brookhaven science associates office of science u.s. department of energy bnl: status and future...

Brookhaven Science Associates

Office of Science

U.S. Department of Energy

BNL: Status and Future Plans in Nuclear & Particle Physics

Sam Aronson, BNL

High Energy & Nuclear Physics

September 28, 2005

ICFA Seminar, Daegu, Korea 2005 S. Aronson

2

The present

BNL’s current activities in nuclear and particle physics• RHIC/AGS

• Heavy ion & spin physics, NASA space radiation

• LEGS @ NSLS

• ATLAS @ CERN

• MINOS

• D-Zero

• Accelerator R&D – ATF and Muon Collaboration

• Nuclear & High Energy Theory• RIKEN Center, Lattice gauge computing, QCDOC

@ Fermilab


3

RHIC performance

• Science: landmark discoveries, major impact

• Operations: 5 years of exceeding expectations

• New state of matter• Opaque to strongly

interacting particles• Transparent to photons

and leptons• A nearly perfect liquid of

quarks and gluons (i.e., a strongly-coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma)

• Appears so have its origin in a universal hadronic state called the Color Glass Condensate


4

The future

BNL’s future NPP program builds on current program + BNL core strengths [accelerator physics, s.c. magnet R&D, instrumentation, NPP research]

• RHIC II & eRHIC NP

• ATLAS Research HEP

• Including heavy ions NP

• Int’l Linear Collider HEP

• Neutrino oscillations NP & HEP

• LSST HEP


5

Current events

RSVP was terminated last month• Near- and mid-term future of accelerator- based HEP

(BNL and US) does not look bright

• Performing these compelling Beyond-the-Standard-Model measurements (and others) does not look likely

• BNL’s significant effort on RSVP now being redirected to other priority research efforts

RHIC no longer in immediate jeopardy• Budget-driven review of NP facilities: RHIC did well

• Funds for FY’06 restored by Congress [pre-Katrina]


6

The future of NP at BNL:RHIC “QCD Lab” Discoveries at RHIC Compelling QCD questions:

• The nature of confinement

• The structure of quark-gluon matter above TC

• The low-x and spin structure of hadronic matter Compelling questions Facility evolution

• 10-fold increase in luminosity (to 40 x design)• e-cooling @ full energy

• New detector capabilities

• 50-fold increase in computing power applied to finite T lattice QCD:

• e-A and polarized e-p collisions, new detector:

RHIC IIRHIC II

eRHICeRHIC

QCDOCQCDOC


7

RHIC – achieved parameters

Mode No ofbunches

Ions/bunch

[9]

*[m]

Emittance

[m] Lpeak

[cm-2s-1]

Lstore avg.

[cm-2s-1]

Lweek

Au-Au [Run-4] 45 1.1 1 15-40 151026 51026 160 b-1

Cu-Cu [Run-5] 37 4.5 0.9 15-30 2x1028 0.8x1028 2.4 nb-1

d-Au [Run-3] 55 110/0.7 2 15 71028 21028 4.5 nb-1

p-p [Run-5] * 106 90 1 30-35 101030 71030 1.9 pb- 1

Au-Au design 56 1 2 15-40 91026 21026 50 b-1

p-p design 112 200 1 20 801030 651030 20 pb-1

[best store or week]

* Blue ring avg. pol. 49%, Yellow ring avg. pol. 44%

RHIC accelerated polarized protons to Ebeam = 210 GeV @ 30% pol. This year

L store avg. goals (prior to e-cooling): Au-Au = 81026, p-p = 651030, @ 70% pol.


8

RHIC II Luminosities with e-Cooling

Linacrf Gun

Buncher Cavity

Cooling Solenoid (~ 30 m, ~ 1 T)

Debuncher Cavity

e-Beam Dump

Gold beam

Gold collisions (100 GeV/n x 100 GeV/n): w/o e-cooling with e-coolingEmittance (95%) m 15 40 15 3Beta function at IR [m] 1.0 1.0 0.5Number of bunches 112 112Bunch population [109] 1 1 0.3Beam-beam parameter per IR 0.0016 0.004Peak luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 32 90Average luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 8 70

demonstrated by JLab for IR FEL (50 MeV, 5 mA)

See talk by S. Ozaki tomorrow


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eRHIC at BNLThe compelling questions for eRHIC:

• What is the nature of confinement and of hadronization in nuclei (compared to nucleons)?

• What is the structure of the saturated gluon state at low x in hadrons?

• What is the role of spin in DIS in nucleons and nuclei?

Need a precision tool to probe these fundamental and universal aspects of QCD: eRHIC1. Collide High energy & intensity polarized e (or e+) with A, p2. A new detector for e-p & e-A physics

Ee = 10 GeV (~5-10 GeV) TO BE BUILT

Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV)EXISTSEA = 100 GeV/A (~ 10-100 GeV/A) EXISTS


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eRHIC design concepts

simpler IR design multiple IRs possible

Ee ~ 20 GeV possible

higher luminosity possible

more expensive

Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design

Standard ring-ring design Alternative linac-ring design

EBIS: electron beam ion source

starts construction in FY2006

replaces Tandems

operational advantages


11

RHIC priorities and challenges

e-cooling – enabling technology for the RHIC luminosity upgrade and for eRHIC• R&D getting funding from a variety of sources

• New opportunities to make it cheaper and simpler

Some major hurdles for QCD Lab• Convince the NP community of the science case

• NSAC Long Range Plan

• Establish priority relative to other future NP facilities

• Construction & operation must be affordable


12

The future of HEP @ BNL1. ATLAS

Construction • ATLAS Detector & basic software is on

track for completion to meet the CERN schedule – CD-4A 9/30/05

ATLAS Research Program & Physics Analysis Support Center• U.S. scientists must have the capability

to perform physics analysis of ATLAS data competitively

Exciting physics could emerge in the 1st year of operation SUSY search with dileptons


13

ATLAS Research Program & Physics Analysis Support Center

Research program managed from BNL Physics analysis support distributed

between BNL, ANL, LBL• Anchored at BNL (US-ATLAS Tier I

computing facility)


14

2. International Linear Collider Ongoing effort on accelerator

R&D in the Superconducting Magnet Division• Direct wind technology final

focus system

• Supported in part by BNL director’s funds

• Planning on increased support from ILC R&D

Detector R&D• Traditional strengths (calorimetry, FEE, etc.)

• Effort from generic detector R&D + RSVP ILC

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0 2 4 6 8 10


15

3. Neutrinos

Reactor 13 experiment under consideration BNL chemistry group already working on Gd-LS Physics group would be added

• Currently working in MINOS, planning for long term

• Effort from RSVP groups


16

4. Very Long BaselineNeutrino Oscillations

~ 1 MW proton driver super beam

400 kTon detector in DUSEL• Significant progress in

detector performance simulations

Beam & detector R&D proposals in preparation• Discussions with Fermilab


17

5. LSST Dark Energy & Dark Matter

• “The committee supports the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) project, which has significant promise for shedding light on dark energy.”*

BNL will explore the nature of Dark Energy via weak gravitational lensing• Wide, deep, frequent, multi-band

imaging of the entire visible sky 3D map of the visible sky to redshift z 1

• BNL is building a group to do this science

*“Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos”


18

LSST Project Ground-based telescope

• 8.4m diameter f/1, 8.6 field of view DOE institutions propose to deliver

the Camera• BNL, Harvard, Illinois, LLNL, SLAC,

UCSC, others BNL would deliver the Focal Plane

Array Sensors• 3 Gigapixel CCD or CMOS array

• BNL expertise in large Si detectors & low-noise electronics

First light 2012-2013


19

Recap: BNL plan for Nuclear and Particle Physics RHIC complex: the QCD Laboratory

• Probes: p-p, p-A, A-A, e-p and e-A

• LGC with QCDOC and successors ATLAS

• US analysis support effort centered at BNL Accelerator R&D

• ILC superconducting magnet R&D and detector R&D

• ATF and Muon collaboration (no time to discuss here) Neutrinos

• Reactor-based measurement of 13

• VLB oscillations CP violation [& proton decay] LSST – The nature of Dark Energy


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Summary

The science is compelling, plays to BNL’s technical strengths and aligns well with national priorities

Hurdles on all time scales• Budgets and priorities

• National panels, advisory groups, task forces

• RHIC, ATLAS are key – rest of the vision will come into focus over the next year

brookhaven science associates office of science u.s. department of energy bnl: status and future...

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