisrope tension should be applied until the drill-line has the weightof the travelling assembly on it.

The manufacturers recommended minimum number of deadwraps on the Drawworks drum, should where possible becomplied with, as any additional or an excessive number ofdead wraps, especially any wraps without sufficient tension onthem, could lead to rope slackness on the drum with probablerope crushing damage.

On Rigs with Crown Mounted Compensators, it is recommendedthat the cylinders be extended, prior to winding the line on to thedraw-works drum. This ensures that the excessive amount ofdrill-line that is required for CMC operation when the cylinders areextended, is taken up in the falls between the crown and travellingblocks as the drill-line is wound onto the drum under tension.

On some draw-works the fast-lines exit-hole through the drumflange to the clamp may not allow the rope to enter if it has beenserved (seized). In such a case it is essential to fuse all the wiresand strands at the rope end, by weld, to ensure that nothingmoves when the serving (seizings) are removed.

Once installed, the rope system should then be lifted andlowered under average working tensions for several cycles,until the rope has bedded in.

Slipping and Cutting

It is essential that before the rope is cut it is securely bound, onboth sides of the cut. Failure to properly bind the rope will allowrelative movement of the components of the rope wires andstrand which can cause constructional unbalance andsubsequent distortion of the rope in the working rope system.

Distortions or disturbance of the strands within the rope, will resultin uneven distribution of the load applied and also surface wear.

A condition, that will effect the working life of the rope.

The binding/seizing itself should be of soft or annealed wire orstrand (of approximately 0.125 in diameter), wound tightlyaround the rope at both sides of the cutting position, using aServing Mallet or a Marlin Spike.

Alternatively a clamp of suitable design, such as a spare draw-works drum anchor clamp is ideal for serving (seizing) the drill-line prior to cutting and fusing it

For conventional 6 strand preformed ropes the serving (seizing)length, should be no less than twice the diameter of the ropebeing cut. However in Triangular (Flattened) Strand or otherLangs Lay ropes, then two servings (seizings) on either side ofthe cut would be preferred.

The calculated length of rope to be slipped is critical to ensurethat the rope is subject to even wear as the rope progressesthrough the reeving system. Therefore this length must bemeasured as accurately as possible, to avoid the rope beingpositioned at repeat critical wear positions in the system.

An inaccurate measurement and cut of say half of a singledrum wrap, could cause a slip and cut to be inaccurate enoughto cause critical wear-spots to move to repeat positions duringthe slip and cut.

It is of course of paramount importance, after the slip and cut iscompleted, that the drill-line is wound onto the drawworks at therecommended tension using a pinch-roller type drill-line tensioneruntil the weight of the travelling assembly is on the drill-line.

One Important Thing To Remember

The main issue that normally dictates/necessitates the need fordrill-line handling, whether its to do a slip and cut, or to changeout a complete drill-line, is the actual rope condition in terms ofwear and damage.

Ton.Miles is a conventional method, based upon experience, ofcalculating the amount of work done by the rope and to thendetermine the service life of the rope through a slip and cutprogramme. However it must be emphasised that Ton.Miles is ageneral guide only and should not be used as the sole criteriafor assessing the rope condition, as continual visual monitoringis also essential.

If the visual condition of the drill-line, indicates that the drill-lineis showing excess wear and/or damage, or is encroaching on,equal to, or exceeding that described as discard criteriaaccording to ISO 4309, then it should take precedence overTon.Mileage as the discard criteria.

Failure to slip and cut, if this sort of excessive drill-line wearoccurs, ahead of the scheduled ton-mileage slip and cut,normally results in extremely long slip and cuts in the future andprobably an unsafe working condition.

It should be noted, If the rope regularly appears in goodcondition at the programmed time for slip and cut, and that thisgood condition can be further confirmed by the Manufacturer,then the Ton.Mile Slip and Cut programme may be extended toincrease the ropes service life.

The above recommendations are offered as a guidance to thehandling of Drilling Lines during installation and service. It isessential that the Drilling Line is at all times correctly handled,inspected and slipped through the system, to ensure a safeworking operation and an optimum working rope life

For further information please contact Bridon direct.


32

Any assembly of steel wires spun into a helical formationeither as a strand or wire rope, when subjected to a tensileload, can extend in three separate phases, depending onthe magnitude of the applied load.

There are also other factors which produce rope extensionwhich are very small and can normally be ignored.

Phase 1 - Initial or Permanent Constructional Extension

At the commencement of loading a new rope, extension iscreated by the bedding down of the assembled wires with acorresponding reduction in overall diameter. This reductionin diameter creates an excess length of wire which isaccommodated by a lengthening of the helical lay. Whensufficiently large bearing areas have been generated onadjacent wires to withstand the circumferential compressiveloads, this mechanically created extension ceases and theextension in Phase 2 commences. The Initial Extension ofany rope cannot be accurately determined by calculationand has no elastic properties.

The practical value of this characteristic depends uponmany factors, the most important being the type andconstruction of rope, the range of loads and the numberand frequency of the cycles of operation. It is not possibleto quote exact values for the various constructions of ropein use, but the following approximate values may beemployed to give reasonably accurate results.

The above figures are for guidance purposes. More precisefigures are available upon request.

Phase 2 - Elastic Extension

Following Phase 1, the rope extends in a manner whichcomplies approximately with Hookes Law (stress isproportional to strain) until the Limit of Proportionality orElastic Limit is reached.

It is important to note that wire ropes do not possess aYoungs Modulus of Elasticity, but an apparent Modulus ofElasticity can be determined between two fixed loads.

The Modulus of Elasticity also varies with different ropeconstructions, but generally increases as the cross-sectional area of steel increases. By using the valuesgiven, it is possible to make a reasonable estimate ofelastic extension, but if greater accuracy is required it isadvisable to carry out a modulus test on an actual sampleof the rope.

Elastic Extension =

W = load applied (kN)

L = rope length (m)

EA = axial stiffness MN

Phase 3 - Permanent Extension

The permanent, non-elastic extension of the steel causedby tensile loads exceeding the yield point of the material.

If the load exceeds the Limit of Proportionality, the rate ofextension will accelerate as the load is increased, until aloading is reached at which continuous extension willcommence, causing the wire rope to fracture without anyfurther increase of load.

Thermal Expansion and Contraction

The coefficient of linear expansion () of steel wire rope is0.0000125 = (12.5 x10-6) per oC and therefore the changein length of 1 metre of rope produced by a temperaturechange of t oC would be;

Change in length | = |o t where:

= coefficient of linear expansion|o = original length of rope (m)

t = temperature change (oC)

The change will be an increase in length if the temperaturerises and a decrease in length if the temperature falls.

Extension due to Rotation

The elongation caused by a free rope end being allowed to rotate.

Extension due to Wear

The elongation due to inter-wire wear which reduces thecross-sectional area of steel and produces extraconstructional extension.

Example: What will be the total elongation of a 200 metre length of 38mm diameter Blue Strand 6x36 wire rope with an axial stiffness of 69MN, at a tension of 202 kNand with an increase in temperature of 20oC.

Permanent Constructional Extension = 0.25% of

rope length = 500mm

Elastic Extension = = = 585mm

Thermal Expansion = | = |o t = 0.0000125 x 200,000 x 20 = 50mmTherefore total extension = 500 + 585 + 50 = 1135mm

Properties of Extension of Steel Wire Ropes

WL (mm)EA

WLEA

202 x 20069

% of rope length

Fibre Core Steel CoreLightly loaded 0.25 0.125Factor of safety about 8:1Normally loaded 0.50 0.25Factor of safety about 5:1Heavily loaded 0.75 0.50Factor of safety about 3:1Heavily loaded Up to 2.00 Up to 1.00with many bends and/or deflections

BRIDON Oil and Gas


33

In addition to bending stresses experienced by wire ropesoperating over sheaves or pulleys, ropes are also subjectedto radial pressure as they make contact with the sheave.This pressure sets up shearing stresses in the wires,distorts the ropes structure and affects the rate of wear ofthe sheave grooves. When a rope passes over a sheave,the load on the sheave results from the tension in the ropeand the angle of rope contact. It is independent of thediameter of the sheave.

Load on bearing =

Assuming that the rope is supported in a well fitting groove,then the pressure between the rope and the groove isdependent upon the rope tension and diameter but isindependent of the arc of contact.

Pressure, P =

P = pressure (kg/cm2)

T = rope tension (kg)

D = diameter of sheave or drum (cm)

d = diameter of rope (cm)

Maximum Permissible Pressures

It should be emphasised that this method of estimation ofpressure assumes that the area of contact of the rope inthe groove is on the full rope diameter, whereas in fact onlythe crowns of the outer wires are actually in contact with thegroove. The local pressures at these contact points may beas high as 5 times those calculated and therefore thevalues given above cannot be related to the compressivestrength of the groove material.

If the pressure is high, the compressive strength of thematerial in the groove may be insufficient to preventexcessive wear and indentation and this in turn will damagethe outer wires of the rope and effect its working life. Aswith bending stresses, stresses due to radial pressureincrease as the diameter of the sheave decreases.Although high bending stresses generally call for the use offlexible rope constructions having relatively small diameterouter wires, these have less ability to withstand heavypressures than do the larger wires in the less flexibleconstructions. If the calculated pressures are too high forthe particular material chosen for the sheaves or drums orindentations are being experienced, consideration shouldbe given to an increase in sheave or drum diameter. Sucha modification would not only reduce the groove pressure,but would also improve the fatigue life of the rope.

The pressure of the rope against the sheave also causedistortion and flattening of the rope structure. This can becontrolled by using sheaves with the correct groove profilewhich, for general purposes, suggests an optimum grooveradius of nominal rope radius +7.5%. The profile at thebottom of the groove should be circular over an angle ofapproximately 120o, and the angle of flare between thesides of the sheave should be approximately 52o.

Hardness of Rope Wire

Suggested pulley hardness: 250-300 Brinell for Mn steel orequivalent alloy steel.

If the calculated pressure is too high for the particularmaterial chosen for the pulley or drum, considerationshould be given to increase in pulley or drum diameter.Such a modification would not only reduce the groovepressure, but would also improve the fatigue life of the ropeby reducing the bending stresses imposed.

Pressures between Ropes and Sheaves or Drums

2T sin 2

2TDd

Min. TensileStrength

2160N / mm2

1960N / mm2

1770N / mm2

1570N / mm2

API 9AGrade

EEIPS

EIPS

IPS

PS

Brinel

480 / 500

470 / 480

445 / 470

405 / 425

RockwellC

52

51

49

45

Ropegrade

ApproximateEquivalent

ApproximateHardness

5 - 8 Ordinary lay5 - 8 Langs lay9 - 13 Ordinary lay9 - 13 Langs lay14 - 18 Ordinary lay14 - 18 Langs layTriangular strand

20253540424755

404560707585100

105120175200210240280

Number of outer wiresin strands

Groove material

Castiron

kgf/cm2

Lowcarboncast steel

kgf/cm2

11 to 13%Mn steel

orequivalentalloysteelskgf/cm2

BRIDON Oil and Gas


34

Bend fatigue testing of ropes usually consists of cycling alength of rope over a sheave while the rope is under aconstant tension and as part of its ongoing developmentprogramme Bridon has tested literally thousands of ropesin this manner over the years on its in-house own designbend testing equipment.

Through this work, Bridon has been able to compare theeffects of rope construction, tensile strength, lay direction,sheave size, groove profile and tensile loading on bendfatigue performance under ideal operating conditions. Atthe same time it has been possible to compare rope life todiscard criteria (e.g. as laid down in ISO 4309) with that tocomplete failure of the rope, i.e. to the point where the ropehas been unable to sustain the load any longer. As part ofthe exercise, it has also been possible to establish theresidual breaking strength of the rope at discard level ofdeterioration.

Effects of D:d Ratio and loading on fatigue life -Typical example Dyform 6

What needs to be recognised, however, is that very fewropes operate under these controlled operating conditions,making it very difficult to use this base information whenattempting to predict rope life under other conditions. Otherinfluencing factors, such as dynamic loading, differentialloads in the cycle, fleet angle, reeving arrangement, type ofcoiling on the drum, change in rope direction, sheavealignment, sheave size and groove profile, can have anequally dramatic effect on rope performance.

However, the benefit of such testing can be particularlyhelpful to the rope manufacturer when developing new orimproving existing products.

If designers or operators of equipment are seeking optimumrope performance or regard bending fatigue life as a keyfactor in the operation of equipment, such information canbe provided by Bridon for guidance purposes.

Service life curve for various D:d ratios

When considering the use of a steel wire rope around aminimum D:d ratio, it is generally accepted that at below4:1 the effect on the strength of the rope needs to beconsidered. Permanent distortions within the rope will occurwhen using ratios of 10:1 and less and that a minimum ratioof 16:1 be used for a rope operating around sheaves.

Approximate loss in breaking strength due to bending

Bend FatigueNumber of bends to rope failure

30 29 28 27 26

5% MBL

10% MBL

20% MBL

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

D:d ratio0

100

60

40

20

0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

80

Relative Rope Service Life

Efficiency % MBF

1.0000 10 20 30 40

0.900

0.800

0.700

0.600

0.500

0.400

0.300

0.200

0.100

0.000

D:d rat io

EB = 1 -0.5

D/d

Sheave D:d rat io

BRIDON Oil and Gas


35

Rotaing loads can put at risk the safety of those personswithin a lifting zone during a lifting operation.

In order to reduce the risk of rotation the machinerydesigner or user may find it may be necessary toincorporate a swivel in the reeving system; however, itshould be recognised that excessive rotation could have anadverse effect on rope performance depending on theropes rotational characteristics.

To assist the machinery designer or user in determiningwhether or not a swivel should be used in a lifting system,the following guidance, taking into account the rope type,

construction and lay type and direction, is given. For simplicity, the ropes are grouped according to theirrotational characteristics.

Note 1: A swivel should not be used when installing a rope.

Note 2: Further guidance on the use of swivels with six strand

and rotation-resistant ropes is given in ISO 4308 Cranes

and lifting appliances - selection of wire ropes - part 1

General.

Note 3: Swivels have varying degrees of efficiency and may be

either an independent accessory or an integral part of a

lifting accessory such as a crane hook.

Swivels

Group 1

Both sets of ropes in this group have high values of rotation when loaded and must not be used unless both ends of the rope are fixed and prevented from rotating however they must NOT be used with a swivel, under any circumstances.

Blue Strand 6x19 Langs layBlue Strand 6x36 Langs layEndurance Bristar 6 Langs lay

Endurance Dyform Bristar 6 Langs layEndurance 8 Langs layEndurance 8PI Langs lay

Endurance Dyform 8 Langs layEndurance Dyform 8PI Langs layEndurance Dyform 6 Langs layEndurance Dyform 6PI Langs lay

Endurance DSC 8 Endurance Dyform DSC 8

DO NOT USE A SWIVEL

Group 1a: Single layer ropesLangs lay

Group 1b: Parallel-closed ropesLangs and Ordinary (Regular) lay

Group 2

With one end free to rotate, all of the ropes in this group will generate less rotation when loaded than those listed inGroup 1. However, such ropes are still likely to unlay and distort under this condition.

When used in single part reeving they may require a swivel to prevent rotation in certain operating conditions but thisshould only apply when employee safety is an issue.

Blue Strand 6x19 Ordinary layBlue Strand 6x36 Ordinary lay

Diamond BlueDyform DB2K Ordinary lay

Hydra 5300 Dyform Ordinary layHydra 7300 Dyform Ordinary lay

Endurance 8 Ordinary layEndurance Dyform 6 Ordinary layEndurance Dyform 6PI Ordinary lay

Endurance Dyform 8 Ordinary layEndurance 8PI Ordinary lay

Endurance Dyform 8PI Ordinary layEndurance Bristar 6 Ordinary lay

Endurance Dyform Bristar 6 Ordinary lay

Group 2: Single layer ropesOrdinary (Regular) lay

BRIDON Oil and GasBRIDON Oil and Gas


36

Group 3

The ropes in this group incorporate a centre which is laid in the opposite direction to that of the outer strands andare specifically designed to have a medium amount of resistance to rotation.

If it is necessary to use a swivel with any of these ropes in single part reeving to prevent rotation of the load, therope should operate within the normal design factor of 5, not be subject to any shock loading and be checked dailyfor any evidence of distortion.

Where any of these ropes are used in multi-part reeving, the use of an anti-friction swivel at the outboard anchorpoint is not recommended. However, a swivel which can be locked may be useful when optimising the reeving,following rope installation or after subsequent changes to the reeving arrangement.

It should be noted that if a swivel is used in conjunction with these ropes, the bending fatigue life may be reduceddue to increased internal deterioration between the outer strands and the underlying layer.

Endurance 18 Endurance Dyform 18 Endurance 18PI

Group 3: Rotation-resistant ropesLangs and Ordinary (Regular) lay

Group 4

The ropes in this group are designed to have extremely low levels of rotation when loaded and, if necessary, mayoperate with a swivel in both single and multi-part reeving systems.

Any induced rotation which might normally result from any fleet angle or loads cycle effect would be expected to berelieved when the rope is used with a swivel.

Testing has also shown that when used with a swivel at normal design factor of 5 and zero fleet angle, no reduction ineither rope breaking force or bending fatigue life would be expected.

Endurance 35LSEndurance Dyform 34LREndurance Dyform 34LR PI

Hydra 5500Hydra 5500 Dyform

Hydra 7500 Dyform

Group 4: Low rotation ropes

Swivels

BRIDON Oil and Gas


37

Of all the factors which have some influence on the windingof a rope on a smooth drum, the fleet angle, arguably, hasthe greatest effect.

Fleet angle is usually defined as the included anglebetween two lines, one which extends from a fixed sheaveto the flange of a drum and the other which extends fromthe same fixed sheave to the drum in a line perpendicularto the axis of the drum. (See illustration).

Illustration of Fleet Angle

If the drum incorporates helical grooving, the helix angle ofthe groove needs to be added or subtracted from the fleetangle as described above to determine the actual fleetangle experienced by the rope.

At the drum

When spooling rope onto a drum it is generallyrecommended that the fleet angle is limited to between 0.5O

and 2.5O. If the fleet angle is too small, i.e. less than 0.5O,the rope will tend to pile up at the drum flange and fail toreturn across the drum. In this situation, the problem maybe alleviated by introducing a kicker device or byincreasing the fleet angle through the introduction of asheave or spooling mechanism.

If the rope is allowed to pile up it will eventually roll awayfrom the flange creating a shock load in both the rope andthe structure of the mechanism, an undesirable and unsafeoperating condition.

Excessively high fleet angles will return the rope across thedrum prematurely, creating gaps between wraps of ropeclose to the flanges as well as increasing the pressure onthe rope at the cross-over positions.

Even where helical grooving is provided, large fleet angleswill inevitably result in localised areas of mechanicaldamage as the wires pluck against each other. This isoften referred to as interference but the amount can bereduced by selecting a Langs lay rope if the reeving allows.The interference effect can also be reduced by employinga Dyform rope which offers a much smoother exteriorsurface than conventional rope constructions.

Floating sheaves or specially designed fleet anglecompensating devices may also be employed to reducethe fleet angle effect.

At the sheave

Where a fleet angle exists as the rope enters a sheave, itinitially makes contact with the sheave flange. As the ropecontinues to pass through the sheave it moves down theflange until it sits in the bottom of the groove. In doing so,even when under tension, the rope will actually roll as wellas slide. As a result of the rolling action the rope is twisted,i.e. turn is induced into or out of the rope, either shorteningor lengthening the lay length of the outer layer of strands.As the fleet angle increases so does the amount of twist.

To reduce the amount of twist to an acceptable level the fleetangle should be limited to 2.5O for grooved drums and 1.5O forplain drums and when using rotation-resistant low rotation andparallel-closed ropes the fleet angle should be limited to 1.5O.

However, for some applications it is recognised that forpractical reasons it is not always possible to comply withthese general recommendations, in which case the rope lifecould be affected.

Rope TorqueThe problem of torsional instability in hoist ropes would notexist if the ropes could be perfectly torque balanced underload. The torque generated in a wire rope under load isusually directly related to the applied load by a constanttorque factor. For a given rope construction the torquefactor can be expressed as a proportion of the ropediameter and this has been done below..

Variation with rope construction is relatively small andhence the scope for dramatically changing the stability of ahoisting system is limited. Nevertheless the choice of thecorrect rope can have a deciding influence, especially insystems which are operating close to the critical limit. Itshould be noted that the rope torque referred to here ispurely that due to tensile loading. No account is taken ofthe possible residual torque due, for example, to ropemanufacture or installation procedures.

Torsional Stability

The torque factors quoted on page 39 are approximatemaximum values for the particular constructions. To calculate the torque value for a particular rope sizemultiply by the nominal rope diameter. Example: for 52mm dia. Hydra 7500 Dyform Langs Lay at20% of minimum breaking force:-

Torque value = torque factor x rope dia.= 1.8% x 52mm= 0.936mm

To calculate the torque generated in a particular rope whensubjected to a tensile load, multiply the load by the torquevalue and conbine the units. Example:- For 20mm dia. Hydra 7500 Dyform Langs Lay at 496kN:

Torque generated = torque value x load.= 0.936 x 496= 464Nm

Fleet Angle

Fleet angle

Drum

Sheave

Fleet angle

Drum

Sheave

BRIDON Oil and GasBRIDON Oil and Gas


38

The torsional characteristics of wire rope will have the effectof causing angular displacement of a sheave block whenused in multi-fall reeving arrangements. The formula below gives a good approximation under such arrangements.

S2 = 4000L. Tv

sin

Where S is the rope spacing in mm

L is the length of each part in

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