brmedj07783-0018

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1470 a= Bu ] THE 'AITH THAT HEALS. [JUNE I 8 , 1910. laughing after his fashion, said, " ' Why, Butlin, she's a sofa saint." NOTE Ill.-Two cases a r e worthy o f mention under this piragraph. A great many years ago, durina t h e enthu- siasm in favour o f Chian turpentine a a cure f o r cancer, I w as consulted b y a gentleman w h o w as nearly cured o f a cancer o n each border o t h e tongue, T he disease b a d been diagnosed b y S i r James Paget a n d other distin- guished surgeons o f t h e dav. H e h ad placed himself under the care o f D r . Clay, an d h e told m e h e h a d taken Chian turpentine a n d Canada balsam until hi s feet a n d hands a nd face swelled, and he w a s stupefied. Th e swelling o f h i s feet w as such that h e could n ot p u t on h i s boots. In fact, he seemed from h is dcescription t o have suffered from a temporary condition resembling myx. oedema. B ut t h e ulcers o f h i s tongue began slowly t o mend under the treatment, and, when I s aw them, they were on the road t o rapid recovery. A n d this patient did recover. O f course, the diagnosis o f cancer m a y have been erroneous. T h e other case w a3 that o f a lady whom I never s a w myself, b u t a n account was given m e o f i t b y a n o l d friend i n general practice.. I t w a s in t h e days when thyroid extract w as i n favour, a nd h e tried i t in a case o f recurrent cancer o f t h e breast, where there were ulcerated plaques in t h e skin, a n d the diagnosis h ad been confirmed b y micro- scopical -examination. He pushed t h e administration o f thyroid extract until t h e patient w a s s o i l l from i t that h e feared that s h e might die. B u t when s h e h a d reached that state her cancer began t o g e t well, a n d continued t o d o s o under less vigorous doses o f thyroid until s h e quite recovered. It will b e observed that i n both these cases the medicine was pushed until i t produced a very extraordinary effect upon t h e health o f the patient. A repetition o f t h e same tactics h a s n ot been attended with success in the case o f either remedy. Certainly n o t with thyroid, f o r I have pushed i t i n the treatment o f hospital patients (where I could b e sure that what w a s ordered w a s taken) a s f a r a s t h e safety o f t h e patient would permit. NOTE IV.-Pierre d e Rudder suffered from inability t o rest h i s weight upon h i s l e g a n d from necrosis a nd dis- charging sinuses, following upon a compound fracture sustained i n the year 1867. H e w a s treated by various medical m e n i n t h e course o f the next eight years, b u t t h e sinuses remained still unhealed and he w as n o t able t o u s e h i s l e g t o much purpose. I n the year 1875 h e went, n o t t o Lourdes itself, b u t t o t h e Sanctuary o f Notre-Dame de Lourdes at Oostacker-lez-Gand, where h e bathed. Supparation i s said t o have ceased at once, t h e wounds suddenly closed, t wo cicatrices formed, bony consolidation w a s performed without t h e formation o f a callus a n d without shortening o r vertical deviation. Even i f this case were accepted, i t i s b u t a poor exhibition compared with what might have been expected. O ne cannot b a t a s k whether this is the best which s o powerful an inter- cessor as Notre-Dame de Lourdes c a n i n t h e course o f half a century. It s importance in t h e minds o f t h e faithful i s shown b y the appoint- o f a Commission i n 1907 f o r the purpose o f sifting t h e evidence, a n d b y th e fact that t h e canonic judgement o f th e Bishop o f Bruges (Monsignor Waffelaert) declared t o t h e world i n 1908 that t h e cure w a s "miracalous." T h e case s a ll published i n t h e Joumrnal d e 1 a Grotte (Dimanche, Aoiut, 1908), during a visit which t h e Bishop w a s making t o Lourdes, a n d t h e faithful were, very much rejoiced a t t h e decision. I would almost desire t o believe the miracle myself, b u t there a r e certainly t w o grave defects i n t h e evidence. There i s n o evidence t o show whether th e bones united in t h e first months after t h e accident; a l l that is said i s that Pierre could not bear upon t h e leg. A n d t h e last medical examination o f hi s l e g was made nearly three months before t h e cure took place. H a d there been clear evidence o f non-union o f t h e fracture u p t o t h e time o f that ex - amination, o r h ad t h e limb been examined b y a n impartial medical witness within t w o o r three days o f t h e cure, t h e case would bear a very different aspect. In t h e Journal d ve L a Grotte this case i s o f a s " la plus celebre de toutes l e s gu6risons dues a l'intercession d e Notre-Dame d e Lourdes." REFERENCES. 1 C2inicaZ Lectures an d Essays, second edition. p. 98. London, 1879. THE FAITH THAT HEALS. BY WILLIAM OSLER, M.D., F.R.S., REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY. NOTHING i D life i s more wonderful than faith-the o n e great moving force which w e c a n neither weigh i n t h e balance nor test i n t h e crucible. Intangible t h e ether, ineluctable as gravitation, th e radium of the moral and mental spheres, mysterious, indefinable, known only b y i t s faith pours o u t a n unfailing stream o f energy while abating n or j o t n o r tittle of i t s potency. Well indeed d i d S b . Paul break o u t into t h e well-known glorious panegyric, buteven this scarcely does justice t o t h e Hertha o f the psychical world, distributing force as from great storage battery, without money a n d without price t o t h e children o f men. Three o f i t s relations concernus here. T h e most active manifestations are i n t h e countless affiliations which m a n i n h i s evolution h a s worked o u t with t h e unseen, with t h e invisible powers, whether o f light o r o f darkness, t o which from time immemorial he has 'erected altars and shrines. T o each o n e o f t h e religions, past o r present, faith h as been t h e Jacob's ladder. Creeds pass; a n inexhaustible supply of faith remains, with which m a n proceeds to rebuild temples, churches, chapels, an d shrines. A s Swinburne says in that wonderful poem, T h e Altar o f Righteou8ness: G o d by G o d flits past i n thunder, till h i s glories turn t o shades: G o d t o G o d bears wondering witness h o w h i s gospel flames an d fades. More w a s each of these, while y et they were, than m a n their servant seemed: Dead a r e a l l of these, an d m a n survives w h o m ad e them while he dreamed. A n d a l l this h a s been done b y faith, a n d faith alone. Christendom lives o n i t , a n d countless thousands a r e happy i n t h e possession o f that most touching o f a ll con- fessions, " Lord I I believe-; help Thou my unbelief." But, with i t s Greek infection, t h e Western mind i s a poor transmitter o f faith, the apotheosis o f which must be sought i n t h e religions o f ,the East. Th e Nemesis o faith is that neither i n it s intensity n o r in i t s effects does m a n find a n y warrant t h e worthiness o f t h e object on which i t i s lavished-the followers o f J o e Smith, t h e Mormon, are as earnest a n d believing as are those o f Confucius I Again, faith i s t h e cement which binds m an t o m a n i n every relationin life. Without faith i n the Editor o f t h e JOURNAL I would n o t have aocepted his invitation t o write this brief note, a n d h e had confidence that would n o t write rubbish. Personally I have battened o n i t these thirty-six years, ever since the McGill Medical Faculty gave m e m y first mount. I have had faith i n t h e pro- fession, the most unbounded confidence i n i t a s on e o f the great factors i n the progress o f humanity; a n d o n e o f the special satisfactions o f m y life h a s been that m y brethren have i n many practical ways shown faith i n me , often much more than ( a s I know i n m y heart o f hearts) I have deserved. I take this illustration of t he practical value o f t h e faith that worketh confidence, bu t there i s n o t a human relationship which could n o t be used f o r t h e same purpose. A n d a third aspect i s on e o f very great importance t o th e question i n hand-a m a n must have faith i n himself t o b e o f a n y u s e in t h e world. There m ay b e very little o n which t o base it-no matter, b u t faith in one's powers, i n one's mission is essential t o success. Confidence once won, t h e rest follows naturally; a n d with a strong faith i n himself a m an becomes a local centre f o r i t s radiation. S t . Francis, S t . Theresa, Ignatius Loyola, Florence Nightin. gale, t h e originator o f every cult o r sect o r profession, h a s possessed this infective faith. A n d i n th e ordinary every- d a y work o f the doctor, confidence, assurance. ( in t h e proper sense f the word) is a n asset without which i t i s very difficult t o succeed. How often o n e hear t h e remark, " O h ! h e does n o t inspire confidence," o r t h e reverse!I Ho w true i t i s , a s wise o l d Burton says: " That the patient must have a sure hope i n hi s physician. Damascen, the Arabian, requiires likewise i n t h e physician himself that h e be confident h e o a n cure him, otherwise h i s

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1 4 7 0 a = Bu ] THE 'AITH THAT HEALS. [ J U N E I 8 , 1 9 1 0 .

l a u g h i n g a f t e r h i s f a s h i o n , s a i d , " ' Why, B u t l i n , s h e ' s a s o f as a i n t . "NOTE I l l . - T w o c a s e s a r e w o r t h y o f m e n t i o n u n d e r t h i s

p i r a g r a p h . A g r e a t many y e a r s a g o , d u r i n a t h e e n t h u -

s i a s m i n f a v o u r o f C h i a n t u r p e n t i n e a s a c u r e f o r c a n c e r ,I was c o n s u l t e d b y a g e n t l e m a n who was n e a r l y c u r e d o fa c a n c e r o n e a c h b o r d e r o f t h e t o n g u e , The d i s e a s e b a db e e n d i a g n o s e d b y S i r J a m e s P a g e t a n d o t h e r d i s t i n -g u i s h e d s u r g e o n s o f t h e d a v . H e h a d p l a c e d h i m s e l f

u n d e r t h e c a r e o f D r . C l a y , a n d h e t o l d me h e h a d t a k e nC h i a n t u r p e n t i n e a n d C a n a d a b a l s a m u n t i l h i s f e e t a n dh a n d s a n d f a c e s w e l l e d , a n d h e w as s t u p e f i e d . Thes w e l l i n g o f h i s f e e t was s u c h t h a t h e c o u l d n o t p u t o n h i sb o o t s . I n f a c t , h e s e e m e d f r o m h i s d c e s c r i p t i o n t o h a v e

s u f f e r e d f r o m a t e m p o r a r y c o n d i t i o n r e s e m b l i n g m y x .o e d e m a . B u t t h e u l c e r s o f h i s t o n g u e b e g a n s l o w l y t o mendu n d e r t h e t r e a t m e n t, a n d , w hen I saw t h e m , t h e y w e r e o n

t h e r o a d t o r a p i d r e c o v e r y . A nd t h i s p a t i e n t d i d r e c o v e r .

O f c o u r s e , t h e d i a g n o s i s o f c a n c e r may h a v e b e e n

e r r o n e o u s .The o t h e r c a s e wa3 t h a t o f a l a d y w h o m I n e v e r saw

m y s e l f , b u t a n a c c o u n t was g i v e n me o f i t b y a n o l d f r i e n di n g e n e r a l p r a c t i c e . . I t was i n t h e d a y s wh en t h y r o i de x t r a c t was i n f a v o u r , a n d h e t r i e d i t i n a c a s e o f r e c u r r e n t

c a n c e r o f t h e b r e a s t , w h e r e t h e r e w e r e u l c e r a t e d p l a q u e s i nt h e s k i n , a n d t h e d i a g n o s i s had b e e n c o n f i r m e d b y m i c r o -

s c o p i c a l - e x a m i n a t i o n . H e p u s h e d t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f

t h y r o i d e x t r a c t u n t i l t h e p a t i e n t was s o i l l f r o m i t t h a t h ef e a r e d t h a t s h e m i g h t d i e . B u t wh en s h e h a d r e a c h e d

t h a t s t a t e h e r c a n c e r b e g a n t o g e t w e l l , a n d c o n t i n u e d t od o s o u n d e r l e s s v i g o r o u s d o s e s o f t h y r o i d u n t i l s h e q u i t er e c o v e r e d .

I t w i l l b e o b s e r v e d t h a t i n b o t h t h e s e c a s e s t h e m e d i c i n e

was p u s h e d u n t i l i t p r o d u c e d a v e r y e x t r a o r d i n a r y e f f e c tu p o n t h e h e a l t h o f t h e p a t i e n t . A r e p e t i t i o n o f t h e same

t a c t i c s h a s n o t b e e n a t t e n d e d w i t h s u c c e s s i n t h e c a s e o fe i t h e r r e m e d y . C e r t a i n l y n o t w i t h t h y r o i d , f o r I h a v e

p u s h e d i t i n t h e t r e a t m e n t o f h o s p i t a l p a t i e n t s ( w h e r e I

c o u l d b e s u r e t h a t w h a t was o r d e r e d was t a k e n ) a s f a ra s t h e s a f e t y o f t h e p a t i e n t w o u l d p e r m i t .

N O T E I V . - P i e r r e d e R u d d e r s u f f e r e d f r o m i n a b i l i t y t or e s t h i s w e i g h t u p o n h i s l e g a n d f r o m n e c r o s i s a n d d i s -c h a r g i n g s i n u s e s , f o l l o w i n g u p o n a c o m p o u n d f r a c t u r es u s t a i n e d i n t h e y e a r 1 8 6 7 . H e was t r e a t e d b y v a r i o u s

m e d i c a l me n i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e n e x t e i g h t y e a r s , b u tt h e s i n u s e s r e m a i n e d s t i l l u n h e a l e d a n d h e was n o t a b l e

t o u s e h i s l e g t o much p u r p o s e . I n t h e y e a r 1 8 7 5 h e w e n t ,n o t t o L o u r d e s i t s e l f , b u t t o t h e S a n c t u a r y o f N o t r e - D a m ed e L o u r d e s a t O o s t a c k e r - l e z - G a n d , w h e r e h e b a t h e d .

S u p p a r a t i o n i s s a i d t o h a v e c e a s e d a t o n c e , t h e w o u n d ss u d d e n l y c l o s e d , t w o c i c a t r i c e s f o r m e d , b o n y c o n s o l i d a t i o nwas p e r f o r m e d w i t h o u t t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a c a l l u s a n dw i t h o u t s h o r t e n i n g o r v e r t i c a l d e v i a t i o n . Even i f t h i sc a s e w e r e a c c e p t e d , i t i s b u t a p o o r e x h i b i t i o n c o m p a r e dw i t h w h a t m i g h t h a v e b e e n e x p e c t e d . One c a n n o t b a t

a s k w h e t h e r t h i s i s t h e b e s t w h i c h s o p o w e r f u l an i n t e r -c e s s o r a s N o t r e - D a m e d e L o u r d e s c a n s h o w i n t h e

c o u r s e o f h a l f a c e n t u r y . I t s i m p o r t a n c e i n t h e

m i n d s o f t h e f a i t h f u l i s s h o w n b y t h e a p p o i n t -m e n t o f a C o m m i s s i o n i n 1 9 0 7 f o r t h e p u r p o s e o fs i f t i n g t h e e v i d e n c e , a n d b y t h e f a c t t h a t t h e

c a n o n i c j u d g e m e n t o f t h e B i s h o p o f B r u g e s ( M o n s i g n o r

W a f f e l a e r t ) d e c l a r e d t o t h e w o r l d i n 1 9 0 8 t h a t t h e c u r ewas " m i r a c a l o u s . " The c a s e i s a l l p u b l i s h e d i n t h e

J o u m r n a l d e 1 a G r o t t e ( D i m a n c h e , A o i u t , 1 9 0 8 ) , d u r i n g a

v i s i t w h i c h t h e B i s h o p was m a k i n g t o L o u r d e s , a n d t h e

f a i t h f u l w e r e , I k n o w , v e r y much r e j o i c e d a t t h e d e c i s i o n .I w o u l d a l m o s t d e s i r e t o b e l i e v e t h e m i r a c l e m y s e l f , b u t

t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n l y t w o g r a v e d e f e c t s i n t h e e v i d e n c e .T h e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e t o s h o w w h e t h e r t h e b o n e s u n i t e d i n

t h e f i r s t m o n t h s a f t e r t h e a c c i d e n t ; a l l t h a t i s s a i d i s t h a t

P i e r r e c o u l d n o t b e a r u p o n t h e l e g . And t h e l a s t m e d i c a l

e x a m i n a t i o n o f h i s l e g was made n e a r l y t h r e e m o n t h sb e f o r e t h e c u r e t o o k p l a c e . H ad t h e r e b e e n c l e a r e v i d e n c eo f n o n - u n i o n o f t h e f r a c t u r e u p t o t h e t i m e o f t h a t e x -a m i n a t i o n , o r h a d t h e l i m b b e e n e x a m i n e d b y a n i m p a r t i a lm e d i c a l w i t n e s s w i t h i n t w o o r t h r e e d a y s o f t h e c u r e , t h e

c a s e w o u l d b e a r a v e r y d i f f e r e n t a s p e c t .I n t h e J o u r n a l d v e L a G r o t t e t h i s c a s e i s s p o k e n o f a s

" l ap l u s c e l e b r e

d e t o u t e s l e sg u 6 r i s o n s

d u e s a l ' i n t e r c e s s i o nd e N o t r e - D a m e d e L o u r d e s . "

REFERENCES.1 C 2 i n i c a Z L e c t u r e s an d E s s a y s , s e c o n d e d i t i o n . p . 9 8 . L o n d o n , 1 8 7 9 .

THE F A I T H THAT HEALS.BY

W ILL I AM OSLER, M . D . , F . R . S . ,REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, OXFORD UNIVE RS ITY.

N O T H I N G i D l i f e i s more w o n d e r f u l t h a n f a i t h - t h e o n eg r e a t m o v i n g f o r c e w h i c h w e c a n n e i t h e r w e i g h i n t h e

b al a n c e n o r t e s t i n t h e c r u c i b l e . I n t a n g i b l e a s t h e e t h e r ,i n e l u c t a b l e a s g r a v i t a t i o n , t h e r a d i u m o f t h e m o r a l a n dm e n t a l s p h e r e s , m y s t e r i o u s , i n d e f i n a b l e , known o n l y b yi t s e f f e c t s , f a i t h p o u r s o u t a n u n f a i l i n g s t r e a m o f e n e r g yw h i l e a b a t i n g n o r j o t n o r t i t t l e o f i t s p o t e n c y . W e l li n d e e d d i d S b . P a u l b r e a k o u t i n t o t h e w e l l - k n o w ng l o r i o u s p a n e g y r i c , b u t e v e n t h i s s c a r c e l y d o e s j u s t i c e t ot h e H e r t h a o f t h e p s y ch i c a l w o r l d , d i s t r i b u t i n g f o r c e a sf r o m a g r e a t s t o r a g e b a t t e r y , w i t h o u t money a n d w i t h o u tp r i c e t o t h e c h i l d r e n o f m e n .

T h r e e o f i t s r e l a t i o n s c o n c e r n u s h e r e . T he m o s t a c t i v em a n i f e s t a t i o n s a r e i n t h e c o u n t l e s s a f f i l i a t i o n s w h i c h mani n h i s e v o l u t i o n h a s w o r k e d o u t w i t h t h e u n s e e n , w i t h t h ei n v i s i b l e p o w e r s , w h e t h e r o f l i g h t o r o f d a r k n e s s , t o w h i c hf r o m t i m e i m m e m o r i a l h e h a s ' e r e c t e d a l t a r s a n d s h r i n e s .To e a c h o n e o f t h e r e l i g i o n s , p a s t o r p r e s e n t , f a i t h h a sb e e n t h e J a c o b ' s l a d d e r . C r e e d s p a s s ; a n i n e x h a u s t i b l es u p p l y o f f a i t h r e m a i n s , w i t h w h i c h man p r o c e e d s t o

r e b u i l d t e m p l e s , c h u r c h e s , c h a p e l s , a n d s h r i n e s . A sS w i n b u r n e s a y s i n t h a t w o n d e r f u l p o e m , T h e A l t a r o fR i g h t e o u 8 n e s s :

God b y God f l i t s p a s t i n t h u n d e r , t i l l h i s g l o r i e s t u r n t os h a d e s :

G o d t o God b e a r s w o n d e r i n g w i t n e s s how h i s g o s p e l f l a m e s an df a d e s .

More was e a c h o f t h e s e , w h i l e y e t t h e y w e r e , t h a n man t h e i rs e r v a n t s e e m e d :

Dead a r e a l l o f t h e s e , an d ma n s u r v i v e s w ho m ad e t he m w h i l eh e d r e a m e d .

And a l l t h i s h a s b e e n d o n e b y f a i t h , a n d f a i t h a l o n e .C h r i s t e n d o m l i v e s o n i t , a n d c o u n t l e s s t h o u s a n d s a r eh a p p y i n t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h a t m o s t t o u c h i n g o f a l l c o n -f e s s i o n s , " L o r d I I b e l i e v e - ; h e l p Thou m y u n b e l i e f . " B u t ,w i t h i t s G r e e k i n f e c t i o n , t h e W e s t e r n m i n d i s a p o o rt r a n s m i t t e r o f f a i t h , t h e a p o t h e o s i s o f w h i c h m u s t b es o u g h t i n t h e r e l i g i o n s o f , t h e E a s t . The N e m e s i s o f

f a i t h i s t h a t n e i th e r i n i t s i n t e n s i t y n o r i n i t s e f f e c t sd o e s man f i n d a n y w a r r a n t o f t h e w o r t h i n e s s o f t h e o b j e c to n w h i c h i t i s l a v i s h e d - t h e f o l l o w e r s o f J o e S m i t h , t h eM o r m o n , a r e a s e a r n e s t a n d b e l i e v i n g a s a r e t h o s e o fC o n f u c i u s I

A g a i n , f a i t h i s t h e c e m e n t w h i c h b i n d s man t o man i ne v e r y r e l a t i o n i n l i f e . W i t h o u t f a i t h i n t h e E d i t or o f t h eJ O U R N A L I w o u l d n o t h a v e a o c e p t e d h i s i n v i t a t i o n t o w r i t et h i s b r i e f n o t e , a n d h e h a d c o n f i d e n c e t h a t I w o u l d n o tw r it e r u b b is h . P e r s o n a l l y I h a v e b a t t e n e d on i t t h e s et h i r t y - s i x y e a r s , e v e r s i n c e t h e M c G i l l M e d i c a l F a c u l t yg a v e me m y f i r s t m o u n t . I h a v e h a d f a i t h i n t h e p r o -

f e s s i o n , t h e m o s t u n b o u n d e d c o n f i d e n c e i n i t a s o n e o f t h eg r e a t f a c t o r s i n t h e p r o g r e s s o f h u m a n i t y ; a n d o n e o f t h es p e c i a l s a t i s f a c t i o n s o f m y l i f e h a s b e e n t h a t my b r e t h r e nh a v e i n many p r a c t i c a l ways s h o w n f a i t h i n m e , o f t e nmuch more t h a n ( a s I know i n my h e a r t o f h e a r t s ) I h a v ed e s e r v e d . I t a k e t h i s i l l u s t r a t i o n o f t h e

p r a c t i c a lv a l u e

o f t h e f a i t h t h a t w o r k e t h c o n f i d e n c e , b u t t h e r e i s n o ta human r e l a t i o n s h i p w h i c h c o u l d n o t b e u s e d f o r t h esame p u r p o s e .And a t h i r d a s p e c t i s o n e o f v e r y g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e t o t h e

q u e s t i o n i n hand-a man m u s t h a v e f a i t h i n h i m s e l f t o b eo f a n y u s e i n t h e w o r l d . T h e r e may b e v e r y l i t t l e on w h i c ht o b a s e i t - n o m a t t e r , b u t f a i t h i n o n e ' s p o w e r s , i n o n e ' sm i s s i o n i s e s s e n t i a l t o s u c c e s s . C o n f i d e n c e o n c e w o n , t h er e s t f o l l o w s n a t u r a l l y ; a n d w i t h a s t r o n g f a i t h i n h i m s e l fa man b e c o m e s a l o c a l c e n t r e f o r i t s r a d i a t i o n . S t .F r a n c i s , S t . T h e r e s a , I g n a t i u s L o y o l a , F l o r e n c e N i g h t i n .g a l e , t h e o r i g i n a t o r o f e v e r y c u l t o r s e c t o r p r o f e s s i o n , h a sp o s s e s s e d t h i s i n f e c t i v e f a i t h . And i n t h e o r d i n a r y e v e r y -d a y w o r k o f t h e d o c t o r , c o n f i d e n c e , a s s u r a n c e . ( i n t h ep r o p e r s e n s e o f t h e w o r d ) i s a n a s s e t w i t h o u t w h i c h i t i sv e r y d i f f i c u l t t o s u c c e e d . H o w o f t e n d o e s o n e h e a r t h er e m a r k , " O h! h e d o e s n o t i n s p i r e c o n f i d e n c e , " o r t h e

r e v e r s e ! I H o w t r u e i t i s , a s w i s e o l d B u r t o n s a y s : " Thatt h e p a t i e n t m u s t h a v e a s u r e h o p e i n h i s p h y s i c i a n .D a m a s c e n , t h e A r a b ia n , r e q u i i r e s l i k e w i s e i n t h e p h y s i c i a nh i m s e l f t h a t h e b e c o n f i d e n t h e o a n c u r e h i m , o t h e r w i s e h i s

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JUNE I 8 , r g i o . ] THE F A I T H T H A T HEALS. T H x B n I T r s nIMEDICAL J O U R N A L 1471

p h y s i c w i l l n o t b e e f f e c t u a l , a n d p r o m i s e w i th a l t h at h ew i l l c e r t a i n l y h e l p h i m , make him b e l i e v e s o a t l e a s t .G a l e o t t u s g i v e s t h i s r e a s o n b e c a u s e t h e f o r m o f h d a l t h i sc o n t a i n e d i n t h e p h y s i c i a n ' s m i n d , a n d as G a l e n h o l d sc o n f i d e n c e a n d h o p e t o b e more g o o d t h a n p h y s i c , h e cures

m o s t i n w h o m m o s t ar e c o n f i d e n t " ; a n d h e q u o t e sP a r a c e l s u s t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t H i p p o c r a t e s was so f o r t u n a t e

i n h i s cures n o t f r o m any e x t r a o r d i n a r y s k i l l , b u t b e c a u s e" t h e common p e o p l e h a d a m o s t s t r o n g c o n c e i t o f h i sw o r t h . "

F a i t h i s i n d e e d o n e o f t h e m i r a c l e s o f human n a t u r ew h i c h s c i e n c e i s as r e a d y t o a c c e p t as i t i s t o s t u d y i t sm a r v e l l o u s e f f e c t s . W h e n we r e a l i z e w h a t a v a s t a s s e t i th a s b e e n i n h i s t o r y , t h e p a r t w h i c h i t h a s p l a y e d i n t h e

h e a l i n g a r t s e e m s i n s i g n i f i c a n t , a n d y e t t h e r e i s no d e p a r t -ment o f k n o w l e d g e more f a v o u r a b l e t o a n i m p a r t i a l s t u d yo f i t s e f f e c t s ; a n d t h i s b r i n g s me t o my s u b j e c t - t h e f a i t ht h a t h e a l s .

A p a r t f r o m t h e more s p e c i f i c m e t h o d s t o b e d e a l t w i t hf a i t h h a s a l w a y s b e e n a n e s s e n t i a l f a c t o r i n t h e p r a c t i c e o fm e d i c i n e , as i l l u s t r a t e d b y t h e q u o t a t i o n s j u s t g i v e nf r o m B u r t o n . L i t e r a t u r e i s f u l l o f e x a m p l e s o f r e m a r k -a b l e cu r e s t h r o u g h t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e i m a g i n a t i o n , w h i c hi s o n l y an a c t i v e p h a s e o f f a i t h . The l a t e D a n i e l HackT a k e ' s b o o k , The I n f l u e n c e o f t h e Mind on t h e B o d y , i s a

s t o r e h o u s e o f f a c t s d e a l i n g w i t h t h e s u b j e c t . W h i l e i ng e n e r a l us e f o r c e n t u r i e s , o ne g o o d r e s u l t o f t h e r e c e n t

d e v e l o p m e n t o f m e n t a l h e a l i n g h as be en t o c a l l a t t e n t i o nt o i t s g r e a t v a l u e as a m e a s u r e t o b e c a r e f u l l y a n d s c i e n t i -f i c a l l y a p p l i e d i n s u i t a b l e cases. My e x p e r i e n c e h a s b e e nt h a t o f t h e u n c o n s c i o u s r a t h e r t h a n t h e d e l i b e r a t e f a i t hh e a l e r . P h e n o m e n a l , e v e n w h a t c o u l d b e c a l l e d m i r a c u -

l o u s , c a r e s ar e no t v e r y uncommon. L i k e o t h e r s , I havehad cases a n y o n e o f w h i c h , u n d e r s u i t a b l e c o n d i t i o n s ,c o u l d have b e e n w o r t h y o f a s h r i n e or made t h e

ge rm o f a p i l g r i m a g e . F o r more t h a n t e n y e a r s a

g i r l l a y p a r a l y s e d i n a N e w J e r s e y t o w n . A d e -v o t e d m o t h e r a n d l o v i n g s i s t e r s h a d worn o u t

l i v e s i n h e r s e r v i c e S h e h a d never b e e n o u t o f b e du n l e s s w h en l i f t e d b y o n e o f h e r p h y s i c i a n s , D r . L o n g -s t r e t h an d D r . S h i p p e n . The new s u r r o u n d i n g s o f a

h o s p i t a l , t h e p o s i t i v e a s suranc e t h a t s h e c o u l d g e t w e l l

w i t h a few s i m p l e m e a s u r e s s u f f i c e d , a n d w i t h i n a f o r t -n i g h t s h e w a l k e d r o u n d t h e h o s p i t a l sq u ar e. T h i s i s a

t y p eo f modern m i r a c l e

t h a t m a k e so n e

a p p r e c i a t e h owr e a d i l y w e l l m e a n i n g p e o p l e may b e d e c e i v e d a s t o t h et r u e n a t u r e o f t h e cure e f f e c t e d a t t h e s h r i n e o f a s a i n t .Who c o u l d d e n y t h e m i r a c l e ? And m i r a c l e i t w a s , b u tn o t b r o u g h t a b o u t b y a n y s u p e r n a t u r a l means. I h a d t h e

g o o d f o r t u n e t o b e a s s o c i a t e d f o r f i v e y e a r s w i t h W e i rM i t c h e l l , a n d saw much o f t h e w o r k i n g s o f t h a t m a s t e rmind o n t h e s i s t e r s o f S i r G a l a h a a l a n d t h e b r o t h e r s o fS i r P e r c i v a l e , w h o f l o c k e d t o h i s c l i n i c s . H i s e x t r a -

o r d i n a r y s u c c e s s , p a r t l y d u e t o t h e r e s t t r e a t m e n t , was

more l a r g e l y t h e r e s u l t o f a p e r s o n a l f a c t o r - t h e d e e p f a i t ht h e p e o p l e had i n h i s pow er t o cure. A nd i t i s i n t h i sgroup p a r t i c u l a r l y t h a t t h e s t r o n g man armed w i t h g o o d

s e n s e , and w i t h f a i t h i n h i m s e l f , may b e a power f o r g o o d .A nd t h e a s s o c i a t i o n s c o u n t f o r m u c h . W i t h o u t any s p e c i a l

s k i l l i n t h e s e cases or s p e c i a l m e t h o d s , o ur r e s u l t s a t t h eJ o h n s H o p k i n s H o s p i t a l were m o s t g r a t i f y i n g . F a i t h i n

S t . J o h n s H o p k i n s , as we u s e d t o c a l l h i m , an a t m o s p h e r e

o f o p t i m i s m , and c h e e r f u l nurses, w o r k e d j u s t t h e sames o r t o f cu r e s as d i d A e s c u l a p i u s a t E p i d a u r u s ; a n d I

r e a l l y b e l i e v e t h a t h a d we h a d i n hand t h a t a r c h -

n e u r a s t h e n i c o f a n c i e n t h i s t o r y , A e l i u s A r i s t i d e s , we

c o u l d have made a more r a p i d cu r e t h a n d i d A p o l l o a n dh i s s o n , w h o t o o k s e v e n t e e n y e a r s a t t h e j o b !

O u t s i d e t h e p r o f e s s i o n f a i t h h a s a l w a y s p l a y e d a s t r o n gr o l e as a p o p u l a r measure o f cure. T h e r e ar e a t p r e s e n tf o u r p l a n s , a l l o f w h i c h i l l u s t r a t e p h a s e s o f an o l d - t i m ep r a c t i c e .

1 . I n E n g l a n d a s m a l l s e c t , t h e P e c u l i a r P e o p l e , carry

o u t a c o n s i s t e n t g o s p e l s y s t e m o f f a i t h h e a l i n g . A p i o u s ,s i m p l e f o l k , o n l y h e a r d o f w hen i n c o l l i s i o n w i t h t h e l a wo f t h e l a n d , t h e y b a s e t h e i r b e l i e f o n t h e p l a i n s a y i n g s o fS c r i p t u r e , " W h a t s o e v e r y e s h a l l a s k i n My n a m e , " e t c .T h e prayer o f f a i t h i s a l l t h e y n e e d , a n d i n consequence ,

w v h e n one o f t h e i r number d i e s , there i s an inquest, and

s o m e o n ei s s e n t t o

p r i s o nf o r

c r i m i n a l n e g l i g e n c e . One o ft h e r e c e n t c ase s was very p a t h e t i c , as b ot h f a t he r a n dmother e x p r e s s e d t h e m o s t t o u c h i n g c o n f i d e n c e t h a t w h a tG o d w i l l e d was b e s t f o r t h e i r c h i l d w i t h s c s I t . l o v e r , a n d

5

w h a t t h e y a s k e d i n p r a y e r w o u l d b e g r a n t e d . T h i s p r i m i t i v eC h r i s t i a n a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s d i s e a s e h a s n e v e r l a c k e da d h e r e n t s i n t h e C h u r c h , a n d m e d i a e v a l l i t e r a t u r e i s f u l l o fi l l u s t r a t i o n s o f a p r a c t i c e i d e n t i c a l w i t h t h a t o f t h e P e c u l i a rP e o p l e .

2 . The C h r i s t i a n C h u r c h b e g a n w i t h a m i s s i o n t o t h ew h o l e man-body a s w e l l a s s o u l - a n d : t h e a p o s t o l i cm i n i s t r y o f h e a l t h h a s n e v e r b e e n w h o l l y a b a n d o n e d .T h r o u g h t h e M i d d l e A g e s t h e p r i e s t s h a d c a r e o f t h e

s i c k ;many o f t h e m o s t

d i s t i n g u i s h e d p h y s i c i a n sw e r e

i nh o l y o r d e r s , a n d e v e n a f t e r t h e R e f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s c o u n t r ymuch o f t h e o r d i n a r y m e d i c a l p r a c t i c e w a s i n t h e h a n d so f t h e c l e r g y . B u t t h e m o s t c b a r a c t e r i s t i c d e v e l o p m e n t o fC h r i s t i a n f a i t h h e a l i n g h a s b e e n i n c o n n e x i o n w i t h c e r t a i ns a i n t s a n d s h r i n e s . T h e e a r l y C h u r c h f o u n d t h e p o p u l a rb e l i e f i n A e s c u l a p i u s s o d e e p l y e n g r a i n e d t h a t many r i t e so f t h e t e m p l e s w e r e d e l i b e r a t e l y a d o p t e d , s u c h a s i n c u b a .t i o n a n d t h e p r a c t i c e o f v o t i v e o f f e r i n g s . T he t e m p l es l e e p , i n w h i c h m e t h o d s o f c u r e w e r e s D g g e s t e d i nd r e a m s , w a s c o n t i n u e d u n t i l r e c e n t t i m e s , a n d i n d e e d h a sn o t y e t b e e n a b a n d o n e d . C e r t a i n s a i u t s h a d s p e c i a l p o w e r s- S t . C o s m a s a n d S t . D a m i a n b e c a m e t h e p a t r o n s o fs u r g e r y ; S t . A n t o n y a n d S t . V i t u s h a d w e l l known v i r t u e s .B e l i e f i n t h e h e a l i n g p o w e r o f r e l i c s b e c a m e u n i v e r s a l .The R e f o r m a t i o n made a s m a l l s e c t i o n h o s t i l e , b u t a l a r g e

m a j o r i t y o f a l l C h r i s t i a n s s t i l l b e l i e v e s t r o n g l y i n t h ep o w e r o f t h e s a i n t s t o c u r e d i s e a s e . The v o t i v e o f f e r i n g s

w h i c h c o v e r t h e w a l l s o f many C a t h ol i c c h u r c h e s o nt h e C o n t i n e n t , a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h g r a t e f u l i n s e r i p t i o n s , a r em o d e r n c o u n t e r p a r t s o f t h e o l d p r a c t i c e i n t h e A e s c u l a p i a nt e m p l e s . M i r a c l e s a r e s t i l l a s common a s b l a c k b e r r i e s ,a n d new s a i n t s a n d ne w s h r i n e s a r e i n a c t i v e manu.f a c t u r e . The p r o c e s s may b e s t u d i e d s i n t h e h i s t o r yo f B e r n a d e t t e S o u b i r o u s , t h e 1 4 - y e a r o l d e c s t a t i c , w hof i f t y y e a r s a g o h a d v i s i o n s o f t h e V i r g i n a t L o u r d e s , nowt h e m o s t p o p u l a r f a i t h r e s o r t i n E u r o p e . The c u r e s a r eo f t e n g e n u i n e , a n d t h e m i r a c l e s a r e o f t h e same k i n d a n da s w e l l a t t e s t e d a s a r e t h o s e o f E p i d a u r u s . M o r e p e o p l e ,i t i s s a i d , f r e q u e n t L o u r d e s t h a n a l l t h e h o s p i t a l so f F r a n c e , a n d t h e same i s t r u e i n C a n a d a o f t h e m o s tp o p u l a r s h r i n e o f t h e N e w World-St Anne d e B e a u p r 6 " .I n t h e E n g l i s h s p e a k i n g w o r l d a n d i n Germany f a i t h h a sb e e n c h i l l e d b y t h e R e f o r m a t i o n , a n d e v e n among C a t h o l i c st h i s mode o f h e a l i n g i s n o t much i n f a v o u r . I d o n o t

know o f a s i n g l e p o p u l a rs h r i n e

i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h ec o u n t r y o f a l l o t h e r s i n w h i c h Roman C a t h o l i c i s mp r e s e n t s t h e m o s t r a p i d d e v e l op m e n t . I n E n g l a n d t h e r eh a s n o t b e e n a n a c t i v e m e d i c a l s a i n t f o r 3 0 0 y e a r s .

3 . H i s t o r y r e p e a t s i t s e l f , a n d w e a r e t o d a y d e e p i n t h et h r o e s o f a n i n t e l l e c t u a l c h a n g e q u i t e a s s t r i k i n g a s t h a tw h i c h came o v e r t h e G r a e c o - R o m a n w o r l d wh en d i s b e l i e fi n t h e g o d s , s t a r t e d b y t h e p h i l o s o p h e r s , f i l t e r e d i n t ocommon l i f e . Me n s o u g h t o t h e r r e s t i n g p l a c e s , some w i t hZ e n o a n d t h e S t o i c s , o t h e r s w i t h E p i c u r u s , w h i l e t h o u s a n d sr e m a i n e d i n t h e m i s t y m i d - r e g i o n o f u n c e r t a i n t y . Thec u l t s w h i c h h a d m i n i s t e r e d t o t h e r e l i g i o u s w a n t sg r a d u a l l y l o s t t h e i r h o l d o n t h e p e o p l e , w h i l e t h e news e c t s a p p e a l e d c h i e f l y t o t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l s . C h r i s t i a n i t yc a m e , a n d , w i n n i n g i t s way f r o m b e l o w u p w a r d s , s w e p taway many c u l t s , a b s o r b e d o t h e r s , a n d g r a d u a l l yd e s t r o y e d t h e s e c t s . O n c e a g a i n o l d b e l i e f s a r e i n

t h e m e l t i n g - p o t . M o d e r n i s m , t h e c u l m i n a t i o n o f t h e

s p i r i t o f t h e R e n a i s s a n c e , h a s c h a n g e d t h e f u n d a m e n t a la s p e c t s o f h u m a n i t y , a n d t h e new w i n e i n t h e o l d b o t t l e sh a s h a d t h e u s u a l e f f e c t . A g r e a t g u l f h a s o p e n e d b e t w e e np a s t o r a n d f l o c k , a n d t h e s h e p h e r d l e s s s h e e p a t l a r g e u p o nt h e m o u n t a i n s h a v e b e e n a t t h e m e r c y o f a n y o n e w hoc o u l d p i p e new t u n e s . One r e s u l t o f t h i s i n t e l l e c t u a la n d s p i r i t u a l u n r e s t i s o f g r e a t p r a c t i c a l i n t e r e s t t o u sa s p h y s i c i a n s , a n d o f s t i l l g r e a t e r i n t e r e s t t o a l l s t u d e n t so f p s y c h o l o g y . A new c u l t h a s a r i s e n , a t t r a c t i v e a n da g g r e s s i v e , u n l i k e i n many ways a n y t h i n g h i t h e r t o s e e n .

I t w a s o n l y n a t u r a l ( a n d t h e p u n i s h m e n t f i t s t h e c r i m e 1 )t h a t s u c h a c u l t s h o u l d c o m e f r o m t h e U n i t e dS t a t e s , t h e c o u n t r y w h i c h p o s s e s s e s a l a r g e r numbero f s e p a r a t e s e c t s t h a n a n y o t h e r i n t h e w o r l d .T h a t t h e f o u n d e r s h o u l d b e a woman p r o f o u n d l y i g n o r a n to f t h e o l o g y a n d o f s c i e n c e , w i t h o u t , i n d e e d , a s i n g l e b o n db e t w e e n t h e p r o f e s s o r s o f t h e o n e o r t h e p r a c t i c e o f t h e

o t h e r , was i n i t s e l f a f a v o u r i n g e l e m e n t . A d i s c i p l e o f a nA m e r i c a n s p i r i t u a l i s t , M r s . Eddy h a d o n e s t r o n g c o n v i c -

t i o n - t h e p a r a m o u n t i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e t h i n g s o f t h e s p i r i t .N e v e r b e f Q r e i n , h i s t o r y s u r c h a r g e d w i t h e x a m p l e s o f

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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE OCCULT. [ J U N E i 8 , i 9 i o .

c r e d u l i t y h a s s o m o n s t r o u s l y p u e r i l e a b e l i e f b e e n e x p l o i t e d .To d e n y t h e e x i s t e n c e o f d i s e a s e , t o d e n y t h e r e a l i t y o fp a i n , t o d i s r e g a r d a l l p h y s i c a l m e a s u r e s o f r e l i e f , t o s w e e paway i n a s p i r i t u a l e c s t a s y t h e a c c u m u l a t e d w i s d o mo f c e n t u r i e s i n a r e t u r n t o O r i e n t a l m y s t i c i s m - t h e s e ,i n d e e d , e x p r e s s e d a r e v o l t f r o m t h e m a t e r i a l i s m o f t h el a t t e r h a l f o f t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y a t o n c e w e i r d ,p e r h a p s n o t u n e x p e c t e d , a n d , t o a s t u d e n t o f humann a t u r e , j u s t a b i t c o m i c . One c a n n o t b u t s m i l e t o t h i n kt h a t t h i s h a s h a p p e n e d a t t h e v e r y t i m e when t h e G o d d e s s

o f R e a s o n w a s p r i d i n g h e r s e l f o n t h e b r i l l i a n c y o f t h ea c c o m p l i s h m e n t s o f h e r d e v o te e s I I t i s , i n d e e d , a s a l u t a r yl e s s o n i n h u m i l i t y , a n d s e r v e s t o r e m i n d u s t h a t o u rd e l i c i o u s l y c r e d u l o u s human n a t u r e i s s t i l l p l a s t i c a n dr e c e p t i v e . To some a s i g n o f d e c a d e n c e , t o me t h e g r o w t ho f C hr i s ti a n S c i e n c e a n d o f Mormonism a r e among t h eh o p e f u l i n d i c a t i o n s t h a t w e a r e i n t h e c h i l d h o o d o f t h er a c e . O n l y i n t h e w e l t e r o f a ne w w o r l d , u n -

t r a m m e l l e d b y a p a s t , a n d b y r e g a r d f o r a u t h o r i t y ,among a k e e n p e o p l e t o o much a b s o r b e d i n b u s i -n e s s t o work o u t f o r t h e m s e l v e s - a n y m e n t a l s a l v a -t i o n c o u l d s u c h a c h a o t i c mass . o f r u b b i s h h a v e h a da n y m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s f u l a c c e p t a n c e . A n d , a s I s a i d , t h ep u n i s h m e n t f i t s t h e c r i m e . F o r g e n e r a t i o n s t h e p e o p l eo f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s h a v e i n d u l g e d i n an o r g i e o f d r u g g i n g .B e t w e e n p o l y p h a r m a c y i n t h e p r o f e s s i o n , a n d q u a c km e d i c i n e s , t h e A m e r i c a n b o d y h a d b e c o r p e s a t u r a t e d

a d n a u s e a m , a n d h e r e i n d e e d was a b o o n e v e n g r e a t e rt h a n h o m o e o p a t h y I N o w o n d e r t h e A m e r i c a n s p i r i t ,u n q u i e t i n a d r u g - s o a k e d b o d y , r o s e w i t h j o y a t a newE v a n g e l . I n e v e r y c o u n t y t h e r e w e r e d y s p e p t i c s a n dn e u r a s t h e n i c s i n s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r s t o d e m o n s t r a t et h e e f f i c a c y o f t h e new g o s p e l I B u t t h e r e a ls e c r e t o f t h e g r o w t h o f C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e d o e s n o t l i ei n t h e r e f a s a l o f p h y s i c a l m e a s u r e s o f r e l i e f o rt h e e f f i c a c y o f p r a y e r , b u t i n o f f e r i n g t o p s o p l e aw ay o f l i f e , a new E p i c u r e a n i s m w h i c h p r o m i s e s t o f r e et h e s o u l ( a n d b o d y ) f r o m f e a r , c a r e , a n d u n r e s t ; a n d i t sr e a l l e v e r i s t h e o p t i m i s m w h i c h d i s c o u n t s t h e w o r r i e so f t h e d a i l y r o u n d . I t h a s d o n e t h e p r o f e s s i o n g o o d i na w a k e n i n g a n i n t e r e s t i n a t o o much n e g l e c t e d s e c t i o n o fr a t i o n a l t h e r a p e u t i c s . The t r a g i c s i d e o f t h e s t o r y l i e s i nt h e v a l u a b l e l i v e s s a c r i f i c e d t o t h e f a n a t i c a l i g n o r a n c e o fs o - c a l l e d h e a l e r s . T h e m i r a c l e s o f C h r i s t i a n S c i e n c e a r et h e f a i t h c u r e s w h i c h w e a l l know s o w e l l . T h e y a r e

e x c l u s i v e l l y i n t h e r e a l m o f f u n c t i o n a l d i s o r d e r s . I h a v en o t m e t w i t h a n y c a s e o f o r g a n i c d i s e a s e p e r m a n e n t l yc u r e d . I know o f r e p u t e d c u r e s o f l o c o m o t o r a t a x i a ; t w o o ft h e s e p a t i e n t s s t i i l t a k e o p i u m f o r t h e l i g h t n i n g p a i n s .

4 . A n d , l a s t l y , t h e r e h a s a r i s e n i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s af o r m o f f a i t h h e a l i n g known a s t h e " E m m a n u e l C h u r c hm o v e m e n t , " w h i c h o r i g i n a t e d i n B o s t o n w i t h t h e R e v .D r . W o r c e s t e r , a n a b l e a n d d i s t i n g u i s h e d c l e r g y m a n o ft h e E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h , w h o h a d h a d a g o o d t r a i n i n g i np s y c h o l o g y u n d e r F e c h n e r a t L e i p z i g . C u r i o u s l y t h ei d e a a r o s e o u t o f t h e s u c c e s s w h i c h h a d a t t e n d e d t h eo r g a n i z a t i o n among t h e m e m b e r s o f h i s c h u r c h o f c l a s s e sf o r t h e home t r e a t m e n t o f t u b e r c u l o s i s b y my f r i e n d a n df o r m e r p u p i l , D r . J . H . P r a t t . I t w a s s u g g e s t e d t h at t h eC h u r c h m i g h t u n d e r t a k e t h e t r e a t m e n t o f n e r v o u s t r o u b l e sb y m e n t a l a n d s p i r i t u a l a g e n c i e s . T h e m e t h o d i s a sf o l l o w s ( I q u o t e f o r b r e v i t y f r o m P o w e l l ' s T h e Emmanuel

M o v e m e n t i n a N e w E n g l a n d T o w n , 1 9 0 9 ) :T h e Emmanuel movement i n B o s t o n makes u s e o f b o t h t h e

s o c i a l u p l i f t a n d t h e i n d i v i d u a l d i r e c t i o n . T h e r e i s a c l a s s f o rt h e p r e v e n t i o n o f f u n c t i o n a l a i l m e n t s a s w e l l a s a c l i n i c f o r t h e i rc u r e . A n y W e d n e s d a y e v e n i n g f r o m O c t o b e r u n t i l M a y y o u w i l lf i n d , i t y o n d r o p i n a t E m m a n u e l C h u r c h - o n e o f t h e m o s tb e a u t i f u l c h u r c h i n t e r i o r s i n t h e l a n d , w e l l f i l l e d w i t h w o r -s h i p p e r s , t o t h e a s t o n i s h m e n t o f t h o s e w ho t h i n k t h e m i d - w e e ks e r v i c e a s p e n t f o r c e i n o r g a n i z e d r e l i g i o u s l i f e . A r e s t f u l p r e -l u d e o n t h e o r g a n a l l u r e s t h e s o u l t o w o r s h i p . W i t h o u t t h e a i do f a n y c h o i r s e v e r a l f a m i l i a r hymns a r e s u n g b y e v e r y b o d y w h oc a n s i n g a n d many w ho c a n n o t . A B i b l e l e s s o n i s r e a d . T heA p o s t l e s ' C r e e d i s s a i d i n u n i s o n . R e q u e s t s f o r p r a y e r s i ns p e c i a l c a s e s a r e g a t h e r e d up i n t o o n e p r a y e r f u l e f f o r t madew i t h o u t t h e h e l p o f a n y b o o k . One W e d n e s d a y e v e n i n gD r . W o r c e s t e r g i v e s t h e a d d r e s s , a n o t h e r D r . McComb, s t i l la n o t h e r some e x p e r t i n n e u r o l o g y o r p s y c h o l o g y . T he t h e m ei s u s u a l l y o n e o f p r a c t i c a l s i g n i f a n c e , l i k e h u r r y , w o r r y , f e a r ,o r g r i e f , a n d t h e h ea l i ng C h ri s t i s made r e a l i n c o n s e q u e n c et o many a n u n h a p p y h e a r t . T h o u g h t h e m a s s e f f e c t o f t h es e r v i c e , w h i c h i s a l w a y s f o l l o w e d b y a p u r e l y s o c i a l h o u r i n t h e

a d j oi n i n g p a r i s h h o u l s e , i s p r o p h y l a c t i c , i t i s n o t a t a l l u n -common f o r i n s o m n i a , n e u r a l g i a , a n d k i n d r e d i l l s t o d i s a p p e a ri n t h e s e l f - f o r g e t f u l n e s s o f s u c h a n e v e n i n g .

B u t i t i s i n l t h e c l i n i c , c o n d u c t e d e v e r « a i b y o p e o r g t h e r o f

t h e t w o h e a d w o r k e r s a s s i s t e d by e l e v e n h e l p e r s , t h a t t h et r e a t m e n t i s d i r e c t a n d d e f i n i t e . E v e r y a p p l i c a n t must f i r s ts u b m i t t o d i a g n o s i s . I f o r g a n i c t r o u b l e i s d i s c l o s e d , h e i s n o ta c c e p t e d a s a p a t i e n t . I t f t h e d i s e a s e a p p e a r s t o b e s i m p l yf u n c t i o n a l , t h e a p p l i c a n t i s r e g i s t e r e d f o r t r e a t m e n t an d p a s s e don i n t o t h e R e c to r ' s s tu d y . T h e r e he f i n d s h i m s e l f i n a ne n v i r o n m e n t i n w h i c h t h e v e r y a p p o i n t m e n t s o f t h e ro o m c o n -d u c e t o t h e d i s c l o s u r e o f e v e r y f a c t , p h y s i c a l , m e n t a l , s o c i a l ,m o r a l , s p i r i t u a l , w h i c h b e a r s i n a n y wayupon t h e s i t u a t i o n .T o t h e f r a n k n e s s which t h e f a m i l y d o c t o r s p r e s e n c e c a n e v o k ei s a d d e d t h e c o n f i d e n c e w h i c h t h e c o n f e s s i o n a l i n s p i r e s . A l lt h e c o n d i t i o n s a r e f o r many a new p a t i e n t i m m e d i a t e l y s u p p l i e d

which u n l o c k t h e h i d d e n w h o l e s o m e n e s s o f h i s i n n e r l i f e an dl e a d b y r a p i d s t a g e s t o c o m p l e t e r e c o v e r yWhere more i s n e e d e d t h a n t h e f u l l s e l f - r e v e l a t i o n - i n i t s e l f

c u r a t i v e - a n d t h e p r a y e r a n d g o d l y c o u n s e l w h i c h s u c c e e d i t ,t h e p a t i e n t i s n e x t i n v i t e d t o b e s e a t e d i n a r e c l i n i n g c h a i r ,t a u g h t t o r e l a x a l l h i s m u s c l e s , c a l m e d b y s o o t h i n g w o r d s ,a n d i n a s t a t e o f p h y s i c a l r e l a x a t i o n a n d m e n t a l q u i e tt h e u n w h o l e s o m e t h o u g h t s an d t h e u n t o w a r d symptomsa r e d i s l o d g e d f r o m h i s c o n s c i o u s n e s s , an d i n t h e i r p l a c ea r e sown t h e s e e d s o f more h e a l t h - g i v i n g t h o u g h t s an db e t t e r h a b i t s . The s p i r i t u a l r e s u l t o f s u c h an e x p e r i e n c eo u t b u l k s a l l e l s e . A s w ee k a f t e r week p a t i e n t s come f o r t r e a t -m e n t , t h e y f r e q u e n t l y l o s e i n t e r e s t i n t h e a i l m e n t s w h i c h w e r eo n c e t h e i r t o r m e n t a n d c e a s e t o t h i n k a t a l l a b o u t t h e m ,p h ys i c a l h e a l t h b e c o m e s a c a s u a l b y - p r o d u c t o f t h e s p i r i t u a lu p l i f t , a n d t h e s o m e t i m e p a t i e n t , w e l l o n c e m o r e , o n e d a y g o e son h i s w a y , l i k e J a c o b a f t e r P e n i e l s i n g i n g t o t h e w or l d , " I h a v es e e n God f a c e t o f a c e , a n d my l i f e i s p r e s e r v e d . "Bu t t h e p a t i e n t h a s h i s s h a r e i n a p p l y i n g t h e t r e a t m e n t . T he

c u r e i s n e v e r p e r m a n e n t w i t h o u t h i s c o m p l e t e a n d c o n s t a n tc o - o p e r a t i o n .

As t h e R e v . Lyman P o w e l l s a y s , i n t h e e x c e l l e n t b o o kf r o m w h i c h I h a v e t a k e n t h i s e x t r a c t , "The o n l y m a g i cknown i n t h e Emmanuel movement i s t h e m a g i c o f a m i n ds u r c h a r g e d w i t h f a i t h , a n d o p e r a t i v e w i t h i n b o u n d s s e t b yt h e s c i e n t i f i c d o c t o r . " H e r e , a g a i n , t h e s u c c e s s w i l l d e p e n di n t h e i n d i v i d u a l c h a r a c t e r o f t h e man c o n d u c t i n g t h e m o v e -m e n t . The c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n , t h e a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h c h u r c hs e r v i c e s , a n d t h e c o n f i d e n c e i n s p i r e d b y t h e c o - o p e r a t i o n o fp a s t o r a n d d o c t o r h a v e b e e n f a v o u r i n g f e a t u r e s . O n l y i ne x i s t e n c e f o r a f e w y e a r s , i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o s a y w h a t t h ef u t u r e h a s i n s t o r e , b u t i t i s a n h o n e s t a t t e m p t t o b r i n gb a c k t h a t a n g e l i c a l c o n j u n c t i o n , a s C o t t o n M a t h e r c a l l s i t ,o f p h y s i c w i t h d i v i n i t y .

B r i e f l y s t a t e d , t h i s i s t h e s t a t u s o f t h e f a i t h p r o b l e m i nm e d i c i n e t o - d a y . O t h e r s w i l l a n a l y s e i t s w o r k i n g s , t h er e l a t i o n t o s u g g e s t i o n , t o t h e s u b co n s c i o u s s e l f , e t c . N o t ap y s o h o l o g i s t b u t a n o r d i n a r y c l i n i c a l p h y s i c i a n c o n c e r n e d i n

m a k i n g s t r o n g t h e w e a k i n m i n d a n d b o d y , t h e w h o l es u b j e c t i s o f i n t e n s e i n t e r e s t t o me . I f e e l t h a t o u r

a t t i t u d e a s a p r o f e s s i o n s h o u l d n o t b e h o s t i l e , a n d w em u s t s c a n g e n t l y o u r b r o t h e r man an d s i s t e r w o m a n w h omay b e c a r r i e d away i n t h e winds o f ne w d o c t r i n e . A

g r o u p o f a c t i v e , e a r n e s t , c a p a b l e y o u n g me n a r e a t w o r ko n t h e p r o b l e m , w h i c h i s o f t h e i r g e n e r a t i o n a n d f o r themt o s o l v e . The a n g e l o f B e t h e s d a i s a t t h e p o o l - i t b e h o v e sus t o jump i n I

C O N S IDER A T I O N S O N T H E OCCULT.*BY

T . CLAYE S H A W , M . D . , F . R . C . P . ,EMERITlUS LECTURER ON PSYCHOLOGICAL MED ICINE ,

S T . BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.

G E N T L E M E N , - I ami n t r o d u c i n g

t oy o u a s u b j e c t w h i c h i s

a t p r e s e n t f u l l o f m y s t e r y , b e c a u s e t h e t i m e i s p r o b a b l yn o t f a r d i s t a n t w he n w e s h a l l b e much e n l i g h t e n e d o n t h e

n a t u r e a n d a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e s e o c c u l t p r o c e s s e s , a n d a s

y o u w i l l p o s s i b l y b e i n a c t i v e p r a c t i c e d u r i n g t h e newe v e n t f u l y e a r s , I b e g p e r m i s s i o n t o p l a c e b e f o r e y o u s o m ei d e a s w h i c h s t r i k e me a s b e i n g r e l e v a n t t o t h e s u b j e c t , i n

t h e h o p e t h a t y o u r a t t e n t i o n may b e d r a w n t o i t w i t h t h ev i e w o f a s s i s t i n g , a s o p p o r t u n i t y o f f e r s , t h e e x p l o i t a t i o no f p h e n o m e n a t h e n a t u r e o f w h i c h i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t op r e d i c a t e a t t h e p r e s e n t .

T h e V i b r a t i o n T h e o r y .T h r o u g h t h e v i b r a t i o n s o f e t h e r w e b e c o m e c o n s c i o u s o f

w h a t i s g o i n g o n o u t s i d e u s , a t a n y r a t e i n t h e r e g i o n s o fs i g h t a n d h e a r i n g , a n d i t i s t o b e a s s u m e d t h a t i n somew ay o r o t h e r t h e s e v i b r a t i o n s o f e t h e r a r e t r a n s f o r m e di n t o a m o l e c u l a r c o n d u c t i o n a l o n g t h e n e r v e p a t h s t o t h e

c e n t r a l c e l l s t h e m s e l v e s , s o t h a t a c e l l w h i c h i s e n e r g i z i n gi s a c e l l i n m o t i o n i n a d e f i n i t e w a y , a n d a s l o n g a s t h i s

* A l e c t u r e d e l i v e r e d a t t h e L o n d o n P o l y c l i n i c .