Brugia malayi(malayan filarial worm)

Geografical distrubtion

Far East• Malaysia• Indonesia• India• China

Lymphatic tissue of upper limps and mammary gland

Mansoni ,Anopheles and Aedes

Mokey and cats

Habitat

IH

RH

Morphology

Adult is similar to W. bancrofti but smaller

Microfilaria

Similar to that of W.bancrofti but differs in

Nocturnal periodicity 2a.m-10a.m

Size ;200x8micro M Tail end; with nuclei

Loa Loa( Eye worm)

G. distribution

Habitat

DH

IH

RH

West Africa especially Cameron

Loose subcutaneous tissue

Man

Chrysops fly

Monkeys and Rodents

Life cycle of LoaLoa

Morphology

A dultSimilar to W.bancrofti but smaller (3-6 cm) Simple head with no lipsThe cuticle is covered with small posses except at head and tail

•Size;250x8 micro M•Tight sheath•Angular curves•Tail full of nuclei•Appears in blood in day time

Microfilaria

• Loiasis and calaber swelling• Adult worm migrates through conjunctiva ,cornea & subcutaneous connective tissue proving allergic reaction then irritation,itching&creeping sensation

• Invation CNS encephalitis• Arthritis

Pathogenesis

Localized calaber swelling

• Due to allergic reaction to the worm metabolites

• Rapid swelling appear for 2-3 days then disappear

• About 2-3 cm in size • Localized,hard,non

pitting ,painful swelling observed on the wrists and ankles

Diagnosis

Clinical Laboratary

Clinical• Observation of adult

worm,under conjunctiva or over the nose bridge

• History of calaber swelling

Laboratory

• Demonstration of microfilaria in blood at day time

• Serological tests• Esinophilia

Treatment•Antihistaminc,antibiotics &corticosteroid•Diethyl –carbamazin citrate•Ivermectin•Surgical removal of adult worms from the conjunctiva

Prevention and control

•Mass treatment of patient•Control of Chryysops•Health education

Onchocerus volvulus

Geographical distribution• Tropical Africa• Sudan• Saudi Arabia• Yemen• Central Africa

Habitat•Subcutaneous tissue over bony brominances•Microfilaria doesnot reach the circulation.they are present in the dermis,subcutaneous nodules,all chamber of the eye and they are non periodic

DH

IH

Man

Black flies

Morphology

microfilariafemalemale

Life cycle

Disease;River blindness

Eye lesionsCutaneous lesions

Cutaneous lesions

•Onchocerca nodules or tumor•The skin over the nodules show sever dermatitis and intense itching•The lymph node in femoral triangle is enlarged

Eye lesions•Due to immunologic response to microfiraria•River blindness•Keratitis•Iridocyclitis•Blindness•Degeerative changes and optic neuritis

Diagnosis

clinical laboratory

direct indirect

Treatment•Excision of the nodule•Hartrazan•Ivermectin

Prevention and control

•Mass nodulectomy in endemic areas•Elimination of the vectors by application of insecticides in the running water•Mass treatment with Ivermectin