building services project 1

ARC 2423: BUILDING SERVICES

Project 1: Case Study and Documentation of Building Service Systems

0315746 Narean Punitharajah 0309343 Yap Chun Yew 0315210 Celine Tee 0316206 Felicia Novera 0303372 Haziq Azri 0312777 Izzat Amir Nasaruddin

1001GH77034 Cheah Eugene

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract Acknowledgment Introduction

5 6 7

1 Cold water Supply System 1.1 Literature Review 1.2 Cold Water Supply System 1.2.1 Direct Cold Water Supply System 1.2.2 Indirect Cold Water Supply System 1.3 Water Meters 1.4 Gate Valve & Stop Valve 1.5 Pipework 1.5.1 Polythene pipe 1.5.2 Piping CWS 1.6 Pump 1.7 Water Storage Tank 1.8 Rain Harvesting System 1.9 Conclusion

8

2 Electrical Supply System 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 High Voltage Room (TNB Substation) 2.3 Consumer Switch Room 2.4 Main Switch room 2.4.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cylinder Tank 2.4.2 Circuit Breaker 2.4.3 Rubber Mats 2.5 Sub Switch Boards 2.6 Distribution Boards 2.7 Genset Room 2.8 Cable Tray System 2.9 Bus Duct 2.10 Electrical Riser Room 2.11 Underfloor Trunking System 2.12 Electrical Meter Base 2.13 Conclusion

19

3. Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning System 3.1 Literature Review

3.1.1 Air-Conditioning 3.1.2Mechanical Ventilation

3.2 Air Conditioning System 3.3 Air Handling Unit

46

3.4 Chiller Plant System 3.5 Cooling Tower 3.6 Fan Coil Unit 3.7 ACMV Features

3.7.1 Emergency Air Supply 3.7.2 Ducting Network System

3.8 UBBL By Law Regulations 3.9 Conclusion

4. Mechanical Transportation Systems

4.1 Literature Review 4.2 Mechanical Vertical Vertical Transportation 4.2.1 Introduction and Function of a Lift 4.2.2 Operation of a Lift System 4.3 System Components 4.3.1 Lift System 4.3.2 Machine Room 4.3.3 Operating Panel 4.4 Design Components 4.4.1 Lift Car Interior 4.4.2 Entrances 4.4.3 Hall Accessories 4.5 Basement Lift System 4.5.1 Machine-Room-Less System Introduction 4.5.2 Machine-Room-Less System Components 4.5.3 Design Consideration 4.6 Fire Lift System 4.7 Conclusion

58

5. Sewerage & Sanitary System 5.1 Literature Review 5.1.1 Sanitary Components and Systems 5.2 Piping 5.3 Trap 5.4 Venting 5.5 Manhole 5.6 Conclusion

87

6. Fire Protection System 6.1 Literature Review 6.1.1 Active Fire Protection 6.1.2 Passive Fire Protection

6.2 Active Fire Protection System 6.2.1 Fire Detection System

100

6.2.1.1 Detectors 6.2.2 Fire Notification System 6.2.2.1 Fire Alarm System 6.2.2.2 Fire Control Room 6.2.2.3 Fire Man Intercom 6.2.3 Fire Suppression System 6.2.3.1 Manual 6.2.3.2 Automatic 6.2.3.3 Fire Pump Room 6.2.3.4 Water Tank 6.2.3.5 Fire Hydrant 6.3 Passive Fire Protection 6.3.1 Fire Evacuation System and Escape Route 6.3.1.1 Emergency Exit Language 6.3.1.2 Fire Escape Door 6.3.1.3 Fire Escape Staircase 6.3.1.4 Fire Resistance Material 6.4 Conclusion

References 113

Abstract

The Pinnacle Sunway is located in Bandar Sunway, built by Sunway Group as a commercial office building. As it was only completed recently, the service utilities are modern and utilize the latest technology in building services. Services include the cold water supply system, the electrical supply system, the mechanical ventilation and air conditioning system, the mechanical vertical transportation system, the sewerage and sanitary system and the fire protection system. The control room is situated on the Ground floor, or the Mezzanine floor, though the building services locations vary from basement to penthouse and even the rooftop.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the Pinnacle Sunway in Bandar Sunway , as well as Sunway Group, for allowing us to examine and photograph the premises, as well as providing the plans, sections, and elevations of the whole building as well as the service appliances and service areas.

Mr. Abdul Rahman Latiff was an incredible help as he was our host and guide, walking us through all the service areas and explaining how each part contributed to the smoothness of the building’s function.

We would also like to express our gratitude to our tutor, Mr. Rizal, for his aid and guidance in completing this project.

Introduction

The Pinnacle Sunway offers a unique corporate environment where it is situated within an internationally-acclaimed, award-winning integrated resort city. This seamless connectivity allows tenants to enjoy a total working, shopping, leisure and residential environment that provides added value, well beyond the offices. Boasting the latest Green building features & MSC status commercial buildings built within the Klang Valley. The Pinnacle office tower strategically located in the enclave within Sunway Pyramid, Sunway Hotel and Menara Sunway and The Pinnacle offers a net lettable area of over 580,000sf. The

building is strategically located with high accessibility via 4 major highways: Federal Highway, Lebuhraya Damansara Puchong (LDP), KESAS highway and North Pantai Expressway (NPE).Some of the features available are wireless broadband connection,voice over IP (VoIP),Intelligent Building Management Systems (Building

Automation System),24/7 tech support,double glazing glass for heat reduction,T5 fittings for all fluorescent luminaries,motion sensors for all common areas,rainwater harvesting for landscape irrigation,CO sensors at the return duct to modulate the fresh air vent to maintain CO2 level to be less than 1000ppm motion sensors to optimize energy consumption,low Volatile Organic Content (VOC) paint for all internal walls, carpets or flooring, adhesive and sealant,within 500m from the nearest bus stop and car park provision for 'hydrid cars'.(Pinnacle Sunway,2015)

Concept art of the Pinnacle Sunway.

Site Area: 7,284m2

Substructure GFA: 41,455m2

Superstructure GFA: 65,425m2

Typical Floor Plate: 2,600m2

NFA: 53,612m2

1 Cold Water Supply System

1.1 Literature Review

An adequate supply of water is a basic requirement for most buildings for reasons of personal hygiene or for activities such as cooking and manufacturing processes. In most areas a piped supply of water is available from a Public Water Board or Public Utility Company mains supply system. The water authority by a system of screening, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination, aeration and fluoridation makes the water fit for human consumption before allowing it to enter the mains. The water company's mains are laid underground at a depth where they will be unaffected by frost or traffic movement. The lay-out of the system is generally a circuit with trunk mains feeding a grid of subsidiary mains for distribution to specific areas or districts. The materials used for main pipes are cast iron and asbestos cement which can be tapped whilst under pressure; a plug cock is inserted into the crown of the mains pipe to provide the means of connecting the communication pipe to supply an individual building.

The procedure for the design of a water distribution system for a building is straightforward. It is assumed that an adequate reliable supply of clean potable water is available. The design procedure is then as follows:

a) Determine the pressure of the source. Decide whether to use the source directly, reduce the pressure or increase it.

b) Determine whether the structure will be treated as a single unit or whether it is necessary to zone it.

c) Decide whether to use an up feed or down feed system.

d) Determine the pressure and flow requirements of all fixtures and all continuous water uses.

e) Determine maximum instantaneous water demand. This is a combination of fixture use and other water uses in the building.

f) Determine the service size on the service size on the basis of maximum water requirements.

g) Determine minimum pipe sizes on the basis of required flow rates and pressure for the water use device farthest from the service.

h) Determine location of shock arresters and any other special devices required.

1.2.1 Direct Cold Water Supply System

In this system the whole of the cold water to the sanitary fittings is supplied directly from the service pipe. The direct system is used mainly in northern districts where large, high level reservoirs provide a good mains supply and pressure. Another advantage of the direct system is that drinking water is available from several outlet points. The main disadvantage is the lack of reserve should the mains supply be cut off for repairs, also there can lowering of the supply during peak demand periods. When sanitary fittings are connected directly to a mains supply there is always a risk of contamination of the mains water by back siphonage. This can occur if there is a negative pressure on the mains and any of the outlets are submerged below the water level, such as a hand spray connected to the taps.

1.2 Direct Cold Water Supply System

1.2.2 Indirect Cold Water Supply System

In the indirect cold water system, water comes into building via rising main. It is then branched off to feed at least one tap (in the image above, this is the kitchen and outside tap and the boiler next to the sink) and then continues to a storage tank in the loft. From here it is distributed to the other taps in the building. Overflow pipes are marked O. The position of stopcocks…etc. is marked on the diagram below which also shows the hot water path.

1.2.2 Indirect Cold Water Supply System

1.3 Water Meters

Water meters are supplied at the discretion of the local water authorities and most new buildings are required to have them. There are two common approaches to flow measurement, displacement and velocity. Common displacement designs include oscillating piston and mutating disc meters. Velocity -based designs include single and multi-jet meters and turbine meters.

1.3.1 The use of water meter in Sunway Pinnacle

1.3.2 Positive displacement meters are used to take direct measurements of

liquid flow.

1.4 Gate Valve & Stop Valve

The gate valve also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid. The distinct feature of a gate valve is the sealing surfaces between the gate and seats are planar, so gate valves are often used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired. The gate faces can form a wedge shape pr they can form a wedge shape or they can be parallel. Gate valves are primarily used to permit or prevent the flow of liquids, but typical gate valves shouldn't be used for regulating flow, unless they are specially designed for that purpose. On opening the gate valve, the flow path is enlarged in a highly nonlinear manner with respect to percent of opening. This means that flow rate does not change evenly with stem travel. Also, a partially open gate disk tends to vibrate from the fluid flow. Most of the flow change occurs near shutoff with a relatively high fluid velocity causing disk and seat wear and eventual leakage if used to regulate flow. Gate valves are characterized as having either a rising or a non-rising stem. Rising stems provide a visual indication of valve position because the stem is attached to the gate such that the gate and stem rise and lower together as the valve is operated.

1.4.1 Gate Valve

1.4.2 Stop valve

1.4.3 The valve in Sunway Pinnacle

1.5 Pipework

Any of the materials which are suitable for the service pipe are equally suitable for distribution pipes and the choice is very often based on individual preference, initial costs and possible maintenance costs.

Joints in copper pipes can be made by one of three methods:

a) Manipulative compression joint: the end of the pipe is manipulated to fit into the coupling fitting by means of a special tool. No jointing material is required and the joint offers great resistance to being withdrawn. It is usually by a law requirement that this type of joint is used on service pipes below ground. b) Non-manipulative compression joint: no manipulation is required to the cut end of the pipe, the holding power of the joint relies on the grip of a copper cone wedge within the joint fitting.

c) Capillary joint: the application of heat makes the soft solder contained in a groove in the fitting flow around the end of the pipe which has been cleaned and coated with a suitable flux to form a neat and rigid joint.

1.5.1 Polythene pipe

Polythene pipe is very light in weight, easy to joint, non-toxic and is available in long lengths, which gives a saving on the number of joints required. Jointing of polythene pipes are generally of the compression type using a metal or plastic liner to the end of the tube. To prevent undue sagging polythene pipes should be adequately fixed to the wall with saddle clips, recommended spacings are fourteen times the outside diameter for horizontal runs and twenty- four times outside diameter for vertical runs.

1.5.2 Piping

CWS - Condensed water supply: To help the mechanical equipments lose heat

CRW - Condensed water return: To be recycle to lose heat gained

CHWS - Chilled water supply: To cool the refrigerant

CHWR - Chilled water return: Return to Cooling Tower

1.5.2 Type of the pipe in Sunway Pinnacle

Analysis

According to MS 1515 code 8.5:

All piping installed to serve buildings and within buildings should be adequately insulated to prevent excessive energy losses. Additional insulation with vapor barriers may be required to prevent condensation under some conditions.

1.6 Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement and gravity pumps.

1.7 Water Storage Tank

There are few interesting water storage tank which located at the top floor of Pinnacle Sunway. The name of the water tank is called "Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Tank". Basically the system is simple and yet cost effective and requires a very short time for installation. The steel panels are bolted together for water storage typically for fire protection systems, domestic water and air conditioning systems in building. These water storage tanks are normally supplied complete with covers, internal and external ladders, and water level indicators and are mostly hot dip galvanized for corrosion protection. The pressed steel water storage tanks are bolted together from the outside with seal strip and bitumen compound for water tightness.

1.7 Shows water storage tank in Sunway Pinnacle

Analysis

Under UBBL 1984 Section 247: Water Storage

1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for firefighting system and installation shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the tenth schedule to these by - laws.

2) Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for the hose reel system, shall be located at ground, first or second basement levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet connection accessible to fire appliances.

3) Storage tanks for automatic sprinkle installation where full capacity is provided without the need for replenishment shall be exempted from the restrictions in their location.

1.8 Rain Harvesting System

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. Its uses include water for garden, water for lives tock, water for irrigation, water for domestic use with proper treatment, and indoor heating for houses etc. In many places the water collected is just redirected to a deep pit with percolation. The harvested water can be used as drinking water as well as for storage and other purpose like irrigation. Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional water restrictions and in developed countries is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water when there is a drought, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and reduces demand on wells, which may enable ground water levels to be sustained. It also helps in the availability of potable water as rainwater is substantially free of salinity and other salts. In Sunway Pinnacle, the water is uses for watering the plants at landscape.

1.8.1 Rain Harvesting storage tank

1.8.1 shows how the rain is collected

1.9 Conclusion

To conclude that, we have identified and understood relevant information related to water supply system and sewerage system. We have understood how each components functions and its connectivity, as well as space implications. Therefore, we can conclude that the fundamental purpose of water supply system is to make sure every floor from the ground floor to the top floor that there is an adequate supply of clean water.

2 Electrical Supply Systems


Humans have an intimate relationship with electricity, to the point that it's virtually impossible to separate your life from it. Sure, you can flee from the world of crisscrossing power lines and live your life completely off the grid, but even at the loneliest corners of the world, electricity exists. If it's not lighting up the storm clouds overhead or crackling in a static spark at your fingertips, then it's moving through the human nervous system, animating the brain's will in every flourish, breath and unthinking heartbeat.

Before we had hydroelectric dams or solar power cells, we had to burn fossil fuel like coal to generate power. Nowadays we use more modern ways such as hydroelectric damns. By taking advantage of gravity and the water cycle, we have tapped into one of nature's engines to create a useful form of energy. In fact, humans have been capturing the energy of moving water for thousands of years. Today, harnessing the power of moving water to generate electricity, known as hydroelectric power, is the largest sources of emissions-free, renewable electricity in Malaysia. Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. (Hydroelectricity, 2015)

Figure 2.1.1: How a hydroelectric Dam looks like.(Hydroeletricy,2015)

Figure 2.1.2: Bakun Dam(Bakun Dam,Wikipedia)

Malaysia’s national grid operates as such: customers are connected with power from hydroelectric and thermal plants through a network system made up of transmission lines, substations and distribution lines. The performance of electricity suppliers thus depends not only on the operations within power plants, but also on substations and the efficiency of transmission cables.(Penang Monthly,2014)

Figure 2.1.3: The basic electrical transmission system in Malaysia.(TNB,2014)

According to the Energy Commission of Malaysia, the maximum demand for electricity should not (at any given time) exceed the total generation capacity installed. Maximum demand is the capacity of electricity usage within a particular grid system and gauges the amount of electricity used by customers. It is calculated as double the highest amount of electricity used (in kWh) within any consecutive period of 30 minutes in a month but may not necessarily reflect the final amount of consumption within the system. Installed generation capacity on the other hand is the amount of electricity that a generator can produce at any given time.(Penang Monthly,2014)

2.2 High Voltage Room (TNB Substation)

The high voltage room is room holding the Tenaga National Berhad electrical substation. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. The substation includes transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. The TNB substation in Pinnacle Sunway has a stepdown transformer to reduce the voltage received to provide power to be distributed to the whole building.(Electrical Rules and Calculations for Air-Conditioning Systems – Part Five,2015)

Figure 2.2.1: Shows TNB room in Pinnacle Sunway has been repainted and a green wall system has been implemented.

Figure 2.2.2: Shows the location of TNB room that located at the Basement Level 1 in Pinnacle Sunway in a planar view.

2.3 Consumer Switch Room

A consumer switch room or an electrical room is a room or space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment. The size of the electrical room is usually proportional to the size of the building. Large buildings may have a main electrical room and subsidiary electrical rooms. Electrical equipment may be for power distribution equipment, or for communications equipment. The consumer room is located directly next to the TNB substation room. This is mainly to reduce drop in voltage during transmission as the further current travels, the weaker the current becomes due to high resistance in the wires itself. There is a step down transformer located in the room to reduce the voltage from 11KV to 415 V which is more suitable for usage. A step down transformer has less turns on the secondary coil that the primary coils. The induced voltage across the secondary coil is less the applied voltage across the primary coil or in other words the voltage is “stepped-down”.

Figure 2.2.3: Shows the location of consumer switch room at the Basement Level 1 in Pinnacle Sunway.

2.3.1 Transformer room (Step-down Transformer)

The transformer room is an unattended room used to house electric transformers and their auxiliary equipment. A step down transformer is housed in the transformer room. A step down transformer has more turns of wire on the primary coil and less turns of wire on the secondary coil. This makes a smaller induced voltage in the secondary coil. A step down transformer is called a step down transformer because the output voltage is smaller than the input voltage. If the secondary coil has half as many turns of wire then the output voltage will be half the input voltage. Even by decreasing the voltage, it will not decrease the power as the voltage goes down, the current goes up.( Step-up and step-down transformers,2015)

Figure 2.3.1: Diagram explaining a step down transformer.(How stuff works,2012)

2.4 Main Switch Board Room

An electric switchboard is a device that directs electricity from one or more sources of supply to several smaller regions of usage. It is an assembly of one or more panels, each of which contains switches that allow electricity to be redirected.

The U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC) defines a switchboard as "a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels on which are mounted, on the face, back, or both, switches, over-current and other protective devices,

buses, and usually instruments". The role of a switchboard is to allow the division of the current supplied to the switchboard into smaller currents for further distribution and to provide switching, current protection and (possibly) metering for those various currents. In general, switchboards may distribute power to transformers, panel boards, control equipment, and, ultimately, to individual system loads. Inside a switchboard there will be one or more bus bars. These are flat strips of copper or aluminum, to which the switchgear is connected. Bus bars carry large currents through the switchboard, and are supported by insulators. Bare bus bars are common, but many types are now manufactured with an insulating cover on the bars, leaving only connection points exposed.(Electric switchboard,2015)

The operator is protected from electrocution by safety switches and fuses. There may also be controls for the supply of electricity to the switchboard, coming from a generator or bank of electrical generators, especially frequency control of AC power and load sharing controls, plus gauges showing frequency and perhaps a synchroscope. The amount of power going into a switchboard must always equal to the power going out to the loads.

Figure 2.4.1: Main Switch Room located at Basement Level 1 in Pinnacle Sunway.

Figure 2.4.2: Shows the location of the Main Switch Room in Basement Level 1.

2.4.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cylindrical Tank

As a safety precaution carbon dioxide an inert gas has been used to prevent ignition of potentially flammable mixtures and extinguish fire involving flammable liquids or gases. Although the carbon dioxide can help extinguish fire by displacing oxygen, it is even more effective as a heat sink, absorbing combustion energy. Carbon dioxide, naturally a gas, is stored in cylinder as a liquid, as under great pressure the gas will turn to liquid form. In does not conduct electricity and will not damage any sensitive electronic equipment. In Pinnacle Sunway, such system is used in the transformer room and main switch board room instead of water- based sprinkler system as an electrical fire cannot be put out by water.

Figure 2.4.3: CO2 cylindrical tank located in the Main Switch Board room

2.4.2 Circuit Breaker

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. A fuse and a circuit breaker have the same function. Unlike the circuit breaker the fuse is a onetime use device for current (power) protection. You must replace it once it blows. A circuit breaker, however it is reusable. It can be reset and there is no need to replace it. Circuit breakers are used for high voltage currents as they break the circuit’s faster than fuses, if the circuits is not broken fast enough an electric arc mat form, passing on high voltage current throughout the circuit and damaging appliances connected to it. Fuses are normally used in lower voltage electrical equipment such as Distribution Boards. There is a MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) panel is locating in the Main Switch Room Pinnacle Sunway. This panel can rate current up to 1000 A and it trip current may be adjustable. (Brain, M., Harris, W., & Lamb, R.,2015)

Figure 2.4.2.1: shows the MCCB in the Main Switch Room at Pinnacle Sunway.

Figure 2.4.2.2: shows Molded Case circuit breaker diagram.(How stuff works,2015)

2.4.3 Rubber Mats

Based on Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Electricity Regulation 1994, rubber mats are placed on the floor beside Main Switch Boards as a safety precaution for the maintenance crew or MSB users so to prevent human bodies to become a conductor for earthling during a high voltage current leak thus minimizing chances of fatal electric shocks.

Figure 2.4.3.1 shows the rubber mats are being used in Main Switch Board Room in Pinnacle Sunway.

2.5 Sub Switch Boards

A sub switch board’s function is part of the protection and prevention act to cut off the electric supply in the event of a power surge that may cause a trip. It makes sure to only affect the current level where the trip is by auto cutting off the electric supply. The sub switch boards are located on every three level to regulate the electricity that is being supplied by the main switch board to that level.( Electric switchboard,2014)

Figure 2.5.1 Sub Switch Board

2.6 Distribution Boards

A distribution board is a component of an electricity supply system which divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit, in a common enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in recent boards, one or more residual-current devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with overcurrent protection (RCBO), are also incorporated. A distribution board is a smaller panel board that has a similar function to a switch board, but for a distribution board, it is a sub division of electricity from the switch boards that supply for only a specific level in Pinnacle Sunway. If one of the office units in that particular floor needs repair in any electrical related matter, the other level of offices unit in that particular floor will not be affect. Within the distribution boards are switches which again sub divide the unit into smaller division where electricity is supplied, each switch is fitted usually with a fuse, so if any power surge, the electrical appliances will not be damaged. (Electric switchboard,2014)

Figure 2.6.1: shows Distribution Board

Figure 2.6.2 show the location of the Distribution Board and Sub switch board for typical floor.

2.7 Genset Room

A Genset room is a generator that helps to generate electricity if the building has any power failure. Genset room is located at Basement 3 at Pinnacle Sunway. The work of this generator is to provide electricity during blackout or power failure. (Electrical Rules and Calculations for Air-Conditioning Systems – Part Five,2014)

Figure 2.7.1: shows Diesel Generator.

Figure 2.7.2: Location of the Gen set room at Pinnacle Sunway Basement Level 3.

Placing a generator also important, it should be placed and be protected against harmful materials carried from air such as dust, thread, smoke. The ground also should be stable and flat. No authorized person must not enter the generator room and need a proper way to carry and install the generator at the room. Cooling and ventilation Motor and alternator release heat and cause increasing of ambient temperature. Increasing of temperature affects negatively working of the generator. For this reason, enough ventilation should be provided so as to keep cool motor and alternator. Air must enter the generator room by alternator; exist from the room by means of flexible bellows canvas made of tent canvas passing over the motor and through radiator. If a canvas is not used for ejecting hot air out of the room, fan reduces the efficiency of cooling via expanding hot air in the generator room. (Diesel Generator,2014)

Figure 2.7.3: Ventilation louvers to release hot air

2.8 Cable Tray System

In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric cables used for power distribution and communication. Cable trays are used as an alternative to open wiring or electrical conduit systems, and are commonly used for cable management in commercial and industrial construction. They are especially useful in situations where changes to a wiring system are anticipated, since new cables can be installed by laying them in the tray, instead of pulling them through a pipe. In Pinnacle Sunway, there are fire resistant cables, to hold and prevent the wiring from melting over time. Mineral Insulated Copper Clad (MICC) cables are special wiring which connects the generator to the Main Switch Board Room for fire emergency. (Cable Trays, Ladder Type Cable Trays, Perforated Type Cable

Trays, Junction Boxes, India,2015).

Figure 2.8.1: Cable Tray System

2.9 Bus Duct

Conductor bars are assembled with insulators in grounded enclosures. This assembly is known as bus duct, can be used for connections to large switchgear or for bringing the main power feed into a building. A form of bus ducts known plug-in bus is used to distribute power down the length of a building; it is constructed to allow tap-off switches or motor controllers to be installed at definite places along the bus. The advantage of using bus duct is it saves more space and requires less space than normal cable.( Bus Duct - Low Voltages Manufacturers Suppliers Oil & Gas , Oil And Gas Products,2015)

Figure 2.9.1: shows Bus duct in Pinnacle Sunway.

2.10 Electric Riser Room

The main are from Riser Rooms or Extended Distribution Boards are present. The electricity is distributed laterally through a series of cable tray system torisers around the building. (Electrical Rules and Calculations for Air-Conditioning Systems – Part Five,2015)

Figure 2.10.1: shows Electric

Riser in Pinnacle Sunway.

2.11 Underfloor Trunking System

The underfloor trucking system is provided at every typical floor in Pinnacle Sunway. The system comes with the underfloor termination box. On each termination box complete with:

a) 4 nos. of 13A power socket outlets c/w wiring.

b) 4 nos. provision ports for Cat 6 Jack (for Network data & telephone cable termination) (Electrical Rules and Calculations for Air-Conditioning Systems – Part Five,2015)

Figure 2.11.1: The placement of Underfloor Termination Box in typical floor.

Figure 2.11.2: Underfloor Termination Box.

2.12 Electrical Meter Base

An electrical meter base, also known simply as an electrical meter, measures how much energy an office business building uses so the electric company knows how much to charge. But the most common type of electrical meter is the electromechanical induction meter.( Electrical Rules and Calculations for Air-Conditioning Systems – Part Five,2015)

Figure 2.12.2: Shows the different placement of meter in typical floor.

Figure 2.12.1: shows the electrical meter base in Pinnacle Sunway.

2.13 Conclusion

According to Universal Building by Law (UBBL) , Pinnacle Sunway obeyed all the laws set in the electricity supply system. All components are built in accordance’s to the By Law and a placed correctly so that they can carry out their specific rolls. Based on the operation system from Pinnacle Sunway it can be concluded that the flow of electricity is as such where it is received at the TNB room where it is stepped down moves to the consumer switch room and then goes through the step down transformer before being distributed through the switch boards to individual floors. There distribution boards direct the power equally all over the floor to power points.

3. Mechanical Ventilation & Air Conditioning System


Ventilation is highly recommended and necessary in buildings to circulate or replace the air within a space or a room in order to increase the indoor air quality (IAQ), thus helping to moderate internal temperatures and replenishing oxygen, to reduce the moisture, odours, smoke, carbon monoxide and other contaminants accumulating in which those particles can build up during occupied periods, creating air movement which improves the comfort of occupants.

3.1.1 Air-Conditioning

Air conditioning is a process of adjusting the properties of air with the purpose to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality.

1. Refrigeration Cycle

Source: http://www.slideshare.net/NooruleInieOsman/air-conditioning-system

Fig 3.1.1 Diagram of the Refrigeration Cycle

2. Heat Pump

Source: http://98.233.241.142/ac.html

Fig 3.1.2 Diagram of the Heat Pump: Evaporation occurs outdoor and condensation occurs indoor;

Causing it to emit heat

3.1.2 Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical or forced ventilation normally occurs through an air handling unit (AHU) or direct injection to a space by a fan. A circulation that happens through a fan (e.g. a ceiling fan) creates internal air movement but not replacing the air inside.

1. Mechanical Extract Ventilation System A system that provides dedicated extraction from areas where moistures are generated.

Fresh outdoor air enters either through leakage routes of building envelope or through ventilation openings in building envelope. Fig 3.1.3 Mechanical Extract Ventilation

Source: http://www.ivia.ie/ventilation-‐systems-‐residential7.jp

2. Mechanical Supply Ventilation System A system that continuously deliver/ supply filtered air to a dwelling

Fig 3.1.4 Mechanical Supply Ventilation Source: http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/whole-house-ventilatio

3. Combined Mechanical Extract & Supply Ventilation System A balanced ventilation system

Fig 3.1.5 Combined Mechanical Ventilation System Source: http://www.ivia.ie/ventilation-systems-residential8.p m

3.2 Air Conditioning System

Centralized Air-Conditioning System at Sunway Pinnacle

The most common types of air conditioner are room air conditioner and centralized air conditioning system. While room air conditioner only cools one room or a small space, centralized air conditioning system cools air through a system of supply and return ducts that carry cool air from the air conditioner to the building.

Centralized Air-Conditioner basically consists of 3 major parts:

1. Air System – Air Handling Unit, Air Duct System, Terminals 2. Water System – Chilled Water System, Hot Water System, Condensed

Water System 3. Central Plant – Refrigeration (chiller) plant, Boiler plant

Source: http://www.betterbricks.com/graphics/assets/images/Building_Ops/BOpEqSysWaterDistributionSystem_1W.png

Fig 3.2.1 Air-Conditioning System

Fig 3.2.2 Air Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation System in Sunway Pinnacle

3.3 Air Handling Unit

According to ANSI/AHRI Standard 430-2009, Air Handling Unit (AHU) is a factory-made encased assembly consisting of a fan or fans and other necessary equipment to perform one or more of the functions circulating and cleaning, heating and cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying, and mixing of air.

Air handlers are connected to a duct work ventilation system that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU. The air supply that passes through AHU is filtered and is either heated or cooled depends on the specific duty and the weather conditions

Smaller air handling units, which mostly are for local use, are called terminal units. These terminal units are called blower coils or fan coil units and include an air filter, coil and a blower.

Makeup Air Unit (MAU) is a larger type of air handling unit that conditions outside air and no recirculated air, while the air handling units that are designed for outdoor usage are known as Packaged Unit (PU) or Rooftop Unit (RTU).

Different from most buildings, the cooling procedure in Sunway Pinnacle is done by chilled water process.

Fig 3.3.1 Air Handling Units (as shown

in picture) from level 3 to level 20

3.4 Chiller Plant System

A water chiller is defined as a mechanism to ease the heat exchange from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. Chilled water system, in terms of air conditioning, is mostly used to cools down the air within a building and its equipment, especially where there are many rooms that must be controlled separately, for example a hotel. A chiller system lowers to temperature of water to 40° and 45° Fahrenheit before the water is pumped to a location that needs to be cooled down.

Fig 3.4.1 Chilled water pipe system from level 4 to level 15 (As shown in the diagram)

3.5 Cooling Tower

A cooling tower rejected heat and extracts waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers are commonly applied to provide cooled water for air conditioning system, manufacturing system and electric power generation.

An open circuit cooling tower is described as an enclosed structure to distribute the warm water supplied to it over a packing or “fill”. The fill consists of multiple and vertical wet surfaces upon a thin layer of water spread.

A closed circuit cooling tower does not involve any contact with the air and the water or glycol mixture fluid. The air travels upward through the fill and opposite to the downward motion of the water.

There are 4 units of cooling tower available in Sunway Pinnacle. Two units re on duty while the other two stands as backup

List of cooling tower used in Sunway Pinnacle:

1. TCS 1200-2EG 2 CELL

2. TCS 1250-1EG 2 CELL

Fig 3.5.1 Cooling Tower in Sunway Pinnacle

Fig 3.5.2 2 types of cooling tower in Sunway Pinnacle

Fig 3.5.3 A unit of cooling tower in Sunway Pinnacle

3.6 Fan Coil Unit

Fan Coil Unit (FCU) consists of a heating or cooling coil and fan. It can be found in most residential, commercial or industrial buildings. It typically is not area where the installment happens or multiple spaces and is controlled by either manual switch or by a thermostat.

The fan coil unit is more efficient to install compared to ducting system or heating system with air handling unit due to its simplicity.

Fig 3.6.1 Fan Coil Room in Sunway Pinnacle

3.7 ACMV Features

3.7.1 Emergency Air Supply

In case of any power failure or fire accident within the building, a standby generator will take over and Building Control System (BCS) will activate the fresh air fan that is located at the roof to supply fresh air through the fresh air shaft to every level in the building including the staircase pathway.

Fig 3.7.1 Diagram of Air Supply Flow as shown in plan

3.7.2 Ducting Network System

Ducting system supplies the conditioned air throughout the conditioned spaces in a building.

Fig 3.7.2 Ducting System in Sunway Fig 3.7.3 Air Duct Cover in Sunway Pinnacle Pinnacle

Fig 3.7.4 Air Duct Piping in Sunway Pinnacle

3.8 UBBL By Law Regulations

According to Uniform Building By Laws 1984 Section 41: Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning

1) Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the relevant building by-laws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and heights of rooms may be waived at the discretion of the local authority.

2) Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered if in addition to the permanent air conditioning system there is provided alternative approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that within half-an-hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less that the stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period when the air conditioning system is not functioning.

3) The provisions of the Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings which are mechanically ventilated or air conditioned.

4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Third schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatories, water closets, bathrooms or corridors.

3.9 Conclusion

The ventilation systems in Sunway Pinnacle are mostly up to date. Cooling towers actively take turn and bring air into the whole building to keep it cool, thus the others stand by to conserve the energy as well as to prevent the air conditioning system from being overheated. The emergency air supplies are enough to support the building’s ventilation as well in case of power breakdown. The ventilation of Sunway Pinnacle has contributed enough implementation of better ventilation system for the thermal comfort of people inside the building.

4 Mechanical Transportation Systems


Mechanized vertical transportation systems have become a critical component in high-rise buildings. Any and all buildings that exceed one storey in height are required to provide staircases. Also, according to the Uniform Building By-Laws, Section 124, “for all non-residential buildings exceeding four storeys above or below the main access level at least one lift shall be provided.” As Sunway Pinnacle is a commercial, non-residential building exceeding four storeys in height, lifts are required as a means of movement between floor levels in the building.

The lift is a modern mechanical piece of technology that provides the service of lifting or lowering people and or items either upwards or downwards to the desired floor level. It serves to save people the energy and hassle of walking up and down the several staircases that could otherwise be extremely exhausting and time consuming. By installing lift systems, the means of mobility and accessibility are greatly expanded, and can allow for a more efficient and comfortable workspace.

The ideal performance of a lift includes its speed, the comfort of the interior, the smoothness of the movement of the lift, quick open and closing of the doors, and minimum waiting time at each floor.

Lift waiting areas, inclusive of the lobby requires the design of an architect to optimize the waiting experience of the passengers, both to embark on a lift ride, having just disembarked. The space must be large enough to contain a reasonable number of people in consideration of the expected occupancy of the building as a whole. Lift location must be optimal for access.

The number of lifts, as well as the ideal speed and efficiency of each lift is entirely dependent on the number of occupants expected to be in the building at any one time. For commercial buildings, weekdays are likely to invite the most number of people due to general working office hours. However, maintenance costs, initial building costs and so on must also be taken into consideration.

Maintenance of a lift system must be diligent and thorough, and the components must be kept in good condition, to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers utilizing the lift system. Lift systems must be built and implemented into the building in accordance with the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) to ensure safety and standardization of the mechanics of the lift system within the country.

4.2 Mechanical Vertical Transportation

4.2.1 Introduction and Function of a Lift

The Pinnacle Sunway is a high-rise office building of 25 floors. As a result, this building has two groups of lifts, and one fire lift for emergencies. The two groups of lifts are categorized into the “high zone” and the “low zone”. The low zone lifts cater for the ground floor up until the 13th floor, while the high zone lifts bring passengers from the ground floor up to the 13th to the 25th floor, skipping the low zone entirely. The fire lift opens its doors to all the floors, excluding the basement floors.

The lift serves to ease the transportation of passengers and goods across different floor levels. Access between floors is more efficient with the technology of lift systems.

According to the Uniform Building By-Laws, all lifts must have a fire alarm, in case of an emergency. There are usually hidden, for aesthetic purposes, but are nevertheless present in the elevator.

Figure 4.2.1 shows the Mezzanine floor, or the Ground floor’s floor plan. The lifts are located in the middle of the office building for easy access. The low-zone and high-zone lifts are located next to each other, but have their own separate lift lobbies, to avoid crowding and control human traffic in the area. The fire lift is slightly harder to access, and is made for emergencies. Both the green and yellow highlighted areas each take up approximately 8600mm by 9700mm, inclusive of the lift lobby space. Located outside the building is the basement car park lifts, which cannot go higher than the ground floor.

The entire elevator system takes up approximately 8600mm by 9700mm per system. This means that on the ground floor, it takes up double the space, plus the space for the fire lift.

Access to the lifts from the mezzanine floor, or the Ground floor, is restricted and only allowed if the person requiring access has an access card.

Figure 4.2.1: Excerpt from the Ground floor plan. The area highlighted in green shows the low-zone lifts, while the area highlighted in yellow shows the high-zone lifts, and the red area shows the fire lifts. The two lifts highlighted in blue

are the basement lifts. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.2.2: Plan of the lift system on the ground floor. This plan is only applicable to the low-zone and high-zone lift system. (The Pinnacle Sunway,

2015)

AS BUILT DRAWING

S D N B H D( 72256 - W )

DATE : CHECKED BY : SIGNATURE :

TEL: 03-40233522, 40237214, 40239971 FAX : 03-40210401, 4021533118 JALAN PAHANG BARAT, 53000 KUALA LUMPUR

saya bersetuju menerima tanggungjawab penuh dengan sewajarnya

Saya memperakui bahawa perinci-perinci di dalam pelan ini adalah menurut kehendak-kehendak Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan ( Wilayah Persekutuan) 1985 dan

CADANGAN PEMBANGUNAN 1 BLOK MENARA

- 24 TINGKAT RUANG PEJABAT

- 6 TINGKAT TEMPAT LETAK KERETA BAWAH TANAH

PEJABAT 24 TINGKAT YANG MENGANDUNGI ;

UNTUK FASA 3, DI ATAS SEBAHAGIAN LOT 42,

SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

( ARAS B1 HINGGA ARAS B6 )

UNTUK TETUAN SUNWAY CITY BERHAD.

MUKIM DAMANSARA , DAERAH PETALINGJALAN PJS 11 / 15 , BANDAR SUNWAY,

( ARAS BAWAH HINGGA ARAS 23 )

LEVEL 8, MENARA SUNWAY,JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY46150 PETALING JAYA SELANGOR D.ETEL : 03-5639 9333 FAX : 03-5639 9601

SUNWAY CONSTRUCTION SDN. BHD.

SUNWAY CITY BERHAD( 87564-X )LEVEL 3, MENARA SUNWAY, JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY, 46150 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSANTEL : 03 5639 9908 FAX : 03 5639 9992

LEVEL 3, MENARA SUNWAY, JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY, 46150 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSANTEL : 03 5639 9908 FAX : 03 5639 9992

SUNWAY CITY BERHAD( 87564-X )

SUNWAYCONSTRUCTION

- 3 RUANG MEZZANINE( MEZZANINE, PENTHOUSE MEZZANINE 1 DAN

PENTHOUSE MEZZANINE 2 )

M ITSUB I SH I ELEVATOR MALAYS IA SDN . BHD .(12660-U)

ELECTR ICM ITSUB ISH I

No . 42 , Ja l an Pencha l a , 46050 Pe t a l i ng Jaya ,Se l angor Daru l Ehsan, Ma l ays i aTe l : 603-7788 303 Fax : 603-7782 7807

Figure 4.2.3: Floor plan of the Penthouse, Level 25. The area highlighted in yellow is the high-zone lifts. Since the low-zone lifts do not come up to this level, the space that would otherwise be occupied by the low-zone lifts is now opened up for more usable floor space. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.2.4: Sectional view of the lift system for the low-zone lifts. (The

Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.2.5: Sectional view of the lift system for the low-zone lifts as well as the machine room at the top of the system.

(The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.2.5: Floor plan of the first basement level. Shown in blue are the two basement car park elevator systems. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

4.2.2 Operation of Lift System

The Pinnacle Sunway utilizes the “Gear-less Traction Elevator” lift systems. Every lift is connected with a computerized system, which can be monitored form the general control room on the Ground floor.

From the control room’s computer, staff can monitor at which floor every single lift is located. Fire alarms and fire detectors are in every lift car, and when it goes off, the control room is immediately notified. In addition, if any of the lift cars experience a problem with the lift regarding its movement, the control room computer can see it immediately. With any issues with the lift car, staff in the control room can see which lift are experiencing issues, and at which floor the elevator is located. A speaker system is also in place, for those

inside the lift to communicate with the control room, in case of an emergency.

Shown in Figure 4.2.6 and also Figure 4.2.7, is the lift’s safety box in the control room. In the case of an emergency, when the lift experiences itself shutting down or stopping, it can only be restarted back up manually by inserting a key into the keyhole that corresponds with the faulty lift. This is to ensure the safety of the passengers on board the lift car, so that the elevator is not restarted until it has been repaired and is ready to go.

Figure 4.2.6: Fire protection system in the control room. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

S D N B H D( 72256 - W )

DATE : CHECKED BY : SIGNATURE :

TEL: 03-40233522, 40237214, 40239971 FAX : 03-40210401, 4021533118 JALAN PAHANG BARAT, 53000 KUALA LUMPUR

saya bersetuju menerima tanggungjawab penuh dengan sewajarnya

Saya memperakui bahawa perinci-perinci di dalam pelan ini adalah menurut kehendak-kehendak Undang-undang Kecil Bangunan ( Wilayah Persekutuan) 1985 dan

CADANGAN PEMBANGUNAN 1 BLOK MENARA

- 24 TINGKAT RUANG PEJABAT

- 6 TINGKAT TEMPAT LETAK KERETA BAWAH TANAH

PEJABAT 24 TINGKAT YANG MENGANDUNGI ;

UNTUK FASA 3, DI ATAS SEBAHAGIAN LOT 42,

SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

( ARAS B1 HINGGA ARAS B6 )

UNTUK TETUAN SUNWAY CITY BERHAD.

MUKIM DAMANSARA , DAERAH PETALINGJALAN PJS 11 / 15 , BANDAR SUNWAY,

( ARAS BAWAH HINGGA ARAS 23 )

LEVEL 8, MENARA SUNWAY,JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY46150 PETALING JAYA SELANGOR D.ETEL : 03-5639 9333 FAX : 03-5639 9601

SUNWAY CONSTRUCTION SDN. BHD.

SUNWAY CITY BERHAD( 87564-X )LEVEL 3, MENARA SUNWAY, JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY, 46150 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSANTEL : 03 5639 9908 FAX : 03 5639 9992

LEVEL 3, MENARA SUNWAY, JALAN LAGOON TIMUR, BANDAR SUNWAY, 46150 SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

TEL : 03 5639 9908 FAX : 03 5639 9992

SUNWAY CITY BERHAD( 87564-X )

SUNWAYCONSTRUCTION

- 3 RUANG MEZZANINE( MEZZANINE, PENTHOUSE MEZZANINE 1 DAN

PENTHOUSE MEZZANINE 2 )

M ITSUB I SH I ELEVATOR MALAYS IA SDN . BHD .(12660-U)

ELECTR ICM ITSUB ISH I

No . 42 , Ja l an Pencha l a , 46050 Pe t a l i ng Jaya ,Se l angor Daru l Ehsan, Ma l ays i aTe l : 603-7788 303 Fax : 603-7782 7807

AS BUILT DRAWING

Figure 4.2.7: Manual lift start-up and phone communication in the control room. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.2.8: Phone communication system for the lift cars and the control room. Every lift car is represented so the staff can quickly recognize which lift

car is calling. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.2.9: Photograph of the computer screen inside the control room. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.2.10: Excerpt from the computer screen showing the location of all the lifts in

the low-zone and high-zone, as well as the fire lift. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.2.11: Excerpt from the computer screen showing the

status of the lifts. (Tee, 2015)

4.3 System Components

4.3.1 Lift System

The lift system is located inside the hoist way, and the main components are the lift car, motor, and the counterweight, which balances the weight of the lift car. The lift is an electric lift system, which means that it uses a hoisting sheave machine with a motor to move the lift car up and down.

Figure 4.3.1: Diagram showing the components of the lift system. Inside the hoist way, there are the hoisting ropes, door operator, shaft doors, car buffer,

car safety device, counterweight and the cab car rollers. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

In the hoist way, one of the most important parts of the lift system is the lift car. It is where passengers stay while the machine works to deliver them to a different floor level. Also on the lift car is the door system, which opens and close with the shaft doors to allow passengers to leave or to get on board the lift. The hoisting ropes connect the lift car to the counterweights, so as one drops lower, the other rises higher. The cab roller guides make the vertical movement of the lift car smoother and more comfortable for the passengers, and also makes sure the horizontal movement is limited, and that the lift car does not keep bumping into the sides of the hoist way. (Series GPM-III)

At the bottom of the hoist way, are some countermeasures to prevent accidents regarding the lift system from occurring. The car buffer is a reassurance that if the car falls, it will have a softened fall. (Series GPM-III)

The counterweight provides a sense of positive attachment to prevent the weights from falling. It is an incredibly important part of the lift system. (Series GPM-III)

Figure 4.3.2: Plan view of the lift car cage. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.3.3: Plans and sections of the lift car, along with the dimensions. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.3.4: The front view of the lift doors in the lift lobby. The diagram also shows the measurements for the doors and the hall accessories. (The Pinnacle

Sunway, 2015)

4.3.2 Machine Room

The machine room is located above the hoist way of the lift system. In the Pinnacle Sunway, the low-zone lifts’ machine room is located on the 15th floor, while the high-zone lift system’s machine room is located above the 25th floor, the penthouse level. The machine room is approximately 10070mm by 8200mm.

The machine rooms are all air-conditioned, to ensure that the machines do not overheat and risk the safety of the passengers and the rest of the building.

Figure 4.3.5: Plan showing the space of the machine room for the high-zone (in pink) and the machine room for the fire lift (in orange). (The Pinnacle

Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.3.6: Photograph of the machine and motor for the lift system. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.3.7: Inside the yellow cage is the lift’s governor. (Tee, 2015)

Shown in Figure 4.3.2 is the machine and motor for the lift system in the machine room for the low-zone lifts. The two external black drums are the brakes. These are actuated by a spring force and held open electrically. A power failure in the building will cause the brake to engage and prevent the elevator from falling and injuring the passengers. It also holds the lift car at the floor it is stopping on. The motor itself is responsible for the actual lifting and lowering of the lift car, and is therefore absolutely crucial to the process.

The lift’s governor is the last line of defense. It checks upon the movement and smoothness of the lift system.

The control system is all located in the machine room, as well as the control system for the hall accessories, which checks ID of those entering the lift system, to make sure security is strong.

4.3.3 Operating Panel

Entering the lift lobby itself requires an ID to allow access. However, even opening the doors to the lift requires an access card. The access card is slotted into the operating panel, and then the user will use the touch screen to select the desired floor level.

Figure 4.3.8: Photograph of the operating panel in the lift

lobby. (Tee, 2015)

Figure 4.3.9: Diagram of the operating panel in the lift lobby with

the measurements. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

The operating system from Mitsubishi is very advanced and allows the selection of optimum car allocation through rule-set simulations, destination oriented prediction system, allocation control, and energy saving operation. This allows the lift to become more efficient in getting people to their desired floor levels in the shortest time. (Al-2200C Artificial Intelligence System)

Figure 4.3.10: Diagram showing the operating panel inside the lift car. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

Figure 4.3.11: Diagram showing part of the operating panel inside the lift car, that shows the direction in which the lift is going. (The Pinnacle Sunway, 2015)

4.4 Design Consideration

4.4.1 Lift Car interior

The lift interior is sleek and modern. Subtle light fixtures illuminate the lift. It is not too bright or too dark.

By having a gear-less traction system for the whole lift system, the lift’s movement is very comfortable and smooth. The travel time is short and there is little noise.

4.4.2 Entrances

In the building’s lobby leads to the entrance to the high-zone and low-zone lift lobbies.

Figure 4.4.1: Photograph of the entrance to the lift lobbies. (Ong, 2014)

Figure 4.4.2: Entrance to the low-zone lift lobby. (Tee, 2015)

Each lift lobby has six lift entrances or exits. Natural light from the curtain wall across the lobby lights up the lobby and the lift lobbies. The walls and floors are tiled, and the lift doors and doorframes are made of aluminum.

Figure 4.4.3: Entrances of the lifts in the low-zone lifts. (Tee, 2015)

4.4.3 Hall Accessories

The hall accessories have a very professional aesthetic, and the touch-screen operating panel exudes a sense of forward technology.

Figure 4.3.11: Diagram showing part of the operating panel inside the lift car, that shows the direction in which the lift is going. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

Figure 4.3.11: Diagram showing part of the operating panel inside the lift car, that shows the direction in which the lift is going. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

4.5 Basement Lift System

The basement is comprised of the parking spaces for the all of Sunway Pinnacle. As a security measure, the lifts from the parking lots can only reach the Ground Floor, where the lobby is. However, as a result, the number of floors the basement lift must cater to is much less, and so the building utilizes a Machine-Room-Less lift system.

4.5.1 Machine-Room-Less system introduction

The Machine-Room-Less lift system used in The Pinnacle Sunway was designed and bought from Mitsubishi Electric. It is named the Diamond Trac. Diamond Trac is a gearless traction machine with the new permanent magnet motor. There are double brakes, which greatly reduce the level of torque ripple and ensure a smoother and quieter ride for the passengers. (Diamond Trac)

As the name suggests, this lift system does not require a room for its machines, but rather the machine is installed within the hoist way, above the lift itself. This is possible because the machine is miniaturized due to the fewer levels it serves. Since a machine room is no longer required, it allows the space to be used for other activities. (Diamond Trac)

Figure 4.5.1: Diagram showing the lift system from the top perspective view. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

4.5.2 Machine-room-less system components

The hoist way is the most important part of this lift and must be planned carefully, especially due to the extra space above required to accommodate the miniaturized machine. However, space between the car and the hoist way walls must also be considered carefully, as the openings in the hoist way must follow that of the lift car as it approaches all the floor levels. (Diamond Trac)

Figure 4.5.2: Diagram showing the hoist way plan and the hoist way section. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

Figure 4.5.3: Diagram showing a comparison of the location of the machine room and the system controls. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

Similar to the lifts for the low zone and high zone of The Pinnacle, Sunway, the lift car serves to contain passengers and safely transfer them to a different floor. This lift can hold up to 1500 kg in passenger weight.

The doors of the lift open from the center, and they open on two opposite sides of the lift (front and rear), as the door openings accessing the lobby floor and the basement floors differ.

Figure 4.5.4: Diagram showing the plan and measurements of the lift doors in the Diamond Trace elevator. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

4.5.2 Design Consideration

As a machine room is no longer required, there is more space that can be otherwise utilized by the architect to create more usable space. This lift is actually located outside the main doorway to the lobby, and is susceptible to the outdoor air quality.

With doorways that open both in the front and in the rear end, when the lift opens on the ground floor, only the front door opens. However for the other basement floors, only the rear doors open for passengers to enter or exit the lift car.

The hallway and car signal accessories are also very different. Instead of using the stylish and modern accessories as the other lifts inside the building, the accessories for the car and hallway signaling is much more simple and conventional looking. However this may be deemed are more appropriate due to the outdoor location of lift, which shows it is more durable and serves only the basement floors for the parking of cars.

By separating the basement lifts from the lifts inside the building, there is a greater sense of security. It also forces all staff and office workers that work in the building to walk through the glass door entrance to the lobby together.

Figure 4.5.5: The interior operating panel located inside the lift car for the

basement car park elevator. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

Figure 4.5.5: Operating panel in the lift lobby hall. (Mitsubishi, 2015)

Figure 4.5.6: Diagram of the interior operating panel located

inside the lift car for the basement car park elevator. (Mitsubishi,

2015)

4.6 Fire Lift System

The fire lift system has the same system as the low-zone and high zone lifts. However as its main concern is its ability to function during an emergency, the materials used are slightly different and also it can access every floor, from the low-zone to the high-zone.

4.7 Conclusion

The Pinnacle Sunway uses innovative lift technology from Mitsubishi. Mechanical vertical transportation is an important role in all high-rise buildings, especially an office building like the Pinnacle Sunway. The safety of the passengers is the main priority, as well as accommodating for the convenience of passengers.

Proper arrangement of the lifts and their locations are crucial, and placing the lifts in the middle of the building is common for its efficiency and convenience. It also funnels the traffic to the middle of the building, as opposed to one located at the edge of the building, which would disrupt the human circulation of the building.

Regular monitoring and maintenance ensures the safety of the components of the lifts and the comfort of the passengers.

According to the UBBL 1984, Section 153, all lift lobbies must provide smoke detectors. Also, lifts not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless it is incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time. The UBBL also states that lift lobbies should be large enough to allow the traffic to move in the two directions. In the UBBL, it states that a lift shall be provided for non-residential buildings that exceed four storeys above or below the main entrance. It is also essential in buildings less than four storeys if access for elder persons or the disabled is required. Minimum walking distance to the lift shall not exceed 45m. Lifts should be sited in the central area of a building to minimize the horizontal travel distance.

The Pinnacle Sunway has built in accordance with the Uniform Building By-Laws.

5 Sewerage and Sanitary System


Sanitary fittings or appliances can be classified under two headings:

1) Soil fitments: those which are used to remove soil water and human excretion such as water closets and urinals.

2) Waste water fitments: those which are used to remove the waste water from washing and the preparation of food including appliances such as wash basins, baths, showers and sinks. (Chudley, 1988)

5.1.1 Sanitary Components and Systems

All sanitary appliances are mostly made from impervious materials, not sound polluting, and easier to maintain. It is also created in a convenient shape fixed at suitable height as in Figure 5.1.1. A number of materials are available for most domestic sanitary fittings including:

1) Vitreous China: a white clay body which is vitried and permanently fused with a vitreous glazed surface when fired at a very high temperature generally to the recommendations of BS 3402. Appliances made from this material are non-corrosive, hygienic and easily cleans with a mild detergent or soap solution

2) Glazed fireclay: consists of a porous ceramic body glazed in a similar manner to vitreous china; they are exceptionally strong and resistant to impact damage but will allow water penetration of the body if the protective glazing is damaged. Like vitreous china, these appliances are non-corrosive, hygienic and easily cleaned.

3) Vitreous enamel: this is a form of glass which can be melted and used to available, the choice usually being one of personal preference. BS1188 gives recommendations for ceramic wash basics and pedestals and specifies two basic sizes. 6356 x 457 and 559 x 406. These basins are one-piece fitment having an integral overflow, separate waste outlet and generally pillar taps Figure 4.1.1. Wash basins can be supported on wall – mounted cantilever brackets, leg supports or pedestals. The pedestals are made from identical material to the wash basin and are recessed at the back to receive the supply pipes most manufacturers recommend that small wall mounted safety brackets are also used to the taps and the waste pipe from the bowl. Although pedestals are designed to fully support the wash basin, most recommend that small wall mounted safety brackets are also used. (Chudley, 1988)

Figure 5.1.1: dimension of lavatory basin

Figure 5.1.2: Shows WC pans and cisterns. Source: Chudley, R. 1987

5.2 Piping

Approved Document H sets out in detail the recommendations for soil pipes, waste pipes and ventilating pipes. These regulations govern such things as minimum diameters of soil pipes, material requirements, provision of adequate waste seals by means of an integral trap and non-integral trap, the positioning of soil pipes on the inside of a building, overflow pipe work and ventilating pipes. The only pipe work which is permissible on the outside of the external wall is any waste pipe from a waste appliance situated at ground floor level providing such a pipe discharges into a suitable trap with a grating and the discharge is above the level of the water but below the level of the grating. (Wise, 2006) Three basic pipe work systems are in use for domestic work, accordingly: 1.One-pipe system 2.Two-pipe system 3.Single stack system Whichever system adopts the functions has the advantage of quick, reliable and quiet removal of the discharges to the drains and remains constant. One-pipe system It consists of a single discharge pipe which conveys both soil and waste water directly to the drain. To ensure that water seals in the traps are not broken deep seals of 75mm for waste pipes up to 65mm diameter and 50mm for

pipes over 70mm diameter are required. To allow for unrestricted layout of appliances most branch pipes will require an anti-siphon arrangement. The advantage of this system is the flexibility of appliance layout; the main disadvantage is cost and generally the one-pipe system has been superseded by the more restricted. (Wise, 2006) This system has been applied in

Pinnacle Sunway. Figure 5.2.1: Shows One-pipe system

Figure 5.2.2: Schematic Diagram of Sewerage & Sanitary System of Pinnacle Sunway

5.3 Trap

The primary function of a trap is to provide a water seal between the drainage piping that connects to the outside sewer and the fixture. This water seal prevents entry into the building of odors, sewer gas and vermin from the sewer, via the fixture. All traps operate on the principle of siphonage. As water is added to the inlet end, an equal quantity of water leaves the outlet end, provided the pressures at both ends are approximately equal.

Figure 5.3.1: various type of fixture traps. Water closets (a) have integral traps. Other fixtures (b) normally use the p (1/2 s) trap. The drum trap (c) is prohibited because it is not self-cleaning. The full s trap (d) is not permitted because it may self-siphon if the outlet vertical leg fills with waste. The bell trap (e) is prohibited because it fouls easily.

Refer to Figure 5.3.1, only the P trap is acceptable by CODE. Traps must be self scouring, that is, self-cleansing. That means that all the polluted water that enters the inlet, with all the suspended particles of soap, dirt, waste and the like, must travel completely through the trap, leaving a seal of clean water. The drum trap has a tendency to collect material and will not self-clean. The bell trap and traps with moving parts tend to foul easily. The S trap will self-siphon as soon as the outlet leg fills with water. These traps are therefore, prohibited. A standard P trap may not be installed more than 24 inch below the fixture drain because the momentum of water falling from a greater height might destroy the trap seal by simply pushing all the water out of the trap. The length of the trap arm may not exceed that shown. (Figure 5.3.2). The reason for this limitation is to prevent self siphoning due to sloping of the trap arm to a point below the weir level of the trap. The trap would then self-siphon exactly like a full S trap. The limited trap arm length also ensures the adequate air movement that is required for proper venting and pressure equalizing. A fixture trap should be the same pipe size as the waste pipe to which it is connected. All traps must be accessible for cleaning and must have a cleanout plug, because sooner or later all traps need maintenance.

Figure 5.3.2: The maximum distance between the weir of a trap and the inside wall of the vent pipe to which it connects is specified by code. (Wise, 2006) The trap arm is sloped towards the waste pipe. It must never be so long that the flow of water will block the vent pipe. That is, the top of the vent connection must be above the trap weir. The minimum trap arm length, also specified by code, is two pipe diameters.

5.4 Venting

The purpose of venting each fixture trap is a widely understandable knowledge for this stage of the topic. It is required, however, to review and summarize the purpose and functioning of vent piping. First, it must be emphasized that, every vent extends through the roof into outside air. This is true for a vent extension of a soil/waste stack. The stack always extends into fresh air so that it can supply or exhaust air, as required by the flow of waste in the drain piping.

Venting performs the following functions:

a) It provides an air vent at each fixture trap. This ensures atmospheric pressure on the outlet side of the fixture trap. This, in turn, prevents the trap seal from being blown out or sucked out by pressures generated by drainage flow.

b) It provides a safe path to exhaust sewer gases and foul odours that come from the sewer connection via the drainage piping. Building vent piping acts as a sewer vent in the absence of a building trap and a street level fresh air vent.

c) It fills the drainage piping with fresh air, thus reducing odours, corrosion and the formation of slime in the piping. d) It aids in the smooth flow of drainage that occurs when air moves freely in a drain pipe.

Types of Vent

1) Individual vent - The simplest, most direct, most effective way of venting a fixture trap is to provide an individual vent for every trap. This vent arrangement is also called continuous venting and back venting. It is called continuous venting because the vent is a continuation of the drain to which it connects. It is called a back vent because the vent pipe extends up behind the fixture, and it called an individual vent because there is one for each fixture.

2) branch vent - A branch vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents to a vent stack.

3) Common vent - A common vent is a single vent that connects to a common drain for back to back fixtures

Figure 5.4.2: vent pipe of Pinnacle Sunway sewerage system

4) Stack vent - A stack vent is an extension of a soil stack to fresh air above the roof. This extension begins above the highest fixture branch connection. Stack venting is used principally in single family homes and on the top floor of multi-storey buildings.

Figure 5.4.2: schematic diagram of Pinnacle Sunway sewerage system

5.5 Manhole

Manhole is a small covered opening in a floor or pavement to allow a technical person to enter and to inspect the waste water leading into the city sewer. Its normal position would be near the streets or the outer boundary of its building.

In Pinnacle Sunway, the manhole is located near the main road of Persiaran Lagoon just in front of the office entrance.

Manhole closings are protected by a manhole cover, a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole. Those plugs are traditionally made of metal, but may be constructed from precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or other composite material.

Figure 5.5.1 : Locations of the manholes Figure 5.5.2 : Steel grate manhole

Figure 5.5.3 : Composite manhole Figure 5.5.4 : Precast concrete manhole

Manholes are usually outfitted with metal, polypropylene, or fibreglass steps installed in the inner side of the wall to allow easy descent into the utility

Figure 5.5.5 : Details of the construction of manholes

space. The access openings are usually circular in shape to prevent accidental fall of the cover into the hole.

Manholes are generally found in urban areas, in streets and occasionally under sidewalks. In rural and undeveloped areas, services such as telephone and electricity are usually carried on utility poles or even pylons rather than underground.

Analysis

1) Under Law Of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage, Building Act 1974, Section 56(1)

- Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil pipe state that: “no pipes used in the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for the purpose of carrying off soil and drainage from any privy or water closet or sullage water.”

2) Under Law of Malaysia Act 133 Street, Drainage, Building Act 1974, Section 57

- No water pipe, stack pipes or down spout used for conveying surface water from any premises shall be used or permitted to serve or to act as ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.

5.6 Conclusion

As a conclusion, the wastewater we produce is the factor behind the importance of a good sewerage system. The key role of the sewerage system is the properly direct human waste and odors away from the building and maintains the cleanliness of it.

Through careful analysis and recording, we have further studied the building’s sanitary and sewerage system and understand its function and vital system of the whole building. The sewerage system is also well hidden to provide hygienic environment to the overall building. And finally, we had concluded that the sewerage and sanitary services in the Pinnacle Sunway building is conform to the Building Laws of Malaysia.

6 Fire Protection Services


Active fire protection system are defined by IBC 202 as “approved devices , equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect a fire , activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire , or any combination thereof”. They are meant to work in conjunction with the building’s passive systems or fire-resistive construction to provide necessary protection for occupants of any building type. Systems such as fire-sprinklers, smoke-control systems, and smoke and heat vents respond to hazards with defined actions designed to suppress fires or provide for occupant safety and egress. Other systems such as fire alarms, fire extinguishers, and standpipe systems provide notification for egress or evacuation or auxiliary fire-fighting capabilities for the fire-service. An active fire-protection system in buildings regardless of typology is required for buildings above certain sizes and occupants load. IBC section 903 establishes these rules according to use groups and fire areas. Alternative fire extinguishing systems may be used when necessary, in accordance with IBC 904. Both active and passive fire protection systems are a crucial part in building construction and should not be compromised in any way for the sake of cost, convenience or design.

6.2 Active Fire Protection Service

6.2.1 Fire Detection System (Detectors)

Detectors are used to sense heat, fire or smoke (particles of combustion). The Detectors are connected to a central alarm system and is a key component in activating them.

Sunway Pinnacle is primarily equipped with smoke detectors which are placed in various places such throughout the building in accordance to the building codes. The total area of a room determines the number of smoke detectors used.

Figure 6.2.1 Smoke Detector

6.2.2 Fire Notification System

Fire Notification system is one of the systems categorized under active fire protection system. Fire Notification system consist of a number of components that alert occupants of a fire through visual and audio devices connected tone or more activation device.

6.2.2.1 Fire Alarm System

The main fire notification system used in Sunway Pinnacle is the fire alarm system which includes the fire alarm bells or alarm sounders which works together with the emergency lights when activated. The alarm bell and emergency lights can be activated automatically by the smoke detectors as well as manually using the manual call point. It can also be activated via the control room.

The emergency light provides visual support in cases which the alarm bell is ineffective in alerting people such as individuals with hearing impairment.

A manual call point is enables occupants to sound the alarm by breaking the frangible glass. All Call points mounted 1.4m from the floor and are placed accordingly for ease of access and maximum visibility. They can be primarily found near exits to open air. They are also placed on the entrances of staircases on each floor. The control panel is able to detect which floor an alarm is sounded.

Figure 6.2.2 Schematic diagram of the fire alarm system in Sunway Pinnacle

Figure 6.2.3 a fire alarm bell or alarm sounder.

Figure 6.2.4 a manual call point.

Figure 6.2.5 an emergency light together with a smoke detector and a fire sprinkler.

6.2.2.2 Fire Control Room

The Fire Control Room is used to ensure and manage the fire safety of the building. In accordance to the UBBL, the room is separated from the main building and is on the ground floor close to the main lobby, lifts and staircases. Its location ensures that it is not affected by the occupant traffic and noise coming from the main building for a smooth uninterrupted operation.

The fire control room is also conveniently combined with the security room which enables the security guards to monitor both the security and fire-safety of the building efficiently. The control room is equipped with a direct communication system to the nearest firefighting station (digital alarm communicator) which allows an immediate and direct communication with the Jambatan Bomba. Communication to all parts of the building is also possible from the fire control room.

Figure 6.2.6 Digital Alarm Communicator on a control panel

6.6.2.3 Fire Man Intercom

Fire intercom system provides a mean of communication between the Master Console, and the remote Handset Stations. The system consists of a remote handset station and Master control panel installed at the Fire Control Room. The Intercom handset stations are located at staircases of each floor in Sunway Pinnacle. An incoming call will trigger a call alert lamp to flash along with an audible signal on the master control panel.

6.2.3 Fire Suppression System

Fire suppression system provides a mean of extinguishing fire within a building. Fire Suppression system can be classified as manual or automatic.

6.2.3.1 Manual Fire Suppression system

Manual Fire Suppression system consists of devices which can be used by a person to extinguish fire. Sunway Pinnacle is equipped with fire extinguishers which can be found on all floors. A fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish or control small fires. It is not suitable for large scale emergencies which requires the skill of a fire department. The fire extinguishers discharges a fire extinguishing agent contained within a pressurized container.

Figure 6.2.7 portable fire extinguisher

The fire hose reel in Sunway Pinnacle is located in a recess along corridors. It is kept behind doors and is situated close to a fire extinguisher and a manual call point. The fire hose reel is a 45m long reinforced rubber hose. The length of the hose enables it to be used on all areas within a floor.

Figure 6.2.8 Fire Hose Reel

Sunway Pinnacle is also equipped with wet risers as its topmost floor is higher than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level. In Sunway Pinnacle, the wet risers are located at the lift lobbies and at the fire staircase exits. Wet risers can be used by the fire department to extinguish fire and can cover a large area. Large amount of water is discharged at a high pressure from a canvas hose. Wet risers are always pressurized with water from the water tank in the fire pump room via the wet riser pipes. Jockey pump, duty pump and standby pump in the pump room channel the water from the water tank to the hoses.

Figure 6.2.9 Wet Riser Stand Pipes

External fire hydrant system consists of hydrants connected to a same pipeline. The other end of the pipeline is attached to the pumps and water supply tank of the firefighting room. The pipeline network is located underground. In case of an emergency in which more water is needed, the fire hydrant is used. The fireman connects their equipment to the outlets of the hydrant, forcing water into the system. When a hydrant valve is opened, the system experiences a drop in water pressure. The drop in water pressure is detected by a pressure switch which is turn starts the booster pumps, drawing water from the water supply to increase the water pressure of the system. The fire hydrant is located within 600 feet of the building.

Figure 6.2.10 External Fire Hydrant

6.2.3.2 Automatic Fire Suppression System

The main automatic fire suppression system used in Sunway Pinnacle is the fire sprinkler system. The fire sprinkler system consists of sprinkler head which discharges water from the water supply tank through the water distribution piping when triggered. The distance between two sprinkler head is 4 m wide and 3 m high.

Fire and excess heat, will cause the affected sprinkler head glass bulb to break and water will spray from the sprinkler head. Pressure in the pipeline will drop and once the pressure drop below the preset value, the pressure switch will activate and the pump set will automatically run to supply more water. This will then be followed by the sounding of the fire alarm.

Figure 6.2.3 The sprinkler head (piping hidden)

6.3 Passive Fire Protection System

In addition to the active fire protection system, Sunway Pinnacle also utilizes passive fire protection systems. Passive fire protection system included the compartmentalization of the buildings and the use of fire-resistant materials .

6.3.1 Fire Evacuation System and Escape Route

Fire Evacuation system functions as an alternative route which lead occupants outside of the building to safety away from the fire. The escape route of the 13th floor of Sunway Pinnacle leads the occupants to the assembly point, at which they can either use the fire lift or the escape staircase which further leads them to the ground floor where they are to proceed to a fire protected area outside and away from the building.

The exit doors are located on the outermost area, to prevent it from immediate damage in case of a fire. The fire doors are located in the lift lobby and in front of the entrance to the fire staircase. The doors are standard fireproof doors which has a 1 inch layer of fire-resistant material. The exit doors uses a hydraulic spring is 1 hour fire rated.

Figure 6.3.1 Fire Exit Door With the ‘Keluar’ (exit) sign

Fire escape staircase allows the occupants of the building to escape the building to a safe area or assembly point. The width of staircase is consistent all the way to the exit. It has total of 30 steps from one level to another. The width of the staircase (1350mm) allows the stairs to be used by two person at the same time. The height of riser 175mm and the tread is 290mm with 1m high railings. The staircase is constructed out of nonflammable materials in accordance to the law.

Fire Lifts are located at the lift lobby and are cladded with marble tiles. The marble tiles are fire resistant and helps in slowing down the spread of fire.

Figure 6.3.2

6.4 Conclusion

Based on the Universal Building by law, it can be concluded that Sunway Pinnacle satisfy the fire protection requirements. Both Active and passive systems are used conforming to the written law. Each components works in conjunction with each other to ensure the safety of its occupants which is a crucial aspect in any functioning building of any type. The proper implementation of the fire-protection system from detection to notification to the suppression of fire in accordance to the law is important as it may potentially save the life of many especially in large scale buildings such as the Sunway Pinnacle where the expected large number of occupancy also increases the chance of an emergency occurring. Sunway Pinnacle can be used as an example of a building which is carefully designed and remains within the law as a result.

References:

Introduction

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1 Cold Water Supply System

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3 Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

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5 Sewerage and Sanitary System

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6 Fire Protection Systems

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Group Photo in the Control room of Pinnacle Sunway

building services project 1

Education

protection system

system components

system introduction

evacuation system

suppression system

notification system

alarm system

detection system