broiler management ken

8/8/2019 Broiler Management Ken

1/23

11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USAVinelandVineland

LaboratoriesLaboratories

MANAGING YIELD BROILERS


2/23



Body Weight (g) of Male Broilers

Age 1989 1996 % Change

42 1970 (4.3 lbs.) 2380 (5.2 lbs.) 21%

49 2430 (5.3 lbs.) 2900 (6.4 lbs.) 20%

56 2869 (6.3 lbs) 3430 (7.5 lbs.) 20%

Leeson and Summers, 1997


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Change in Body Weight of Male Broilers

AGE (Days) 1993 versus 1989 1996 versus 1993

7 +29 -18

14 +29 -15

21 +31 -13

28 +25 0

35 +17 +4

42 +14 +6

49 +14 +5

56 +14 +5

Leeson and Summers, 1997


4/23

11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA VinelandVineland


Question

Todays modern yield type broiler

is more or lessforgiving o

f

management inconsistencies than

yesterdays broiler?


5/23



Answer

YES! Todays modern yield type

broiler is less forgiving of

manage

ment inconsistencies than

yesterdays broiler?


6/23



.. make sure that for Roasters

a high protein starter feed is fed and that the calories in the grower

and finisher feeds are not too high.

the ca-p ratio is proper and that no 3-nitro is fed at all.

limit the fat in the starter also.

square footage per bird is important. o not over crowd. Give 7.5

lb birds a square foot of floor space.

USA Intergrator Veterinarian comments


7/23

11-Nov-10 Lohmann Animal Health International, Gainesville, Georgia USA

VinelandVineland


Temperature

On days 0-14 chickens are Poikilothermic

Cant regulate body temperature

From days 15 to end are Homeothermic Maintain Body Temp within a narrow range

Thermal Neutral Zone = 65-75oF(18-24oC)

Hi yield broilers

tend to be smaller chicks .thereforebrooding conditions critical


8/23


VinelandVineland


Body Temp of Chicks After Brief Cold Exposure

smaller Hi Yield chicks may be more affected

Cold Stress Treatment

(2.5 hrs @ 65oF (18

oC)

Time AfterStress

24 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs 96 hrs

Young

Breeders

95.4 (35.2) 96.1 (35.6) 98.6 (37) 99.1 (37.3)

Old

Breeders

97.7 (36.5) 100.9 (36.3) 99.9 (37.2) 101.8 (38.8)

Weytjens et al., 1999


9/23


VinelandVineland


..in order to optimize yield potential,

all strains that I've tested should be marketed 7-8 weeks age.

if you maximize nutrition, environment, etc to enable the "best"

performance, then extensive sudden death-ascites mortality

invariably occurs (this is not true in a hot production scene-only temparatesituations).

mortality can be substancially relieved by imposing growth

restriction by one means or another early in development;

however, this restriction is concurrent to high breast meat developmentand this loss cannot be readily recovered in the remaining time before

market.

this loss is only apparent if you are deboning for breast meat, otherwise

its not a factor.

USA University Nutritionist Comments


10/23


VinelandVineland


is caused by reduced oxygen availability (ex. poorer lung/bloodcapacity, ventilation) or increased oxygen demand (ex. fast growth, coldtemperatures),

in response to above the heart works harder and enlarges to tryto supply more oxygen,

in some birds right heart fails & sudden death occurs. Bloodbecomes more viscous (PCV increases) and backs up throughoutbody,in chronic right heart failure, liver enlarges and fluid seepsinto the abdomen..."water belly".

yield type broilers are more susceptible to ascites. This isprobably because the increase breast muscle mass reduces lungcapacity and/or increases oxygen demand.

Ascites is more important in Hi-Yield broilers

.why does it happens?


11/23


VinelandVineland


1) Avoid cool temperatures and fast early growth. They

are the most common cause of ascites because they increase

oxygen demand. This is much more important than oxygen

availability (ventilation) and can be influenced the quickest and

to the greatest degree by the grower.2) Avoid poor ventilation or other conditions reducing

amount of oxygen available (ex. excessive gas brooder use,

vaccination reaction, ammonia). In reality it is very difficult to

reduce oxygen levels in a chicken house by ventilation alone.

3) Avoid high salt diets and high altitude. These can

directly cause ascites but are unique situations not often

encountered.

How to prevent Ascites?


12/23


VinelandVineland


Performance of Chicks Brooded at VariousTemperatures

Broo i g Tem erat re

(o )

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

Bo y

Weig t

3

eeks

l s.(g)

ee

o versio

3 eeks

iva ility scites

Mortality

95 (35) 90 (32) 85 (29.5) 1.77(804) 1.35 97.69 .83

90 (32) 85 (29.5) 80 (26.6) 1.75

(795)

1.37 96.88 .83

85 (29.5) 80 (26.6) 75 (23.8) 1.74

(790)

1.39 98.33 .62

80 (26.6) 75 (23.8) 70 (21) 1.66

(754)

1.42 95.21 2.5

eaton et al., 1996

Hi yield broilers have more muscle massHi yield broilers have more muscle mass

therefore more susceptible to Ascitestherefore more susceptible to Ascites


13/23


VinelandVineland


Keep buildings warm...don't sacrifice temperature for ventilation.

Don't grow birds excessively fast...particularly during the 1st 3

weeks of life by;

a. using low density starter(ex 1275 Kcal/lb,20% protein),

b. avoiding pelleting and fats in early feeds,

c. restricting lights (ex natural light between 3-21 days).

Ascites Rules of Thumbs


14/23


VinelandVineland


...It is my impression that the higher-yielding breedsneed a bit more protein and a bit less energy.

Even among the high yield breeds, there are some fairlysignificant differences among the individual breeds.

ex; Cobb is without doubt the most tolerant of dietary abuse,

in my opinion, the Hubbard probably has the highest protein req.

Ross and FSY are probably in between, and the Ross 508 is differentfrom the Ross 308.

You really need to talk to a nutritionist who knows what he isdoing.

I also think that holding them back a bit at first (usually withlighting programs) is beneficial from the standpoint of livabilityand skeletal and cardiovascular health.

It probably adversely impacts yield however.

USA Intergrator Veterinarian Comments


15/23


VinelandVineland


Lighting Programs

Wide variety of programs that are published andused

Effective program depends on type of housing, type

of bird, season, and final weight Program must be simple to assure proper application


16/23


VinelandVineland


Sample Lighting Program (3)

a Light ar Inten it

0-3 24 0 20

4-14 Nat ral

15-21 20

22-50 20 4 20

50+24 0 20


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VinelandVineland


Sample Lighting Program ( )

a Light (hr ) ar (hr ) Inten it (lu )

0 23 1 20

-2 20 4 20

-4 18 6 20

5- 4 6 18 5

5-2 10 14 5

22-28 14 10 5

29- 5 18 6 5

Adapted from Claussen and Goldkist, Inc.


18/23


VinelandVineland


Comparative Broiler Performance

Performa ce o ti o s

Program

ig t/Dark

Program

m er ol 3,787,609 3,772,976

Liva ility 95.93 96.38

vg. Weig t

l s.

5.03 5.09

/ 2.0 1.98

o ems 1.05 0.87

avis et al., 1997


19/23


VinelandVineland


..In order to optimize yield potential, all strains that I've

tested with should be

Employing the averageAgri Stat nutrient values is

appropriate in providing for good performance.

Strain-crosses available can differ markedly in their

progression and nature of development.

The one "best for the job" depends on age to market,

environment, and product objectives, i.e. this differs for each

company, place, and time.

No one strain-cross remains the same as dramitic changes can

occur within two years.

USA University Nutritionist Comments (continued)


20/23


VinelandVineland


...It is my belief that

"better" feed will pay dividends based on processability,

and yield, not to mention other general pains in the ass

such as leg problems, IP, etc.

I think we still have a lot to learn (about Hi Yield broilers)

some of the "new" yielding yeilding breeds seem to be

showing a little more hardiness, but for the most part they

are less forgiving.

USA Intergrator Veterinarian Comments


21/23


VinelandVineland


..Basically the high-yielding birds

are about the same in yield characteristics.Therefore the

differences are in live performances.

how to feed them depends on what you want;least cost vs maximum yield

generally if one wants to have better performances at a higher

cost (but better bottom line at the end = yield) one should push

them hard with a higher nutrient levels.

USA Intergrator Nutritionist Comments


22/23


VinelandVineland


Final Thoughts

Hi-Yield broilers

are less forgiving

may require higher plane of nutrition ~ optimum yield

tend to be smaller chicks.brooding is more important

tend to be proned to ascites

avoid cool temps early

slow early growth .. feed/lighting programs

strains are not all alike.may need to manage eachstrain differently!


23/23


VinelandVineland


Thank youThank you

broiler management ken

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