broadband rf & satellite communication_june 11_ 2011_2

8/6/2019 Broadband RF & Satellite Communication_June 11_ 2011_2

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By

FAISALSAEEDLODHI


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networks, transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and dataterminal equipment (DTE) usually capable of interconnection andinteroperation to form an integrated whole. The components of acommunications system serve a common purpose, are technically compatible,use common procedures, respond to controls, and operate in unison


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Ra o requency RF is a rate o osci ation in t erange of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds

,Electromagnetic Waves which carry radio signals.


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Fre uenc BandDesi nations

Band Description

30300Hz 104 103 km ELF Extremely LowFrequency

3003000 Hz 103 102 km VF VoiceFrequency

3 30kHz 100 10km VLF Very LowFrequency

0.3 3MHz 1 0.1km MF MediumFrequency

3 30MHz 100 10m HF High Frequency

30 300MHz 10 1m VHF Very HighFrequency

300 3000MHz 100 10cm UHF UltraHighFrequency

30 300GHz 10 1mm EHF Extremely HighFrequency(millimeterwaves)


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, ,

into space. The antenna selection will determine how muchpropagation will occur.

. z s ex reme y mpor an o ensure a a pa ortunnel) between the two antennas is clear of any obstructions.

Should the propagating signal encounter any obstructions in, .

Trees buildin s h dro oles and towers arecommon examples of path obstructions.


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The antenna converts radio frequency electrical energy fed to it (via

space.The physical size of the radiating element is proportional to the

. , .

Assuming that the operating frequency in both cases is the same, the

antenna will perform identically in Transmit or Receive mode


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antenna used. Generally speaking, there are two types of antennae:

.

- this type of antenna has a narrow beamwidth; with the powerbeing more directional, greater distances are usually achieved butarea coverage is sacri ice

- Yagi, Panel, Sector and Parabolic antenna.

2. Omni-Directional

- this type of antenna has a wide beamwidth and radiates 3600;

with the power being more spread out, shorter distances areachieved but greater coverage attained

- Omni antenna


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Bettersuitedforshorterlinks

Lower

dBi gain;

usually

between

7

and

15

dBi


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ParabolicParabolic

Gainsof18to28dBi


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SectorSector

Directionalinnature

yp ca ga nsvary rom10 o19


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OmniOmni

Usedforwidecovera e

Typicalgainsof3to10dBi


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AnantennaspolarizationisrelativetotheEfieldofantenna.

,HorizontallyPolarized.

IftheEfieldisvertical,thantheantennaisVerticallyPolarized.

Nomatterwhatpolarityyouchoose,allantennasinthesameRFnetworkmustbepolarizedidentically

.


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Increaseisolationfromunwantedsignalsources(CrossPolarizationDiscrimination(xpol)typically25dB)

e uce n er erence

Helpdefineaspecificcoveragearea


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LineofSightLineofSightAttaining good Line of Sight (LOS) between the sending and receivingantenna is essential in both Point to Point and Point to Multipoint

installations.

Generall there are two t es of LOS that are used discussed durininstallations:

1. Optical LOS - is related to the ability to see one site from theother

. a o re a e o e a y o e rece ver o see etransmitted signal


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To quantify Radio Line of Sight, the Fresnel Zone theory is applied.Think of the Fresnel Zone as a football sha ed tunnel between the two

sites which provides a path for the RF signals.

Acceptable Radio Line of Sight means that at least 60% of the first

Fresnel Zone plus 3 meters is clear of any obstructions.


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FresnelZonesFresnel

Zones

2nd*2nd* 1st*1st*3rd*3rd*

*FresnelZones*FresnelZones


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FresnelZonesFresnel

Zones Radiusofn th

FresnelZonegivenby:

SiteA 2121

dd

ddn

rn+

=

d1

SiteB FresnelZonediameterdependsuponWavelength,andDistancesfromthesitesalongaxis d2 ForminimumDiffractionLoss,clearanceofatleast0.6F1+3misrequired


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PathProfilePathProfile

PathProfilecharacteristicsmaychangePathProfilecharacteristicsmaychangePathProfilecharacteristicsmaychange, ,, ,

construction,etc.construction,etc. , ,

construction,etc.


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Ho eallthethin sareclearedu tillnow.

WediscussedthatLineofsightshouldbeclear.FresnelZoneshouldbeclear.

AlltheproceduresorstepswhichareusedinLine

ofSightsurveyareprovidedinthefollowingslides.


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SiteSurveyisaveryimportantparameterforLinkcommissioning,beforeanylinkcommissioning(Radio&SCPC)wehaveconductsurveyforLOS

which

are

as

follows:CheckWhetherLOSclearornot.

Checkplacefordishinstallationortowerinstallation.

Notedownhowmuchcableisrequired.

.

CheckwhetherBASEisrequiredincaseofSCPClinks.

CheckthePowerconditions.

.

CalculatethedistanceBetweentwopointsforradiolink,mustnotexceed40km.


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LOS Clear

.

Check the co-ordinates

Check Power Conditions, UPS Status and Flat

Power Sockets.


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ULTIMASR

ERAPCPELCPE

VIP

AFAR

NETCROSSINGGATEWAY

ORTHOGON

CONNECTORIZED


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SR

Short

RangePointtoPoint(NetworkTopology)

AntennaGain 23dBi

RDap ep oyment

PointtoPoint(NetworkTopology)

OutputPower 10dBmto+21dBm

Antenna

Gain

23

Bi


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ER

PointtoPoint(NetworkTopology)OutputPower 10dBmto+21dBm

AntennaGain Externa NTypeFema eConnector

Rangeupto75Km(45miles)dependingonAntennagain

LCPELongrangeCustomerPremisesUnit

PointtoMultiPoint(NetworkTopology)

u pu ower 10 m o+21 m

AntennaGain External(NTpeFemaleConnector)



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CPEustomer rem ses n t

PointtoMultiPoint(RemoteUnit)OutputPower 10dBmto+21dBm


AP

PointtoMultiPoint(BaseUnit)OutputPower 10dBmto+21dBm

Antenna ain External NT eFemale onnector

1000CPEsperAPRangeupto38Km(24miles)dependingonAntennagain


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OperatingFrequency 5.725to5.850GHz

Coverage LOS

Throughput(Raw/Eff.) 12/10Mbps

ReceiveSensitivity 80dBm

ChannelSize 33MHz

DuplexingFormat TDD

NetworkFeaturesincludes:VLAN(802.1q),CIR,IP&MACAddressFiltering

Management:

SNMP,Telnet,WebGUI(Local&Remote)

RS

232

(Local)OperatingTemp. 40to60degreeC

Enclosure WeatherProof


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EIONsVIP1102 uses atentedVINEtechnologyasanetworkingsolutionthatovercomesnonlineofsightproblems

.implementationlowerstheinitialcostof

deploying

a

network,

using

Anypoint

to

.


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Technolo DSSS

Coverage StructuredNLOS(VINE)

Range 66km(41mile)

ReceiveSensitivity 82dBm at11Mbps

85dBm at5.5Mbps

90dBm at1Mbp

ChannelSize 18MHz

Duplexing Format TDD

NetworkFeaturesincludes:

VLAN 802.1 CIR erleafbasis &MACAddressfilterin

NetworkTopology VINE


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ManagementTelnet,Econ(Utility)&WebGUI(Local&Remote)

OperatingTemperature 40to50degreeC



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ChannelWidth 4.6MHz

OutputPower 0to23dBmModulationType DSSS

Coverage LOS

RFDataRates 0.25,0.5,1.37,2.75Mbps

ReceiveSensitivity 97dBm at0.25Mbps94dBm at0.50Mbps

93dBm at1.37Mbps

90dBm at2.75Mbps

Management RS232,Econ&TelnetOperatingTemperature 40to70degreeC



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CarriessynchronousdatastreamoverEthernetNetwork

SupportedSpeedupto2048Kbps

MultipleElectricalInterfacesincludesRS232,RS449,RS530,V.35,X.21)

ManagementthroughSNMP,Telnet&Econ

OperatingTemperatureisfrom0to55degreeC


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OperatingFrequency 5.725to5.850 GHz

utput ower 10 mto24 25 m

Channel

Size

12

MHzChannelSelection DFSorManual

Coverage NLOS

Antenna 23dBi (Integrated)

ReceiverSensitivity Varyfrom 96to 72dBm

Modulation B/wBPSK&64QAM

AntennaType/Gain Flatplate(28dBi)

Dish(37.7dBi)

Range 124miles(200Km)

DataRates 3.0to33.6M ps

Management WebGUIandSNMP

OperatingTemperature 40to60degreeC



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TDMA

SpreadSpectrumTechniques

2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)


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ere are wo sprea spec rum ec n ques.

1. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)


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Also known as Direct Sequence Code DivisionMultiple Access (DS-CDMA), DSSS is one of twoapproaches to spread spectrum modulation for

.

The stream of information to be transmitted is

,to a frequency channel across the spectrum.

When transmitted, the data is combined with a

higher data-rate bit sequence (also known as achipping code) that divides the data according to a

.


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The transmitter and the receiver must be

synchronized with the same spreading code.The chipping code helps the signal resistinterference and also enables the original data to

be recovered if data bits are damaged duringransm ss on.

22 MHz wide


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Also known as Frequency Hopping Code Division Multipleccess - , ra os transm t ops etween ava a e

frequencies according to a specified algorithm which can be eitherrandom or preplanned.

e transm tter operates n sync ron zat on w t a rece ver,which remains tuned to the same center frequency as the transmitter.

f1f1

f2f2

f3f3

f4f4

f5f5

Each

HopsetHopsetHopsetHopset

TIMETIME

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 1111 1212 channel1MHzwide


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GSM

Time

slot

0.577

msFrame4.6ms

8timeslotsperframe

Frequencyband20KHz


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OrthogonalWalshcodes64codes(channels)

Onepilotchannel

Sevenpagingchannels

55 ra cc anne s

Eachcarrier1.25MHz


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AmericanMobilePhoneSystem(AMPS)TotalBandwidth25MHz

EachChannel30KHz


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Satellite is a microwave repeater in the space.

There are about 750 satellites in the space;most of them are used for communication.

They are:

Wide area coverage of the earths surface.Transmission delay is about 0.3 sec.

Transmission cost is independent of

distance.


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A communications satellite is a radio relay station inorbit above the earth that receives, amplifies, and redirectsana og an g a s gna s carr e on a spec c ra ofrequency.

In addition to communications satellites, there areot er types o sate tes:

Weather satellites: These satellites providemeteorolo ists with scientific data to redict weatherconditions and are equipped with advanced instruments

Earth observation satellites: These satellites allow'

ecosystem Navigation satellites: Using GPS technology these

'Earth to within a few meters.


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Stationary, Fixed orbit Compare with Low (LEO) & Medium (MEO)


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Uplink (carrier or channel) FrequencyTransmission path fromearth station tosatellite

Downlink (carrier or channel) Frequency

Downstream, Outroute or Outbound

Signal (carrier) frequency fromHub toRemotes

Downstream Uplink (Hub toSatellite)

Downstream Downlink (Satellite toRemotes)

Upstream, Inroute or Inbound

Upstream Uplink (Remotes toSatellite)

Upstream Downlink (Satellite toHub)


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C-Band Frequency RangeTypical Uplink Frequency 5925 MHz to 6425 MHz

Extended Uplink Frequency Ranges 5850 MHz to 6425 MHzTypical Downlink Frequency 3700 MHz to 4200 MHz

Extended Downlink Frequency Ranges also supported Ku-Band Frequency Range

Typical Uplink Frequency 14000 MHz to 14500 MHzExtended Uplink Frequency Ranges 13750 MHz to 14750 MHzTypical Downlink Frequency 11700 MHz to 12200 MHz

x en e own n requency anges z oMHzL-Band Frequency Range

Intermediate Fre uencies IF used for both receiveandtransmitdirection

Rangebetween 950 MHz and 2150 MHz (typical 950 1700 MHz)Translates easilyinto operational RF frequencies discussed aboveKa, X-Band Frequencies

Supported via L-Band IF Interface


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Modulation is the addition of information (or the

s gna to an e ectron c or opt ca s gna


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ReceivesReceives compositecomposite spectrumspectrum acrossacross entireentire uplinkuplink TransmitsTransmits downlinkdownlink toto receivingreceiving earthearth stationstation

Amplifier The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) amplifies the received signalThe Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) amplifies the received signal

The High Power Amplifier (HPA) increases the power level of theThe High Power Amplifier (HPA) increases the power level of the

Transponders ReceivesReceives transmissiontransmission fromfrom earthearth viavia uplink,uplink, amplifies,amplifies, convertsconverts

stationsstations IncludesIncludes receivingreceiving antenna,antenna, broadbandbroadband receiverreceiver andand frequencyfrequencyconverter,converter, withwith mixermixer forfor frequencyfrequency translationtranslation


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Intermediate step between the receive and transmitcom onents

Utilizes a known stabilized frequency source (LocalOscillator, or L/O)

rans ates rece ve p n requency nto transm tteDownlink frequency


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Single Channel per Carrier SCPCiDirect HubDownstream (Star Group Broadcast) Carrier

Term SCPC comes from older analog transmission technology,when a single satellite carrier could carry only one data channel

Used for economical distribution of broadcast data, digital audio& video, as well as for full-duplex or two-way data, audio/videocommunications

,Carrier

Time Division Multi le Access TDMA

iDirect Remote Site Upstream (Star/Mesh Bursting) CarrierTDMAis a mechanism for sharing a satellite Uplink channel

the frequency the remote site will use for each burst


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iDirect Technologies, a subsidiary of Vision TechnologiesSystems, designs, develops, and markets satellite-basedroa an access so u ons.

The com an has develo ed technolo solutions thatcombine high performance, worldwide availability, andease of installation, high reliability, and low cost to endcustomers.


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iDirect TechnologiesisaLeadingHighTechnology

EnablerOfFast,EasyAndEfficientBroadbandIPAnywhere

DevelopersOftheOnlySatelliteTechnologyBuiltFrom

Ethernet

Ex ertsInRealtimeAndNonRealtimeEnter rise

Applications

In

A

Shared

IP

EnvironmentCompanyCultureFocusedOnCustomerResponsiveness,

orpora e n egr y n ec n ca nnova on


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EnterpriseClassIPApplicationSupportApplicationQoS,SystemQoS

HighestReturnRate(Upto4.2Mbps)

IntegratedSecurity(3DES/AES)

RealtimeTrafficManagement(VoIP,Video)

AccessMultipleSatellitesfromSingleHub

RealPrivateNetworks

MostEfficientUseofTransponderCapacity

Save3050%SpaceSegment

TurboProductCodesandAdaptiveInbounds

iDirect DeterministicTDMA

LowestTotalCostofOwnership

Reductioninspacecapacitycost(IPbit/Hertz)

LowCapitalEntryCost


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Acommonconnection ointfordevices inanetwork.Hubsarecommonlyusedtoconnectsegments ofaLAN.Ahub containsmultipleports.

W enapac et arrivesatoneport,itiscopie totheotherportssothatallsegmentsoftheLANcan


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PrivateHubPrivateHubHubChassisHubChassis MiniHubMiniHub


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Compact,20Slot,10U,19RackMountable

Scalable GrowAsYouNeed

Flexible

MultipleMulti inroute NetworksWithintheSameChassisMulti leRFOut uts U to Different SatellitesFromOneChassis

M:NUniversalLineCardRedundancy

N:1PowerandFanRedundanc

Model1IFHubModel1IFHub Model5IFHubModel5IFHub

13

45

2

2


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1 1 2

Transponder 1

2 1

Transponder n

1 1 2

Transponder 1

2 1

Transponder n

1 1 2

Transponder 1

2 1

Transponder n

1 1 2

Transponder 1

2 1

Transponder n

1 11 1 2

C-BandKu-Band

Ka-Band Extn. C-Band

5IF Hub5IF Hub

OneHubChassisprovidesaccesstoOneHubChassisprovidesaccessto*AnyTransponderonsatellite*AnyTransponderonsatellite*Upto5differentsatellites*Upto5differentsatellites

Su ortsC Ku KaBandsSu ortsC Ku KaBandsSimultaneouslSimultaneousl

OneHubChassisprovidesaccesstoOneHubChassisprovidesaccessto*AnyTransponderonsatellite*AnyTransponderonsatellite*Upto5differentsatellites*Upto5differentsatellitesuppor s , u, a an suppor s , u, a an s mu aneous ymu aneous y


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IdealForCorporationsthatNeedPrivateNetwork

ProvidesOneInbound/OutboundNetworkCapability

NativeIPReplacementofFrameRelayNetworks

CompletelyRedundant

VoIP

Remote SiteRemote Site

LAN Switch

iDirect

PrivateHub

Satellite Router

VoIP

Remote SiteRemote SiteNMSServer

Protocol

Processor

WAN

LAN Switch


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SimpleDeploymentSimpleDeployment Integrated,singleboxsolution

Stan ar IP/Et ernetConnectiontoLAN

NopowerneededatVSATAntenna

CentrallyManaged


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FieldProvenTechnology

150+HubsSoldto50Operators

ThousandsofVSATsinOperation

VeryReputableOrganisationsUseiDirectLowestTotalCostofOwnershi intheIndustr

CapitalCost+OperationsCost+SupportCost

TechnologyallowsmanydifferentTypesofServices

VirtualPrivateNetworks(VPNs)

RealPrivateNetworks

BuiltinSecurity

DifferentLevelsofService

BuiltinIPApplicationsSupport


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ca a tyMultiple Bands or Satellites from same hubNot limited to 15 inroutes. Scale as you need

Bandwidth EfficiencyLowest Satellite Space Segment for similar IP ThroughputsSmallest Carrier SpacingAutomatic Uplink Power, Timing, Frequency Offset ControlMF-TDMA with D-TDMA Access Algorithm

FlexibilityOne Carrier can support Multiple Types of Service (CIRs etc.)Different To olo ies from same Hub

ReliabilityTechnology used in Medical, Military, Emergency Deployments


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oo pr n s

Ground Configuration Power Issues

Dish Alignment (EIRP) Carrier Issues

Locking Tr / Rx issues

n u ge na ys s

Band Scripting

HR Deployment


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broadband rf & satellite communication_june 11_ 2011_2

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