Brief Response

• What were the reasons for the first revolution against the Tsar in March 1917? Why did many Russians become disillusioned with the revolutionary Provisional Government and support the second revolution started in October by the Communists?

BR answers

• People were angry over problems in Russia the Tsar was not solving:– Starvation– Unfairness– Armies losing the war to Germany

• People supported the Communists because the first revolutionary government continued the war with Germany, which everyone did not want anymore.– Kerensky’s Provisional refused to end the war against Germany.

The Post WW I World:Latin America

p. 388

10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.

10.6.1 Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States' rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.

10.6.2 Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on population movement, the international economy, and shifts in the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle East.

10.6.3 Understand the widespread disillusionment with prewar institutions, authorities, and values that resulted in a void that was later filled by totalitarians.

10.6.4 Discuss the influence of World War I on literature, art, and intellectual life in the West (e.g., Pablo Picasso, the "lost generation" of Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway).

Unit: Other Global Interests

• World War I was not the only event in the world at the turn of the 20th century.  – For many nations, WWI did not directly touch them.  – the Great War was hardly spoken of except, perhaps,

in trading circles and the major cities.

• Still many other parts of the world were indirectly involved, – selling resources to the industrial powers, – providing colonial troops to be sent to the far off war.

Latino Self-Reliance

• Latino nations began showing remarkable pride in their country and people in the early 20th century.

• They realized how vulnerable they were to changes in the world economy: (3)– Any change in the world economy (recession/depression) could

devastate Latino economies.• When US, Britain, and France’s economies failed in 1930s, so did

Latino economies.

– World depression caused a major drop in the price of Latino exports.

• Fewer were able to buy them.

– High price of imports was draining treasuries.

Latin America

• Latino elites and foreign investors profited from sales to the Europeans during the WWI.

• As an educated middle class grew in many Latino nations, they demanded more rights and access to the government. 

Hacienda:

• Large, wealthy Mexican plantations and ranches.  – Cash crops

• The upper class and foreign investors owned most of the land, and most of Mexico’s wealth.

• Mexico’s peasants (peones) were indebted to the land-owners– Could not leave land until debts were paid– Suffered from bad health and no chance of education.

1917 Constitution

• Nationalization:  – right of the government to take control of

lands and natural resources. • Church lands made “property of the nation” • Mexican government will take control of all

petroleum in the 1930s.

Review: What Reforms are in the 1917 Mexican Constitution? (5)

• Land reform

• Nationalization

• Labor reform

• Universal male suffrage

• Women’s rights

Nationalization

• 1930s, ____________, is perhaps Mexico’s foremost reformer president:

• Lazaro Cardenas• He put Mexican government in control of

(nationalized) all petroleum. – American and British oil companies’ ownership was

removed but compensated• beginning PEMEX

• It boosted Mexican pride: Mexico was becoming more economically independent.

Revolutionary Indepedence Party (PRI) has accomplished some reforms:

• 1920s, regained some indigenous (native-Americans) lands

• 1930s, land distribution to millions of peasants – Expanded school and library systems – Developed a nationalist spirit. – PRI today,

• Nationalized petroleum• Employment• Leadership and Cooperation\• PRImero Mexico!

Cultural nationalism:

• Nations like Mexico began to accept their multi-cultural heritage. – Indian and African facets became

acceptable and were mixed with Western ways.

– Mexico saw a renaissance of mural art, based on Aztec and Maya styles.

Cultural nationalism:

• Popular Mexican artists included: (5) (show the art links)– Diego Rivera, murals, art– Jose Clemente Orozco, art– David Alfaro Siqueiros, art– Rufino Tamayo, art– Frida Kahlo, art

• Nicaragua:– The U.S. invaded Nicaragua to capture the rebel

leader, – Augusto Sandino.

• He fought imperialism in Latin America, – especially the United States.

– American forces later left.

– the _________ family assassinated him and took control of Nicaragua.

– Somoza• With US aid, they would reign for 45 years

Intervention

The Norteamericanos:

• The United States had been policing Latin America actively since Theodore Roosevelt declared the ______

• “Roosevelt Corollary”

More Intervention

• Mexico:– US president, ____________, ordered an invasion of

Mexico at Veracruz in 1914, when US sailors were arrested by Huerta officials.

– Woodrow Wilson– He again sent troops into Northern Mexico to chase

down Pancho Villa’s forces who had been robbing US banks along the border to pay for their revolution.

• US General Pershing failed to capture Villa.

Good Neighbor Policy:

• US president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt promised to lessen US interference in and promote respect of Latin American affairs.

Good Neighbor Policy:

• Some US actions, under Franklin Roosevelt, to promote better relations with Latino nations in the 1930s included: (3)– He ordered US troops removed from Haiti and

Nicaragua– He revoked the Platt Amendment, freeing the

Cuban government– He supported Mexican nationalization of

petroleum• Aided in compensating US oil companies

hwk

Standards Check, p. 389

• Question:

• Elites resented foreign business influence

• Poor rural peasants wanted land

• Poor urban workers wanted better wages

• The urban middle class wanted a democratic government

Thinking Critically, 389

• Questions• 1

– Diaz stepped down as leader– Madero was elected president

• Is assassinated by Huerta– Set up a dictatorship

– Carranza, Villa, and Zapata defeated Huerta• Carranza defeated Villa and Zapata• Carranza becomes president in 1917

• 2• Carranza was a landowner

– Getting rid of Villa and Zapata ended the demands for land reform

image/graph, 390

• Question

• Lazaro Cardenas

Standards Check, p. 391

• Question:

• It lessened the power of foreign investors

• Distributed land more equally

Political cartoon, p. 391

• 1

• Because he nationalized the petroleum industry in Mexico

• 2

• Probably not: because – the cartoon is in English– It opposes the nationalization of oil as did

American and British oil companies.

Standards Check, p. 392

• Question:

• Both developed from a growing wish to end foreign dependence.

Image, p. 392

• Question:

• It shows Mexican pride in their ancestry

Thinking Critically, p. 393

• 1

• Rivera may be emphasizing on the role conflict and violence in Mexican history.

• 2

• Rivera proudly shows a colorful combination of Mexico’s indigenous and European cultures.

Brief Response

• Mexicans fought a revolution for change in the 1910s.

• Do you think the Constitution actually brought reforms the Mexican people wanted? Cite lesson/text evidence.

End hwk

• Begin classwork