bsspar115 chapter 01 radio resource administration mo
TRANSCRIPT
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Radio Resource Administration
CHAPTER 1
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Module Objectives
Describe the purpose of the Base Station Identity Code and the Training SequenceCode
Explain the use of FDMA and frequency reuse
Discuss the parameter settings required for base band and RF frequency hopping
Give an overview about the TDMA frame structure
Describe the logical channels, their mapping to TDMA frames and their parameters
Demonstrate, how the signalling capacity effect the mapping of the logical channels
Give an overview about the use of extended cells
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Base Station Identity CodeRadio
ResourceAdministration
Base Station Identity Code BSIC = Network Colour Code NCC + Base Station Colour Code BCC
bsIdentityCode Setting of BSIC
NCC 0..7, distinguishes between PLMNsBCC 0..7, distinguishes between clusters
BSIC + frequency channel -> unique identity of adjacent cell
f1f2
f3
f1
f1
bcc = 1bcc = 2
bcc = 3
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Training Sequence CodeRadio
ResourceAdministration
Training Sequence Code TSC
tsc 0..7 Setting of TSC
Used to determine signal distortion and bit error rate
training
sequence encrypted bitsencrypted bits3 31
stealing flag stealing flag
57 bits 57 bits26 bits
1
tail bits tail bits
Burst on TCH
data difference =difference
expected bursttraining sequence ??
received burst
correlation
data* data*training sequence*
data*
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200 kHz
890 915 935 960
1 2 3 4 124123 1 2 3 4 124123
duplex distance
Absolute radio frequency carrier number ARFCN
uplink direction downlink direction
Example: GSM 900
Frequency Division Multiple AccessRadio
ResourceAdministration
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Frequency ReuseRadio
ResourceAdministration
Frequency to be used by TRX
initialFrequency Setting of ARFCNs
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
f1f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
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Frequency Information for MSRadio
ResourceAdministration
Idle mode -> MS listens on BCCH
idleStateBCCHAllocation 0..255 0 = MS gets frequency information frominitialFrequency lists of adjacent cells1..255 = MS gets frequency information fromdouble BCCH allocationlist
bCCHAllocationList Indicates ARFCN values given by double BCCH
allocation list
Dedicated mode -> MS listens on SACCH
measurementBCCHAllocation ADJ,IDLE ADJ = MS gets frequency information frominitialFrequency lists of adjacent cellsIDLE = MS uses same double BCCH allocationlist as in idle mode
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Frequency
Time
F1
F2
F3
Call is transmitted through several frequencies to
average the interference (interference diversity) minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)
Principle of Frequency HoppingRadio
ResourceAdministration
Frequency hopping techniques
btsIsHopping BB,RF,NBB = base band hoppingRF = RF hoppingN = no frequency hopping at all
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Baseband Hopping
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 72 Timeslot
TRX 4
BC
CH
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
HSN1
Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 2-4 only
BCCH does not hop
HSN2
Timeslots 1-7 hop over all TRXs
Base Band HoppingRadio
ResourceAdministration
TRXs do not hopPhysical channels moved from one TRX to another
Hopping sequencehoppingSequenceNumber 0..63
0 = cyclic hopping1..63 = pseudorandom hopping
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TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 72 Timeslot
TRX 4
BC
CHf1 no hopping
f2,f3..fn
hopping according
mobile allocation list
One hopping sequence
number only
RF Hopping(Standard Technique)
RadioResource
Administration
TRXs do hop except TRX1 (provides BCCH)Up to 63 frequencies available defined by mobile allocation list -> better hopping gain
mobileAllocationList Setting of ARFCN values usedMobileAllocation 0..255 0 = BTS detached from any list
1..255 = indicates list which shall be used
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MAI
-
0
1
2
-
3
4
5
-
6
7
8
MAIO
0
3
6
TRX-1 BCCH
TRX-2 TCH
TRX-3 TCH
TRX-4 TCH
TRX-5 BCCHTRX-6 TCH
TRX-7 TCH
TRX-8 TCH
TRX-9 BCCH
TRX-10 TCH
TRX-11 TCH
TRX-12 TCH
RF Hopping(Freeform Hopping)
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
Standard technique
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8But 3 frequencies available for every TRX only
Freeform hopping
For every sector samemobile allocation list
hopping sequence numberframe number (frame synchronization)
For every sector differentstarting points for hopping sequencepossible by mobile allocation index offset
maioOffset 0..62
setting of MAIO
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..89 frequencies available for every TRX
RadioResource
Administration
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MAIO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
TRX-1 BCCH
TRX-2 TCH
TRX-3 TCH
TRX-4 TCH
TRX-5 BCCHTRX-6 TCH
TRX-7 TCH
TRX-8 TCH
TRX-9 BCCH
TRX-10 TCH
TRX-11 TCH
TRX-12 TCH
RF Hopping(Flexible MAIO Management)
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
Freeform hopping
Not adequate for MA list with consecutive ARFCN valuesAvoids co-channel interferenceBut not adjacent channel interference
Flexible MAIO management
MAIO increases with constant step size from one TRX to thenext one
maioStep 0..62
maioOffset = 0, 6, 12 for sector 1, 2, 3maioStep = 218 frequencies required (2 * number of hopping TRXs)
RadioResource
Administration
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BCCH
Band allocation:
MA listConsecutive ARFCN
Only BCCH frequency planning required
Flexible MAIO managementMAIO Offset + MAIO Step
BCCH
Band allocation:
MA listDiscrete ARFCN
Freeform hoppingMAIO Offset
MA list and BCCH frequency planning required
RF Hopping(Tight Frequency Reuse)
RadioResource
Administration
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Frequency Plan ChangingRadio
ResourceAdministration
BSIC / TSCFrequenciesFrequency hopping settingIntelligent underlay overlay TRX settings
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Basic TDMA StructureRadio
ResourceAdministration
TDMA frame
= 8 timeslots= 4.615 ms
01
3
45
76
01
23
45
76
01
23
45
200 kHz
physical channele.g. allocated to onesubscriber with FR voiceand no frequency hopping
frequency
TDMA frame2
2 2 2
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Multi, Super and Hyper FrameRadio
ResourceAdministration
0 1 2 49 500 1 2 24 25
0 2047
0 1 2 48 49 500 1 24 25
0 7
2048 super frames = hyper frame
Super frame= 26 x 51 multi framesor 51 x 26 multi frames
26 multi frame= 120 ms 51 multi frame = 235 ms
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
TDMA frame
numbering
0 1 2 49 50
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GSM Channel OrganisationRadio
ResourceAdministration
Base Station
Subsystem
Logical Channelsfor transport of specific content
Physical Channelstransport medium
MS
mapping
Physical channel parametersARFCN
Time slot number
Frequency hopping algorithm
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Logical ChannelsRadio
ResourceAdministration
SCH
FCCH
PCH
BCCH
AGCH
RACH
SDCCH
NCH
SACCH
...
FACCH
Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel
Frequency Correction Channel
Synchronisation Channel
Broadcast Control Channel
Paging Channel
Slow Associated Control Channel
Fast Associated Control Channel
Paging Channel
Random Access Channel
Access Grant Channel
Notification Channel
BCH
CCCH
DCCH
TCH
DL
DL
DL
DL
UL
Common
Channels
Dedicated
Channels
UL/DL
UL/DL
CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel
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Traffic ChannelsRadio
ResourceAdministration
TCH
TCH/EFR
TCH/FR TCH for Full Rate speech
TCH for Enhanced Full Rate speech
TCH/F9.6
TCH/HR TCH for Half rate Speech
TCH for full rate data transmission with 9.6 kbit/s
TCH/H4.8
TCH/F4.8 TCH for full rate data transmission with 4.8 kbit/s
TCH for half rate data transmission with 4.8 kbit/s
TCH/H.2.4
TCH/F2.4 TCH for full rate data transmission with 2.4 kbit/s
TCH for half rate data transmission with 2.4 kbit/s
.
.
.
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Traffic Channel MappingRadio
ResourceAdministration
.
.
.
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
1 26
t t tt t t t ft tt t t tt t t tt ft t t ttts i
Full Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)
Half Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
1 26
t
T T
t t
T
t
f
t t
T T T T
t t
T
t
Tf
T
t
T
tt
T
s
S
t= full rate TCH, s= SACCH/T, i= idle TDMA frame
t= half rate TCH, s= SACCH/T (first user)
T= half rate TCH, S= SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame
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RadioResource
Administration
Signalling Channel Mapping(BCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4)
f s ff s f s
Downlink51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
-
Uplink
BCCH CCCH
f s f s
CCCH CCCHSDCCH 0
SDCCH 1
SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3
SACCH
0/2 SACCH1/3
r r f r r rr r r r fr r r r r rr r r r fr r r r rr f r r
1 51
SACCH2/0 SACCH
3/1
SDCCH 0SDCCH 1SDCCH 3
SDCCH 3
f= FCCH, s= SCH, r= RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
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RadioResource
Administration
Signalling Channel Mapping(BCCH +CCCH/9)
f s ff s f s
Downlink51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
-
Uplink
BCCH CCCH
f s f s
CCCH CCCH
r r f r r rr r r r fr r r r r rr r r r fr r r r rr f r r
1 51
CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH
r rr r rr r r r r r r rr r r r r rr rr r r
f= FCCH, s= SCH, r= RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
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RadioResource
Administration
Signalling Channel Mapping(SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4)
f
f
i = idle TDMA frame
f
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
iii
iii
SDCCH 0
SDCCH 1
SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3
SDCCH 4
SDCCH 5
SDCCH 6
SDCCH 7
SDCCH 1SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3SDCCH 4
SDCCH 5
SDCCH 6SDCCH 7
SDCCH 0
Downlink
Uplink
SACCH
0/4 SACCH1/5
SACCH
2/6 SACCH3/7
SACCH6/2 SACCH
7/3
SACCH4/0SACCH
5/1
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
1 51
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RadioResource
Administration
Channel Mapping(Parameter Setting)
Channel configuration defined by parameter channelType
TCHF = full rate traffic channelTCHH = half rate traffic channelTCHD = dual rate traffic channelERACH = random access channel of extended areaNOTUSED = timeslot has no radio definition or Abis allocationSDCCH = SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4
MBCCH = broadcast control channelMBCCHC = BCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4MBCCB = BCCH + SDCCH/4 with CBCHSDCCB = SDCCH with CBCHMPBCCH = PBCCH + PCCCH + PTCCH packet control channels
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RadioResource
Administration
Static SDCCHs overbooked-> Free TCHs used for SDCCH traffic
Rules for dynamic SDCCH allocation:
SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of SDCCHs or no SDCCHs yet at all SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of occupied channels If between different types of TCHs must be selected, the preference order is: HR, FR, DR TCH
Intelligent underlay overlay network: dynamic SDCCHs supported by regular TRXs only
Dynamic SDCCH allocation + FACCH call set up enabled simultaneously-> dynamic SDCCH allocation has higher priority
Exceptions:
Configuration of any dynamic SDCCH resource in the BTS not possible
Only one TCH of the BTS is available
Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
Radio
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RadioResource
Administration
Alternative to dynamic SDCCH allocation
Assignment of TCH to MS from CCCH instead of SDCCH Call set up on FACCH instead on SDCCH
Parameters
newEstabCausesSupport Y/N Enables feature is generalordinaryCallOnFacch Y/N Enables ordinary call set up on FACCHemerCallOnFacch Y/N Enables emergency call set up on FACCHreestablishOnFacch Y/N Enables call reestablishment on FACCH
FACCH Call Set Up
Radio
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RadioResource
Administration
Mobile terminating call -> MSC performs paging
MS identifies paging message with the IMSI/TMSIMS listens to own paging group only
BSC parameters
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging 2..9 multi frames Defines how often MS listens topaging
MSC parameters
Repaging Interval 50..100 ms Time between consecutive pagingattempts
Repaging Attempts 0..5 Number of paging repetitions
Buffering
BTS stores up to 8 paging messages of the MSC in page group bufferBTS sends paging messages to MS according noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
PCH Parameters
Radio
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RadioResource
Administration
Mobile sends channel requests to BTS seperated by random time intervals in case of noanswer!
Parameters
maxNumberRetransmission 1,2,4,7 Defines maximum allowednumber of retransmissions
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 3..12,14,16,20,25,32,50 Defines time interval betweenconsecutive retransmissions
Random time interval between consecutive retransmissions
t = S + random [0,..numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans1] RACH slots
S depends on numberOfSlotsSpreadTranssignalling channel mapping (CCCH + SDCCH combined or not in one multi frame)
RACH Parameters
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans = 10s ignal l ing channel mapping = not combined-> S = 58-> t = 58..67
time channel requests
Radio
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RadioResource
Administration
Network gives the MS dedicated resources
Downlink CCCH blocks
PCH can be used for AGCH messagesAGCH cannot be used for PCH messages
Reservation of CCCH blocks for AGCH
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0..7 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are not combined
1..7 possible number, if CBCH is used in non combinedconfiguration0..2 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are combined
Preference of AGCH messages on PCH
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 PCH can be used only, if no paging messages have to besend
= 0 AGCH messages have higher priority than PCH ones
Number of paging groups
N = (number of CCCH blocks noOfBlocksForAccessGrant) * noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
AGCH Parameters
Radio
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RadioResource
AdministrationErlang B Table
Chs 1 % 2 % 3 % 5 % Chs 1 % 2 % 3 % 5 %
1 0 .0 1 0 . 0 2 0 .0 3 0 . 0 5 2 1 1 2 .8 0 1 4 . 0 0 1 4 .9 0 1 6 . 2 0
2 0 .1 5 0 . 2 2 0 .2 8 0 . 3 8 2 2 1 3 .7 0 1 4 . 9 0 1 5 .8 0 1 7 . 1 0
3 0 .4 6 0 . 6 0 0 .7 2 0 . 9 0 2 3 1 4 .5 0 1 5 . 8 0 1 6 .7 0 1 8 . 1 0
4 0 .8 7 1 . 0 9 1 .2 6 1 . 5 2 2 4 1 5 .3 0 1 6 . 6 0 1 7 .6 0 1 9 . 0 0
5 1 .3 6 1 . 6 6 1 .8 8 2 . 2 2 2 5 1 6 .1 0 1 7 . 5 0 1 8 .5 0 2 0 . 0 0
6 1 .9 1 2 . 2 8 2 .5 4 2 . 9 6 2 6 1 7 .0 0 1 8 . 4 0 1 9 .4 0 2 0 . 9 0
7 2 .5 0 2 . 9 4 3 .2 5 3 . 7 5 2 7 1 7 .8 0 1 9 . 3 0 2 0 .3 0 2 1 . 9 0
8 3 .1 3 3 . 6 3 3 .9 9 4 . 5 4 2 8 1 8 .6 0 2 0 . 2 0 2 1 .2 0 2 2 . 9 0
9 3 .7 8 4 . 3 4 4 .7 5 5 . 3 7 2 9 1 9 .5 0 2 1 . 0 0 2 2 .1 0 2 3 . 8 0
1 0 4 .4 6 5 . 0 8 5 .5 3 6 . 2 2 3 0 2 0 .3 0 2 1 . 9 0 2 3 .1 0 2 4 . 8 0
1 1 5 .1 6 5 . 8 4 6 .3 3 7 . 0 8 3 1 2 1 .2 0 2 2 . 8 0 2 4 .0 0 2 5 . 8 0
1 2 5 .8 8 6 . 6 1 7 .1 4 7 . 9 5 3 2 2 2 .0 0 2 3 . 7 0 2 4 .9 0 2 6 . 7 0
1 3 6 .6 1 7 . 4 0 7 .9 7 8 . 8 3 3 3 2 2 .9 0 2 4 . 6 0 2 5 .8 0 2 7 . 7 0
1 4 7 .3 5 8 . 2 0 8 .8 0 9 . 7 3 3 4 2 3 .8 0 2 5 . 5 0 2 6 .8 0 2 8 . 7 0
1 5 8 .1 1 9 . 0 1 9 .6 5 1 0 . 6 0 3 5 2 4 .6 0 2 6 . 4 0 2 7 .7 0 2 9 . 7 0
1 6 8 .8 8 9 . 8 3 1 0 .5 0 1 1 . 5 0 3 6 2 5 .5 0 2 7 . 3 0 2 8 .6 0 3 0 . 7 01 7 9 .6 5 1 0 .7 0 1 1 .4 0 1 2 . 5 0 3 7 2 6 .4 0 2 8 . 3 0 2 9 .6 0 3 1 . 6 0
1 8 1 0 .4 0 1 1 .5 0 1 2 .2 0 1 3 . 4 0 3 8 2 7 .3 0 2 9 . 2 0 3 0 .5 0 3 2 . 6 0
1 9 1 1 .2 0 1 2 .3 0 1 3 .1 0 1 4 . 3 0 3 9 2 8 .1 0 3 0 . 1 0 3 1 .5 0 3 3 . 6 0
2 0 1 2 .0 0 1 3 .2 0 1 4 .0 0 1 5 . 2 0 4 0 2 9 .0 0 3 1 . 0 0 3 2 .4 0 3 4 . 6 0
Radio
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ad oResource
AdministrationPaging Example
Combined CCCH / SDCCH configuration
noOfBlocksForAccessGrant= 1 -> 2 CCCH blocks for PCH
3 MSs paged per paging message -> 3 pages per block
2 blocks per multi frame -> 3 * 2 = 6 pages per multi frame
Number of pages per hour -> 3600 s / 0.235 s * 6 = 91915
2 pages required per MS -> 91915 / 2 = 45957 MSs per hour
BTS 3 MS
Paging_Request
BTS 3 MS
Paging_Request
Radio Call Establishment &
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ResourceAdministration
Cell with 325 subscribers1 call per subscriber once in a hour
1 location update (LU) per subscriber once in 2 hours
Duration of call assignment = 7 s -> 7 s / 3600 s = 1.94 mErl on SDCCH per subscriber
325 subscribers -> 325 * 1.94 mErl = 0.6305 Erl on SDCCH
Reservation time for LU = 7s -> 7 s / 7200 s = 0.97 mErl on SDCCH per subscriber
325 subscribers -> 0.3153 Erl on SDCCH
Total SDCCH traffic -> 0.6305 Erl + 0.3153 Erl = 0.9458 Erl
Blocking probability = 1% -> 5 SDCCHs required -> not combined with CCCH
Call Establishment &Location Update Example
Radio
E l I l di SMS
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ResourceAdministration
Same cell with 325 subscribersAdditional SMS traffic of 1 mErl per subscriber
325 subscribers -> 325 * 1 mErl = 0.325 Erl on SDCCH
Total SDCCH traffic -> 0.6305 Erl + 0.3153 Erl + 0.325 Erl = 1.2708
Blocking probability = 1% -> 5 SDCCHs required -> not combined with CCCH
Example Including SMS
Radio Extended Cell
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ResourceAdministration
Extended Cell(Implementation)
Normal region (frequency f1)
N-TRX (Parameter eTrxInd= N)
Extended region (frequency f2 except timeslot 0)
E-TRX(Parameter eTrxInd= E)
E-TRX
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
N-TRX
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1 f1
BCCH/
SDCCH
Not
UsedTCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH
TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCHRACH SDCCH
f1 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2 f2
Extended cell size
Parameter radiusExtension
Value = 1..67 radius of extended cell
Value = 0 ordinary cell
RadioR Extended Cell
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ResourceAdministration
Extended Cell(Cell Selection, Handover)
Cell Selection
MS can camp on normal or extended cell, independentlyon the distance to the BTS
Failure of RACH burst -> Wrong cell selectedReselection on the basis of the path loss criterion C1
Handover to due Distance
maxMSDistanceHOThreshold 0..63 63 = maximum allowed distancethreshold exceeded -> handover triggered toextended cell
minMSDistanceHOThreshold 0..63 63 = maximum allowed distancethreshold exceeded -> handover triggered tonormal cell
Handover due to other Reason
hoTargetArea 0..3 indicates type of target cell (normal or extended)indicates type of transceiver from which the BSCtries to allocate a channel (normal or extended)