bush geopolitics,simon dalby

8/8/2019 Bush Geopolitics,Simon Dalby

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Geopolitics, Empire and the BushDoctrine

Simon Dalby

Carleton Universitywww.carleton.ca/~sdalby


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Geopolitics

The world is actively spatialized, divided up, labeled,

sorted out into a hierarchy of places of greater or lesser

importance by political geographers, other academicsand political leaders. This process provides the

geographical framing within which political elites and

mass publics act in the world in pursuit of their own

identities and interests

(John Agnew, Geopolitics 2003, p. 3).


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Ages of Geopolitics

Civilizational (1825-1875)

European Dominance Naturalized (1875-1945)

"Darwinist" competition

Ideological (1945-1990) Cold War Duality

Globalization (1990- )

(New) Imperialism?


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"New World Order - 1991" Geor ge Bush Sr., Cheney, Wolfowitz etc

War on Iraq - 1991

Pre-eminence - Defense Guidance 1994-99

"We won" the cold war

Never again be vulnerable

Dissuade competition

RMA/Strategic superiority

Pax Americana


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"Globalized" Violence in 1990s End of Bloc divisions

U.N./Territorial Covenant? (Gulf War)

New wars

Somalia, Bosnia, Sierre Leone, Kosovo,

East Timor .

Drug wars

Terrorism

"Ecowars"


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The "Bush" Doctrine Deterrence no longer works

With "us" or with the terrorists

"Rogue" states/ "axis of evil"

"Exercising power without conquest"

Pre-eminence Pre-emption

"Prevention"

"Global War on Terror"


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"Calling 911" "Global" terror not global at all

Saudi radicals - Bin Laden etc.

Land of the two holy places/infidels

US/911 as horizontal escalation

Imperial centre and regional rulers Saudi Arabia and oil/Resource Wars

Analogy with Rome?


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Defense Strategy 2005While the security threats of the 20th century

arose from powerful states that embarked

on aggressive courses, the key dimension of

the 21st century globalization and the

potential proliferation of weapons of mass

destruction mean great dangers may arisefrom relatively weak states and ungoverned

areas. (p. 1.)


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Defense Strategy 2005America is a nation at war

Strategic Objectives

Secure US for direct attack (extremists, WMD)

Secure strategic access, freedom of action

Strengthen alliances and partnerships

Establish favorable security conditions


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Defense Strategy 2005

Mature and Emerging Challenges

Traditional

Irregular

Catastrophic (WMD)

Disruptive (cyber weapons, space etc.)


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Defense Strategy 2005 Accomplish Objectives

Assure allies and friends

Dissuade potential adversaries (developing our own key military advantages)

Deter aggression and counter coercion

(rapidly deployable forces; resolve conflicts

decisively on favorable terms

Defeat adversaries

(at the time, place, and in the manner of ourchoosing)


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Defense Strategy 2005, Forces

Defend the US Homeland

Operate in four forward regions Europe

Northeast Asia

East Asian Littoral

Middle East Southwest Asia Swiftly Defeat Adversaries

Conduct lesser contingencies


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2003

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Defense Strategy 2005, Geography

Facilities

Main Operating Bases

Forward Operating Sites

Cooperative Security Locations

Global Sourcing and Surge

Combatant commanders dont own units

Legal Arrangements (ICC exempt!)


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Barnett's "Core" and "Gap" Globalization inevitable

American lead program

Economic freedom

"Disconnection" the enemy

Forcible regime change

Strategy of "Shrinking the Gap"

Leviathan forces

System administrators/peacekeepers


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The Pentagon's New Map


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Empire! Imperialism as denunciation

Mann Incoherent Empire

Rome analogy Calling 911

Rome, Britain and now US

Fer guson/ Empire & Collossus

Hardt and Negri Empire & Multitude Globalization and Sovereignty

Double exception


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Empire of Disorder?This power which refused to conquer the world, only seeks to fill its

own pockets. We are confronted with a global power that takes

infinitely varied local forms while refusing to think of local variety

except in terms of temporal uniformity; and it succeeds thanks to itsability to establish norms, not to conquer. It is now trying to sustain

this unconquered empire by shirking the requirements that

Machiavelli outlined: the obligation to enrich the conquered peoples

as much as the conquerors.

(Alain Joxe, Empire of Disorder 2002 p. 81)


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Empire of Disorder? US military strategy

Supremacy and preemption doctrine

War on terrorism

US policing/drug wars

Rule without conquest International economic institutions

Resource flow security?


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Rome and America? Grain/ petroleum

Pax/ justice/ order

Legions and garrisons

Militarised culture

Hegemony? Civilisation and salvation

Which religious analogy?


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Britain and America? Fer guson historical comparisons?

Navy and global trade?

Finance capital? Industrial production?

Communications: telegraph vs. internet?

India?

Singapore? Canada?

Australia?


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Current Research Questions How does Bush Doctrine play in

India

Australia Canada

Singapore

Implicit and explicit geopolitical specifications?

Military role in globalization?

Elucidation of politics of Empire


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Geopolitics, Empire and the BushDoctrine

Simon Dalby

Carleton Universitywww.carleton.ca/~sdalby

bush geopolitics,simon dalby

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