business research methods (brm) - neville wadia

Business Research Methods(BRM)

Chapter 1Foundations of Research

1. Which of the following is the characteristic of research?(a) Search for knowledge (b) Objectivity(c) Scientific process (d) All the above

2. Business research is ____________.(a) About statistical analysis(b) Always complex and difficult to understand(c) About investigating some aspect of business(d) Not really relevant

3. Research can help business organizations to ____________.(a) Solve business problem (b) Take decisions.(c) Decide strategy and plans (d) All the above

4. Research can be used by organizations ____________.(a) Doing business of consumer durables or nondurables(b) Doing business of industrial products(c) Providing services(d) All the above

5. Research is an expensive, sophisticated process that is often beyond the reach of smallbusinesses with their limited budgets.(a) True (b) False

6. Research can be used by ____________.(a) Small-scale organizations (b) Medium-scale organizations(c) Large-scale organizations (d) All the above

7. Research can be applied in which of the following functional area of business?(a) Marketing (b) Finance(c) HRM (d) All the above

8. The researcher should never report flaws in research design and estimate their effect on thefindings.(a) True (b) False

88 All in One Multiple Choice Questions

9. Which of these is not a characteristic of a good research?(a) Purpose clearly defined (b) Scientific research process(c) Research design thoroughly planned(d) Findings presented ambiguously

10. To qualify research, the research process must be systematic. This means researcher tries to:(a) minimize the effect of other factors affecting the relationship among those factors

considered.(b) make sure that whatever is concluded in the findings is correct and could be verified by

others.(c) ensure that conclusions are drawn using hard evidence gathered from collected

information.(d) follow a certain logical sequence in adopting the procedures needed to undertake an

investigation11. Research methodology can is similar to undertaking a journey. It can be thought of as:

(a) an attempt to discover or establish a relationship between two or more aspects of asituation.

(b) structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable methods.(c) the path to finding answers to your research questions.(d) having a clear-cut goals that have a clear path to follow in order to achieve them.

12. To qualify research, the research process must be empirical. This means researcher tries to(a) minimize the effect of other factors affecting the relationship among those factors

considered.(b) make sure that whatever is concluded in the findings is correct and could be verified by others.(c) ensure that conclusions are drawn using hard evidence gathered from collected

information.(d) follow a certain logical sequence in adopting the procedures needed to undertake an

investigation.13. Identify the characteristics of research:

1. Systematic 2. Uncontrolled3. Rigid 4. Empirical5. Elastic

(a) 2, 3, 4 (b) 1, 2, 5(c) 1, 4 (d) 3, 4, 5

14. Which system provides manager with current or ongoing information about events and trendsin business environment?(a) Business Intelligence (BI) (b) Business Knowledge (BK)(c) Business Ideas (BI) (d) Decision Support System (DSS)

15. Business Intelligence is everyday information about developments in the businessenvironment that assists managers in preparation of plans and strategies. This information isobtained from which of the following sources?(a) Customer feedback (b) Trade Journal(c) Newspaper articles (d) All of the above

89All in One Multiple Choice Questions

16. BIS collects information about current happenings in ____________.(a) Only Macro Environment (b) Only Micro Environment(c) Both Macro and Micro Environment (d) None of the above

17. The explosive growth of internet has accelerated the pace of information collection anddistribution. This dramatic growth is beneficial to which of the following tools?(a) Business Intelligence (BI) (b) Business Knowledge (BK)(c) Business Ideas (BI) (d) Busyness Intelligent (BI)

18. An interactive, computer-based information system that analyses data is ____________.(a) Transaction Processing System (b) Decision Support System(c) Executive Information System (d) Expert System

19. Which system supports decision-making?(a) Business Intelligence System (b) Decision Support System(c) Executive Information System (d) Expert System

20. Which one of the following is not a component of the Decision Support System?(a) Communications (b) Data(c) Display (d) Models

21. Which of the following is a characteristic of Decision Support System?(a) Interactive (b) User Friendly(c) Discovery Oriented (d) All the above

22. What are the two types of arguments?(a) Deduction and Induction (b) Exploratory and Deductive(c) Dejection and Injection (d) None of the above

23. Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a general conclusion from a set ofpremises?(a) Rationalism (b) Deductive Reasoning(c) Inductive Reasoning (d) Probabilistic

24. Which scientific method is a top-down or confirmatory approach?(a) Deductive method (b) Inductive method(c) Hypothesis method (d) None of the above

25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the scientific method?(a) Deterministic (b) Rationalism(c) Empirical (d) Abstraction

26. Observable experience in research is also called as ____________.(a) Generalisation (b) Unknown phenomena(c) Causal experience (d) Empirical evidence

27. Empiricism is based on ____________.(a) Experimentation (b) Observation(c) Experience (d) All the above


28. The step-by-step process by which the research project is conducted is known as:(a) The research process(b) The process of describing research(c) The process of developing research ideas(d) The process of gathering data for a research project

29. Research process has following stages. What is the correct sequence of them?1. Research Proposal 2. Data Collection3. Research Reporting 4. Data Analysis and Interpretation5. Define Problem 6. Research Design

(a) 1,2,3,4,5,6 (b) 5,6,2,4,3,1(c) 5,6,1,2,4,3 (d) 5,1,6,2,4,3

30. The first step in the research process is the:(a) Development of the research plan(b) Survey of stakeholders to find if problems exist(c) Collection of the available sources for needed information(d) Definition of the problem

31. What should a business researcher do once he or she has defined the problem?(a) Collect the information (b) Data analysis(c) Develop a research plan (d) Develop a data collection instrument

32. Which of the following is not a step in research process?(a) Develop a research plan (b) Define the problem(c) Evaluate the competitor strategies (d) Data analysis

33. Adequate analysis of the data is the least difficult phase of research for the novice.(a) True (b) False

34. Which is typically the most expensive step of business research process?(a) Problem definition (b) Developing the research plan(c) Data collection (d) Data analysis

35. Which step in the business research process is generally considered to be the most prone toerrors?(a) Problem Definition (b) Data Analysis(c) Questionnaire Design (d) Data Collection

36. A management dilemma triggers the need for a research.(a) True (b) False

37. Research really begins when the management experiences ____________.(a) Turmoil (b) Difficulty(c) Confusion (d) Emotions


38. In the research process, the management question has the following critical activity insequence.(a) Origin, selection, statement, exploration and refinement(b) Origin, statement, selection, exploration and refinement(c) Origin, exploration, selection, refinement, and statement(d) Origin, exploration, refinement, selection and statement

39. There are following three types of problems. What is the sequence in which they areformulated?

1. Investigation Problem 2. Research Problem3. Management Problem

(a) 1,2,3 (b) 2,3,1(c) 3,1,2 (d) 3,2,1

40. Which of these is a precisely-defined problem definition?(a) Why are current sales so poor?(b) Will additional advertising have a positive impact on sales?(c) Are we in compliance with current local pricing legislation?(d) What per cent of adults recall an ad two days after it appeared?

41. Which problem is derived from management problem?(a) Research Problem (b) Investigation Problem(c) Measurement Problem (d) None of the above

42. Which problem is derived from research problem?(a) Management Problem (b) Investigation Problem(c) Measurement Problem (d) None of the above

43. The focus of management problem is on ____________.(a) Information needed (b) Action or Intension(c) Decision required (d) Both b and c

44. The focus of research problem is on ____________.(a) Information needed (b) Areas of investigation(c) Decision required (d) Action or Intension

45. A research proposal is also known as:(a) Work plan (b) Outline(c) Draft plan (d) All of the above

46. The purpose of research proposal is to:(a) To get approval from management regarding research.(b) To present question to be researched and its importance.(c) To outline how research will be conducted to solve the problem.(d) All the above.


47. A research proposal made by the staff of the company is called ____________.(a) External Research Proposal (b) Internal Research Proposal(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

48. The one which will appear in a research proposal is ____________.(a) Business Objective (b) Research Objective(c) Marketing Objective (d) Creative Objective

49. In order to acquaint yourself with the knowledge in the research area of interest, you arerequired to:(a) Do literature review (b) Do a survey in the research area.(c) Formulate the research questions. (d) All the above.

50. The following is included in the research proposal.(a) Resources Required (b) Research Problem(c) Research Plan (d) All the above

Answer Key of Chapter No. 1

1. (d) 11. (c) 21. (d) 31. (c) 41. (a)2. (c) 12. (c) 22. (a) 32. (c) 42. (b)3. (d) 13. (c) 23. (c) 33. (b) 43. (d)4. (d) 14. (a) 24. (a) 34. (c) 44. (a)5. (b) 15. (d) 25. (d) 35. (d) 45. (d)6. (d) 16. (c) 26. (d) 36. (a) 46. (d)7. (d) 17. (a) 27. (d) 37. (a) 47. (b)8. (b) 18. (b) 28. (a) 38. (a) 48. (b)9. (d) 19. (b) 29. (d) 39. (d) 49. (a)10. (d) 20. (a) 30. (d) 40. (d) 50. (d)


Chapter 2Research Design

1. What is a research design?(a) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.(b) The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.(c) A scientific plan for the collection and analysis of data.(d) The style in which you present research findings.

2. The following is included in research design:(a) Type and sources of data (b) Data collection method and instrument(c) Sampling design (d) All the above

3. Which one of the following is not a feature of the good research design?(a) Effective (b) Rigid(c) Scientific (d) Efficient

4. The distinction between quantitative and qualitative data in social research is ____________.(a) theory and method (b) good data and less good data(c) numerical and non-numerical data (d) philosophy and religion

5. Quantitative data is in the form of:(a) Images (b) Numbers(c) Attitudes (d) Impressions

6. In quantitative approach generally which logic is used?(a) Inductive logic (b) Deductive logic(c) Predictive logic (d) None of the above

7. ____________ approach generally uses non-probability sampling method.(a) Qualitative (b) Quantitative(c) Causal (d) None of the above

8. Conclusions from quantitative research are ____________.(a) More certain than that of qualitative research(b) of little practical use(c) Seldom defensible(d) of descriptive value only

9. ____________ approach uses rigorous statistical analysis.(a) Quantitative (b) Qualitative(c) Exploratory (d) All the above

10. Qualitative data is measured ____________.(a) Objectively (b) Subjectively(c) Precisely (d) Accurately


11. Which is an example of qualitative data?(a) Sales (b) Inventory(c) Profit (d) Emotions

12. What does qualitative data measures?(a) Satisfaction (b) Perception(c) Attitude (d) All the above

13. ____________ is the term used to describe combination of approaches or techniques in aresearch.(a) Triangulation (b) Combination(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

14. ____________ research is the research which explores and searches information to provideinsights and understanding of the problem situation or phenomena.(a) Exploratory (b) Descriptive(c) Causal (d) None of the above

15. The purpose of ____________ research is to help in the process of developing a clear andprecise statement of the research problem rather than in providing a definitive answer.(a) Marketing (b) Causal(c) Exploratory (d) Descriptive

16. The main kinds of observation methods used in data gathering are:(a) Near observation and distant observation(b) Participant observation and non-participant observation(c) Close observation and distant observation(d) Researcher observation and non-researcher observation

17. In an undisguised observation respondents are unaware about the fact that they are beingobserved.(a) True (b) False

18. In a focus group:(a) The researcher facilitates a group of people in focusing on and discussing the

phenomenon.(b) The researcher interviews a group of people.(c) The researcher interviews one person.(d) The researcher photographs a group of people.

19. What is the role of the moderator in a focus group?(a) To stimulate discussion and keep the conversation on track.(b) To ask leading questions and dominate the discussion.(c) To sit away from the group and observe their behaviour.(d) To evaluate the group's performance on a particular task.


20. In experienced survey, data is collected from experts or experienced people.(a) True (b) False

21. The depth interview is ____________ in which the interviewee is encouraged to talkextensively.(a) Structured Interview (b) Focus Interview(c) Unstructured Interview (d) Telephonic Interview

22. Projective Techniques are embedded in depth interviews.(a) True (b) False

23. Which word comes to your mind when you think of ‘Mercedes Benz’? This question isexample of which projective technique?(a) Association (b) Completion(c) Construction (d) Expressive

24. In ____________ projective techniques, individual is presented with a verbal or visualsituation and asked to relate the feelings and attitude of other people with the situation.(a) Association (b) Completion(c) Construction (d) Expressive

25. Exploratory research is a conclusive type of research.(a) True (b) False

26. The following are the qualitative techniques used for exploratory research except:(a) Observation (b) Focus Group(c) Projective Techniques (d) Experiment

27. Descriptive Research Design is ____________.(a) Structured (b) Unstructured or Flexible(c) Can be a or b (d) Can’t say

28 Which of the following technique is best suitable for descriptive research?(a) Observation (b) Depth Interviews(c) Focus Group (d) Survey

29. The following is type of descriptive research.(a) Cross-sectional Research (b) Longitudinal Research(c) Both a and b (d) Causal Research

30. What is a cross-sectional design?(a) A study of two or more sections of society.(b) The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time.(c) A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time.(d) A study which is repeated over an extended period of time.

31. In which type of descriptive research one can measure changes of behaviour of same sampleof respondents about same variables over a period of time?(a) Cross-sectional research (b) Longitudinal Research(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above


32. When we try to explain the cause and effect relationships among variables, the research iscalled____________.(a) Exploratory Research (b) Descriptive Research(c) Causal Research (d) Qualitative Research

33. Causal research is ____________.(a) Exploratory study (b) Longitudinal study(c) Cross sectional study (d) Experimental study

34. In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to identify the effect produced by the____________.(a) Dependent variable (b) Extraneous variable(c) Independent variable (d) Confounding variable

35 In social research the causal relationships are ____________.(a) Deterministic (b) Probabilistic(c) Can be a or b (d) None of the above

36. Mill’s method of ____________ states: When two or more cases of a given phenomenon haveone and only one condition in common, then that condition may be regarded as cause of thephenomenon.(a) Agreement (b) Difference(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

37. Which of the following is necessary condition for causation?(a) The concomitant relationship condition(b) The temporal antecedence condition(c) The lack of alternative explanation condition(d) All of the above

38. The variable which is manipulated by the researcher to check its effect is ____________.(a) Dependent (b) Co-dependent(c) Independent (d) All the above

39. The following are the synonyms for independent variable except:(a) Stimulus (b) Input(c) Consequence (d) Presumed Cause

40. Which of the following is the synonym for dependent variable?(a) Output (b) Criterion(c) Effect (d) All the above

41. The variable which can affect dependent variable but presently not included in the scope ofstudy is called ____________.(a) Independent variable (b) Extraneous variable(c) Effect variable (d) None of the above


42. The group that does not receive the experimental treatment but participates in the study is the____________.(a) Experimental group (b) Control group(c) Treatment group (d) Independent group

43. Hypothesis is ____________.(a) Assumption which does not have any relation with the research problem.(b) Most possible proposed solution of the research problem.(c) Assumption whose validity needs to be checked.(d) Both b and c are correct.

44. What is the quality of a good hypothesis?(a) Specific and precise(b) Empirically testable(c) Indicate relationship between variables(d) All the above

45. Which hypothesis states that there is no relationship between variables?(a) Null (b) Alternate(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

46. Alternate hypothesis can be formed in the following ways except:(a) Not equal to (b) Greater than(c) Less than (d) Equal to

47. The null and alternate hypothesis divides all possibilities into ____________.(a) Two sets that overlap(b) Two non-overlapping sets(c) Two sets that may or may not overlap(d) As many sets to cover all the possibilities

48. Which of the following is true of null and alternate hypothesis?(a) One hypothesis must be true(b) Both hypotheses must be true(c) Both hypotheses must be false(d) None of the above

49. Type I error in hypothesis testing means:(a) True null hypothesis is rejected(b) False null hypothesis is accepted

50. Type II error in hypothesis testing means(a) True null hypothesis is rejected(b) False null hypothesis is accepted



1. (c) 11. (d) 21. (c) 31. (b) 41. (b)2. (d) 12. (d) 22. (a) 32. (c) 42. (b)3. (b) 13. (a) 23. (a) 33. (d) 43. (d)4. (c) 14. (a) 24. (d) 34. (c) 44. (d)5. (b) 15. (c) 25. (b) 35. (b) 45. (a)6. (b) 16. (b) 26. (d) 36. (a) 46. (d)7. (a) 17. (b) 27. (a) 37. (d) 47. (b)8. (a) 18. (a) 28. (d) 38. (c) 48. (a)9. (a) 19. (a) 29. (c) 39. (c) 49. (a)10. (b) 20. (a) 30. (b) 40. (d) 50. (b)


Chapter 3Measurement and Data

1. ____________ is the assignment of numbers or other symbols to characteristics of objectsaccording to certain pre-specified rules.(a) Scaling (b) Ranking(c) Measurement (d) Rating

2. ____________ is a process of designing an instrument or continuum for measurement.(a) Rating (b) Scaling(c) Ranking (d) Scale

3. ____________ is an instrument or continuum used for measurement.(a) Rating (b) Scaling(c) Ranking (d) Scale

4. The following are the qualities of good measurement except ____________.(a) Flexibility (b) Reliability(c) Validity (d) Practicality

5. ____________ is a scale whose numbers serve only as labels or tags for identifying andclassifying objects with a strict one-to-one correspondence between the numbers and theobjects.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval

6. Which of the following statistics is permissible in case of nominal data?(a) Mean (b) Median(c) Mode (d) Parametric Tests

7. ____________ is a ranking scale in which numbers are assigned to objects to indicate therelative extent to which some characteristic is possessed. Thus, it is possible to determinewhether an object has more or less of a characteristic than some other object.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval

8. Ranking of players in the tournament constitute a ___________ scale.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval

9. Which of the following statistics is permissible in case of ordinal data?(a) Mean (b) Median(c) Standard Deviation (d) Parametric Tests

10. ____________ is a scale in which numbers are used to rank the objects such that numericallyequal distances on a scale represents equal distances in the characteristics being measured.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval


11. Which of the following statistics is permissible in case of interval data?(a) Mean (b) Standard Deviation(c) Variance (d) All the above

12. ____________ scale has an arbitrary or assumed zero or origin.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval

13. The ____________ is the highest scale. It allows the researcher to identify or classify objects,rank order the objects, and compare intervals or differences. It is also meaningful to computeratios of scale values.(a) Ratio (b) Ordinal(c) Interval (d) Nominal

14. Sales, cost, market share and profit are variables which are measure using ____________scale.(a) Ratio (b) Nominal(c) Ordinal (d) Interval

15. Parametric tests are possible on which of the following type of data?(a) Nominal (b) Interval(c) Ordinal (d) None of the above

16. ____________ is the most primitive scale.(a) Ratio (b) Ordinal(c) Nominal (d) Interval

17. ____________ is the most perfect scale.(a) Nominal (b) Ordinal(c) Interval (d) Ratio

18. Rating scales are ___________ scales.(a) Ranking (b) Monadic(c) Comparative (d) None of the above

19. ____________ is a scale in which each object is measured and scaled independently of theother objects.(a) Ranking (b) Rating(c) Comparative (d) None of the above

20. ____________ scale has two response options.(a) Multiple choice (b) Likert(c) Dichotomous (d) Semantic Differential

21. ____________ is a scaling technique in which respondents are required to allocate constantsum of points to various attributes based on their relative importance or preference.(a) Rank Order (b) Constant Sum(c) Paired Comparison (d) Q-sort


22. In a ____________ scale respondents rate the objects by placing a mark at the appropriateposition on a line that runs from one extreme of the criterion variable to the other.(a) Likert (b) Constant Sum(c) Semantic Differential (d) Continuous Rating

23. Which of the following is not a type of itemized rating scale?(a) Likert (b) Graphic Rating(c) Semantic Differential (d) None of the above

24. A ____________ is a measurement scale with five response categories ranging from “stronglydisagree” to “strongly agree,” which requires the respondents to indicate degree of agreementor disagreement with each of a series of statements related to the stimulus objects.(a) Likert (b) Continuous Rating Scale(c) Semantic Differential (d) None of the above

25. A ____________ is a seven point rating scale with endpoints associated with bi-polar labelsthat have semantic meaning.(a) Likert (b) Continuous Rating(c) Semantic Differential (d) None of the above

26. The ____________ is a comparative scaling technique in which a respondent is presentedwith two objects at a time and asked to select one object in the pair according to somecriterion. The data obtained is ordinal in nature.(a) Rank Order (b) Constant Sum(c) Q-sort (d) Paired Comparison

27. ____________ is a comparative scaling technique in which respondents are presented withseveral objects simultaneously and asked to order or rank them according to some criterion.(a) Rank Order (b) Q-sort(c) Constant Sum (d) Paired Comparison

28. Which of the following is not a type of non-comparative scale?(a) Likert (b) Rank Order(c) Semantic Differential (d) None of the Above

29. What is secondary data?(a) Unimportant data (b) Ordinary data(c) Ordinal data (d) Existing data

30. ____________ data exist in some or the other form and is collected already by somebody elsefor the purpose other than the problem at hand.(a) Primary data (b) Both a and b(c) Secondary data (d) None of the above

31. The advantage of secondary data is ____________.(a) It is always complete (b) It is always relevant(c) It is always current (d) It is inexpensive


32. The disadvantage of secondary data is ____________.(a) It may not be correct (b) It is inexpensive(c) It is fast to obtain (d) It is existing data

33. Secondary data is generally used for following reasons except.(a) Identify or refine the research problem(b) Decide research design(c) Formulate hypothesis(d) Evaluate new products

34. Which one of the following secondary data is obtained from the internal source?(a) Magazine reviews (b) Past sales of company(c) Published market reports (d) Competitor’s price on web

35. Which one of the following secondary data is obtained from external source?(a) Past sales of the company (b) Own production figures(c) Employee feedback (d) Government reports

36. Which one of the following is not a search engine?(a) Google (b) Archie(c) Yahoo (d) Dewey

37. Which one of the following is the most damaging problem with the secondary data?(a) It may not be correct (b) It may not be complete(c) It may not be current (d) It may not be relevant

38. ____________ data is the data collected afresh by the researcher for the specific purpose ofsolving the problem.(a) Primary data (b) Both a and b(c) Secondary data (d) None of the above

39. Primary data is ____________.(a) Processed data (b) Existing data(c) Raw data (d) None of the above

40. The following are the advantages of primary data except ____________.(a) It is current (b) It is complete(c) It is relevant (d) It is inexpensive

41. The following are the types of survey method except ____________.(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Focus Group

42. ____________ interview involves use of a set of predetermined questions and highlysystematic technique of recording.(a) Structured (b) Focus Group(c) Unstructured (d) None of the above


43. Which of the following methods results in more accurate and in-depth information?(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Electronic Survey

44. .Which of the following methods requires least cost?(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Electronic Survey

45. Which of the following methods offers more flexibility?(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Electronic Survey

46. Observation method can be used alongwith ____________.(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Electronic Survey

47. Response rate is lowest in case of ____________.(a) Personal Interview (b) Self-Administered Survey(c) Telephone Interview (d) Electronic Survey

48. Close end questions are ____________.(a) Objective type questions (b) Unstructured questions(c) Subjective type questions (d) Free response questions

49. Which of the following questions researcher needs to avoid while designing the questionnaire?(a) Leading questions (b) Double barreled questions(c) Ambiguous questions (d) All the above

50. ____________ testing is done before finalizing the questionnaire.(a) Alpha (b) Gamma(c) Beta (d) Pilot


1. (c) 11. (d) 21. (b) 31. (d) 41. (d)2. (b) 12. (d) 22. (d) 32. (a) 42. (a)3. (d) 13. (a) 23. (b) 33. (d) 43. (a)4. (a) 14. (a) 24. (a) 34. (b) 44. (d)5. (b) 15. (b) 25. (c) 35. (d) 45. (a)6. (c) 16. (c) 26. (d) 36. (d) 46. (a)7. (c) 17. (d) 27. (a) 37. (a) 47. (b)8. (c) 18. (b) 28. (b) 38. (a) 48. (a)9. (b) 19. (b) 29. (d) 39. (c) 49. (d)10. (d) 20. (c) 30. (c) 40. (d) 50. (d)


Chapter 4Sampling

1. A sample is a subset of ____________.(a) Population (b) Set(c) Data (d) None of the above

2. Census involves collecting data from ____________ unit/s of population.(a) One (b) All(c) Few (d) None of the above

3. An aggregate of all the elements that share a common set of characteristics and about whichinferences are to be drawn is called ____________.(a) Sample (b) Census(c) Population (d) None of the above

4. ____________ saves valuable resources and still gives fairly accurate results.(a) Census (b) Both a and c(c) Sampling (d) None of the above

5. Good sample design possess following characteristic.(a) Sample should represent population(b) Sample design should result in small sampling error(c) Sample size should be adequate(d) All the above

6. The population should be defined in terms of all of the following except:(a) Sampling unit (b) Size(c) Extent (d) Time

7. The basic unit containing the elements of the population is called ____________.(a) Sample (b) Sampling Frame(c) Sampling Unit (d) None of the above

8. If researcher knows the number of units in the population it is called as ____________population.(a) Known (b) Infinite(c) Finite (d) None of the above

9. The list of all the sampling units in the population is called ____________.(a) Sample (b) Sampling Frame(c) Source list (d) Both b and c

10. A sampling frame is ____________.(a) A summary of all the stages involved in designing sample(b) List of all the sampling units in the population(c) List of selected sampling units of population(d) Wooden frame to display selected sampling units


11. Sampling is preferred in following conditions except:(a) Large population size(b) Resource constraint(c) Wider geographic spread of units in population(d) More heterogeneity in population

12. If the sample size is greater than 30 it is ____________.(a) Small Sample (b) Large Sample(c) Mid-size Sample (d) None of the above

13. The sample size decision should be guided by which of the following consideration:(a) Sample size in similar previous research(b) Sample size calculation based on Statistical formula(c) Resource constraint(d) All the above

14. The size of sample depend on(a) Variability in population(b) Confidence level(c) Degree of precision or accuracy required(d) All the above

15. If degree of acceptable error is reduced then the sample size will ____________.(a) Increase (b) Not change(c) Decrease (d) None of the above

16. In ____________ sampling methods probability of selection of sampling units frompopulation is known and non-zero.(a) Probability (b) Both a and c(c) Non-Probability (d) None of the above

17. The margin of error can not be estimated in case of ____________ sampling methods.(a) Probability (b) Both a and c(c) Non-Probability (d) None of the above

18. In probability sampling methods, sampling units are selected based on ____________.(a) Randomness (b) Judgement of researcher(c) Convenience of researcher (d) None of the above

19. ____________ sampling methods are subjective in nature.(a) Probability (b) Both a and c(c) Non-Probability (d) None of the above

20. If one can determine the chance of selecting sampling units from population then it is called____________.(a) Probability Sampling Method (b) Judgemental Sampling Method(c) Non-Probability Sampling Method (d) None of the above


21. Which one of the following is a probability sampling method?(a) Convenience Sampling (b) Quota Sampling(c) Purposive Sampling (d) Cluster Sampling

22. Which one of the following is not a probability sampling method?(a) Simple Random Sampling (b) Snowball Sampling(c) Stratified Sampling (d) Systematic Sampling

23. Which one of the following is a non-probability sampling method?(a) Quota Sampling (b) Convenience Sampling(c) Cluster Sampling (d) Both a and b

24. Which one of the following is not a non-probability sampling method?(a) Judgemental Sampling (b) Quota Sampling(c) Snowball Sampling (d) Area Sampling

25. Systematic sampling is a ____________ sampling method.(a) Non-Probability (b) Probability(c) Both a and b (d) None of the above

26. Quota sampling is a ____________ sampling method.(a) Probability (b) Both a and c(c) Non-Probability (d) None of the above

27. In which of the following methods sampling units are selected randomly?(a) Stratified Sampling (b) Snowball Sampling(c) Quota Sampling (d) All the above

28. In which of the following methods sampling units are selected based on judgement?(a) Cluster Sampling (b) Quota Sampling(c) Systematic Sampling (d) None of the above

29. In which of the following methods each and every sampling unit in the population has anequal chance of selection.(a) Convenience Sampling (b) Simple Random Sampling(c) Purposive Sampling (d) Snowball Sampling

30. In ____________ sampling method respondents who are available, volunteer or researcher isfamiliar with them and from whom data can be collected easily are selected as sample.(a) Simple Random (b) Cluster(c) Systematic (d) Convenience

31. In ____________ sampling method researcher ask the research participants to identify otherpotential research participants.(a) Quota (b) Judgemental(c) Convenience (d) Snowball

32. Which of the following methods leads to the most representative sample and accurate results?(a) Simple Random Sampling (b) Proportionate Stratified Sampling(c) Cluster Sampling (d) Quota Sampling


33. Which of the following methods is the most cost effective method?(a) Simple Random Sampling (b) Systematic Sampling(c) Cluster Sampling (d) Stratified Sampling

34. The researcher has divided the population based on gender and thereafter random sample ofmales and random sample of females was taken. It means researcher has used ____________sampling method.(a) Cluster (b) Stratified(c) Quota (d) Systematic

35. Determining the sampling interval (represented by k), randomly selecting first sampling unitbetween 1 and kth unit and then each time adding k to the previously selected unit to selectthe next sampling unit is the procedure followed in ____________ sampling method.(a) Stratified (b) Cluster(c) Systematic (d) Quota

36. Selection of cricket team for world cup is called:(a) Simple Random Sampling (b) Snowball Sampling(c) Stratified Sampling (d) Purposive Sampling

37. The sampling method in which population is first divided into homogeneous groups and thensample is drawn from each group randomly is called:(a) Cluster Sampling (b) Quota Sampling(c) Stratified Sampling (d) Systematic Sampling

38. In ____________ sampling method population is first divided into groups which areheterogeneous within and homogeneous amongst.(a) Stratified (b) Quota(c) Cluster (d) All the above

39. The quota sampling is different from stratified sampling because the sampling units areselected ____________.(a) Based on randomness (b) Based on convenience(c) Based on judgement (d) Based on reference

40. Area sampling is a version of ____________ sampling method.(a) Stratified (b) Cluster(c) Quota (d) None of the above

41. Which one of the following is type of error in research?(a) Sampling error (b) Analytical error(c) Non-sampling error (d) Both a and c

42. Total error in research is ____________.(a) Sampling Error plus Non-sampling Error(b) Non-sampling Error minus Sampling Error(c) Sampling Error minus Non-Sampling Error(d) None of the above


43. Which one of the following is the sampling error?(a) Sampling Frame Error (b) Both a and c(c) Chance Error (d) None of the above

44. In sampling frame error sampling frame can be ____________ of population.(a) Subset (b) Intersection(c) Superset (d) All the above

45. The difference between sample statistic and population parameter is ____________.(a) Standard Error (b) Sampling Error(c) Difference Error (d) None of the above

46. Chance error is also called as ____________.(a) Random Sampling Error (b) Non-sampling Error(c) Non-random Sampling Error (d) None of the above

47. If sample size is increased, sampling error will ____________.(a) Decrease (b) Not Change(c) Increase (d) Can’t Say

48. If population is heterogeneous, then the sampling error will ____________.(a) Be Small (b) Not Change(c) Be Large (d) Can’t Say

49. Error in designing the questionnaire is ____________.(a) Sampling Error (b) Can be a or c(c) Non-sampling Error (d) None of the above

50. Error in data analysis is ____________.(a) Sampling Error (b) Can be a or c(c) Non-sampling Error (d) None of the above


1. (a) 11. (d) 21. (d) 31. (d) 41. (d)2. (b) 12. (b) 22. (b) 32. (b) 42. (a)3. (c) 13. (d) 23. (d) 33. (c) 43. (b)4. (c) 14. (d) 24. (d) 34. (b) 44. (d)5. (d) 15. (a) 25. (b) 35.. (c) 45. (b)6. (b) 16. (a) 26. (c) 36. (d) 46. (a)7. (c) 17. (c) 27. (a) 37. (c) 47. (a)8. (c) 18. (a) 28. (b) 38. (c) 48. (c)9. (d) 19. (c) 29. (b) 39. (c) 49. (c)10. (b) 20. (a) 30. (d) 40 (b) 50. (c)


Chapter 5Data Analysis and Report Writing

1. The process of converting ‘raw data’ into ‘organised data’ is called ____________.(a) Data Preparation (b) Inferential Analysis(c) Data Processing (d) Both a and c

2. The following steps are part of data processing except:(a) Editing (b) Hypothesis Testing(c) Coding (d) Classification

3. ____________ is a step in data processing which involves screening the filled questionnaires,identify and remove errors to ensure completeness and correctness of data.(a) Coding (b) Editing(c) Classification (d) Coding

4. ____________ is a step in data processing which involves assigning a number or alphabet toresponses of the questions in the questionnaire for the purpose of smooth data entry in thecomputer software.(a) Editing (b) Classification(c) Coding (d) Tabulation

5. If data is classified on the basis of descriptive characteristics or attributes it is called____________.(a) Qualitative Classification (b) Statistics of Variables(c) Quantitative Classification (d) None of the above

6. If data is classified on the basis of variables, either discrete or continuous it is called____________.(a) Statistics of Attributes (b) Quantitative Classification(c) Qualitative Classification (d) None of the Above

7. Cross-tables contain data about ____________.(a) One variable (b) Minimum Three variables(c) Two or more variables (d) None of the above

8. A cross-table showing all the categories or classes along with their relative frequencies iscalled ____________.(a) Frequency Table (b) Both a and c(c) Frequency Distribution (d) None of the above

9. ____________ chart is one dimensional and involves non-overlapping rectangles of equalwidth.(a) Histogram (b) Both a and c(c) Bar (d) None of the above

10. ____________ chart is known as circle chart.(a) Bar (b) Histogram(c) Pie (d) Stem and Leaf


11. ____________ chart is also known as time series plot.(a) Bar (b) Stem and Leaf(c) Histogram (d) Line

12. ____________ chart is suitable for ratio data and is used for presenting frequencydistributions.(a) Bar (b) Pie(c) Line (d) Histogram

13. The boxplot is drawn based on:(a) Median (b) Largest and Smallest Observations(c) Upper and Lower Quartiles (d) All the above

14. In boxplot rectangular box comprises ____________ % of data values.(a) 25 (b) 75(c) 50 (d) 100

15. In boxplot, the center line going through the width of the box which divides the box into twoparts marks ____________.(a) Mean (b) Lower Quartile(c) Upper Quartile (d) Median

16. In boxplot the right and left hinge is ____________ respectively.(a) Upper and Lower Quartile (b) Largest and Smallest Observation(c) Lower and Upper Quartile (d) Smallest and Largest Observation

17. ____________ chart is used to portray price movements of a security, derivative or currencyover time.(a) Line (b) Bar(c) Candlestick (d) Stem and Leaf

18. If the closing price of security is higher than the opening price of the day, the ‘real body’ ofthe candlestick chart would be ____________.(a) Black (b) White(c) Red (d) None of the above

19. Black or red coloured ‘real body’ of the candlestick chart indicates ____________.(a) Bullish Market (b) Bearish Market(c) Stagnant Market (d) None of the above

20. If the opening and closing price of the security is exactly same then it is represented as____________.(a) Doji Line (b) Long Real Body(c) Spinning Top (d) None of the above

21. ____________ analysis is used to develop different indices from the data in order to describeor explain it.(a) Inferential Analysis (b) Both a and c(c) Descriptive Analysis (d) None of the above


22. Descriptive analysis involves ____________.(a) Univariate Analysis (b) Multivariate Analysis(c) Bivariate Analysis (d) All the above

23. Measures of central tendency are used for analysis of ____________ data.(a) Multivariate (b) Univariate(c) Bivariate (d) None of the above

24. Which one of the following is not a measure of the central tendency?(a) Mean (b) Mode(c) Median (d) Range

25. ____________ is also called as arithmetic average and is widely used measure of centraltendency.(a) Mean (b) Mode(c) Median (d) All the above

26. The value of ____________ can not be determined graphically.(a) Mode (b) Mean(c) Median (d) Both a and c

27. ____________ is the best measure of central tendency and is affected by value of every itemin the data set.(a) Mode (b) Median(c) Mean (d) Both b and c

28. ____________ is the value of the middle item of the data series when it is arranged inascending or descending order.(a) Mean (b) Median(c) Mode (d) All the above

29. The most frequently occurring value in the data set is called ____________.(a) Mean (b) Median(c) Range (d) Mode

30. A data set can have more than one ____________.(a) Mean (b) Mode(c) Median (d) Standard Deviation

31. ____________ is not affected by value of extreme items in the data set.(a) Mean (b) Mode(c) Median (d) Both b and c

32. Correlation analysis throws light on ____________.(a) Strength of relationship between variables(b) Both a and c(c) Direction of relationship(d) None of the above


33. In ____________ correlation, if one variable increases then other variable also increase.(a) Negative (b) No(c) Positive (d) None of the above

34. ____________ are used when you want to visually examine the relationship between twoquantitative variables.(a) Bar Chart (b) Line Chart(c) Histogram (d) Scatter Plot

35. If the points on the scatter plot slopes from upper left to lower right, then there exits____________ relationship.(a) Positive (b) Negative(c) No (d) None of the above

36. The value of product moment correlation coefficient (r) varies from ____________.(a) 0 to 1 (b) -1 to 1(c) -1 to 0 (d) 0 to 10

37. If the value of r is -1, it shows ____________ correlation.(a) Negative (b) Perfect Positive(c) Positive (d) Perfect Negative

38. Charles’ Spearman’s coefficient of correlation is also known as ____________ Coefficient.(a) Product Moment Correlation (b) Both a and c(c) Rank Correlation (d) None of the above

39. Rank Correlation Coefficient is used in case of ____________ data(a) Nominal (b) Ordinal(c) Interval (d) Ratio

40. ____________ is best to use to determine how strongly sales are related to advertisingexpenditures.(a) Rank Correlation Coefficient(b) ANOVA(c) Product Moment Correlation Coefficient(d) All the above

41. ____________ is a procedure for deriving a mathematical relationship, in the form of anequation, between a single metric dependent variable and a single metric independent variable.(a) Correlation (b) Simple Regression(c) Chi-square (d) Multiple Regression

42. If regression equation is Y = 8 + 10X, then regression coefficient is ____________.(a) 8 (b) 80(c) 10 (d) 18

43. If both regression lines coincide then it shows ____________ correlation.(a) Perfect Positive (b) Both a or c(c) Perfect Negative (d) No


44. Interval or ratio data is ____________ data.(a) Independent (b) Metric(c) Paired (d) Non-metric

45. Non-parametric tests are used for ____________ data.(a) Independent (b) Paired(c) Metric (d) Non-metric

46. All the following are parametric tests except:(a) z test (b) ANOVA(c) t test (d) Tests of Randomness

47. Which significance test is used if sample size is less than 30?(a) z test (b) Both a and c(c) t test (d) None of the above

48. Which test is known as Variance Ratio Test?(a) z test (b) F test(c) t test (d) ANOVA

49. Chi-square test is ____________.(a) Parametric Test (b) Both a or c(c) Non-parametric Test (d) None of the above

50. The research report serves following purpose.(a) Feedback to management (b) Future reference(c) Helps in decision making (d) All the above


1. (d) 11. (d) 21. (c) 31. (d) 41. (b)2. (b) 12. (d) 22. (d) 32. (b) 42. (c)3. (b) 13. (d) 23. (b) 33. (c) 43. (b)4. (c) 14. (c) 24. (d) 34. (d) 44. (b)5. (a) 15. (d) 25. (a) 35. (b) 45. (d)6. (b) 16. (a) 26. (b) 36. (b) 46. (d)7. (c) 17. (c) 27. (c) 37. (d) 47. (c)8. (b) 18. (b) 28. (b) 38. (c) 48. (b)9. (c) 19. (b) 29. (d) 39. (b) 49. (b)10. (c) 20. (a) 30. (b) 40. (c) 50. (d)

business research methods (brm) - neville wadia

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