built environment research update - intertek filebuilt environment research update ... –...

Built Environment Research Update

2012 Small Wind

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Association of Testers International Conference

Jason Fields, National Wind Technology Center,

April 25, 2012 Ithaca, NY

Introduction

Personal Background– Mechanical Engineer, TTU WISE– Consulting Engineer,

Black & Veatch– Wind Engineer, NREL

Personal experience with over 2500 MW of wind projects

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

NREL Deployment & Market Transformation

– Applied Support Work– Barrier Reduction– Outreach– R&D

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NREL – US FFRDC

• Federally Funded Research & Development Center• Independent, objective, nonprofit Government advisers• High level of technical excellence and expertise• Administered by academia or non profit agency• Operated in a wide range of industries

• Defense• Energy


• Aviation• Space• Health & Human Services• Taxes

• Examples: NREL, NCAR, LLNL, Sandia, JPL, etc . . .

NREL – Key Metrics

• Mission Statement:NREL develops renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies and practices, advances related science and engineering, and transfers knowledge and innovations to address the nation's energy and environmental goals.

• Covers all renewable technologies• ~2500 people, ~150 wind, ~ 250 Solar


• ~2500 people, ~150 wind, ~ 250 Solar• Multiple Facilities

• HQ-Golden, CO• National Wind Technology Center-Boulder,CO• Blade Test Facility-Boston, MA

NREL Wind Facilities• HPC Facilities(15k cores x 2)• Existing Multi MW Interconnect• Blade Test Facility (50m)• Dynamometer Facilities

• 275kW• 2.5MW• 5.0MW

• Utility Scale Wind Turbines


• Utility Scale Wind Turbines• GE 1.5 MW SLE (DOE)• Siemens 2.3 MW-101• Alstom 3 MW-100• Gamesa 2.0 MW G97

• Meteorological Towers• M2-80m long-term data record• M4-135m high resolution inflow tower• M5-135m high resolution inflow tower

What is Built Environment?

Wind Turbines installed in the urban environment

• Building Mounted• Surface Mounted near Buildings• Existing design standards

not intended for urban environment • Existing test protocols

not intended for urban environment


not intended for urban environment

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Built Environment Wind Turbines

Benefits• Clean & Renewable• Visibility• Distributed Generation

Challenges• Safety• Reliability


• Reliability• Performance & Economics

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Bahrain World Trade Center

Photo from iStock/6924031

Let science answer the questions!

BEWT-NREL Approach

Study

Research Deployment

Publications

Tools

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8

MeasureModelOutreach

BEWT-Study

Literature Search• Existing Small Wind Standards

• AWEA• BWEA• IEC 61400-2

• Previous BEWT Studies• Warwick Wind Trials• NREL BEWT Roadmap


• Beller Thesis (DTU)

• Wind Engineering• ASCE 7

• Survey of existing turbine designs

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Beller Thesis Cover(DTU)

BEWT-MeasureIndex Topic

3.56 Wind profile, wind shear law

3.6 Wind speed distribution

6.2 SWT classes

6.3.1 Inclination flow

6.3.2.1 Wind speed distribution

6.3.2.2 Normal Wind profile model (NWP)

6.3.2.3 Normal Turbulence Model (NTM)

What, Where, and How?

The What• Resource Characterization


6.3.3.2 Extreme Wind Speed Model (EWM)

6.3.3.3 Extreme Operating Gust (EOG)

6.3.3.4 Extreme direction Change (EDC)

6.3.3.5 Extreme Coherent Gust (ECG)

6.3.3.6Extreme Coherent gust with Direction

Change(ECD)

• Resource Characterization• Inflow Angle• Turbulence• 3D Wind

• Turbine Response• Yaw rates• Vibration• Power production

BEWT-Measure

WhereBEWT Case Mount Exposure Configuration Location Hub height

Rotor

diam.

m m

1 (Control a) Ground Open3 bladed HAWT-

downwindNREL NWTC 16 3.7

2 (Control b) Ground Open VAWT NREL NWTC

3 Ground Urban HAWT CO 16 3.7

4Building

TopMount Urban HAWT OR 16 3.7


5Building

SidemountUrban HAWT TBD 16 3.7

6Building

IntegratedUrban HAWT TBD 16 3.7

7 Ground Urban VAWT TBD

8Building

TopMount Urban

VAWT TBD

9Building

Sidemount Urban

VAWT TBD

10Building

IntegratedUrban

VAWT TBD

BEWT-Measure

Where


Photo by Joe Smith, NREL/PIX

NREL NWTC Control Case

Example Field Case 3



BEWT-Measure

How

Instrument Suite

3-axis Sonic Anemometer

Yaw Encoder

Acceleratormeter

Strain Gages


Strain Gages

Temperature

Barometric Pressure

Wetness Sensor

(Ice Detection)

Power transducer

Datalogger &

Communications

BEWT-Model

Design, Testing & Siting• TurbSIM or

CFD(LES/URANS)• FAST Aeroelastic Model• HAWT & VAWT

reference cases


• Wind field = U (y,z,t)

• Unsteady wind shear superimposed

• Rotational sampling effect increases effective wind fluctuations

BEWT-Stakeholder Input

Community Needs?• Product Definition

• Publications• Tools• Workflow• Outreach


• Study Areas• Planning for IEA Task 27

overlap• HAWT Vs VAWT• Resource Assessment

Contact Information

Jason FieldsNREL-NWTC

Deployment & Market Transformation

[email protected]


303-384-7150http://www.nrel.gov/wind/

built environment research update - intertek filebuilt environment research update ... –...

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