bulkheads disrupt ecological connections between aquatic and … · 2020. 4. 3. · 17 may 2015 . 2...
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Bulkheads disrupt ecological connections between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Sarah M. Heerhartz, PhD
Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group 17 May 2015
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Graphics created using ArcGIS 10.1
• Armored-unarmored beach pairs • Focus of my research: aquatic-terrestrial
linkages
Armoring = 27% of total shoreline length
Study location: Puget Sound
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Variability in types of armoring structures
RANGE OF ELEVATIONS: 1.97 m – 4.72 m MLLW
VERTICAL CONCRETE
VERTICAL RIPRAP
VERTICAL WOOD
SLOPED RIPRAP
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Methods
Beach profiles Wrack and log surveys
4 Snorkel surveys Bird surveys Wrack invertebrates
3 STUDY YEARS, SAMPLING IN SPRING AND FALL
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Snorkel surveys
Bird surveys
Beach wrack and inverts Width of
log line Max elevation
MLW
Beach width
= DECREASE
= CHANGE
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Beach wrack and nearshore food webs
Terrestrial
Aquatic
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Logs
Beach hoppers
Beetles Flies
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Terrestrial
Aquatic
Shoreline armoring and nearshore food webs
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Terrestrial
Aquatic
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Aquatic-terrestrial connectivity is an important component of Puget Sound nearshore food webs
Conclusion
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Questions???
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Restoration example: Seahurst Park
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“Restoration” example: Olympic Sculpture Park