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20-2McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights

Reserved.

Part FourANALYSIS AND

PRESENTATION OF DATA

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Chapter TwentyPRESENTING RESULTS:Written and Oral Reports

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Written Research Report

• Short report– For well-defined, limited-scope problems with

straight-forward methodology– Usually 5 or fewer pages– Formats

• Findings summary (graphical or tabular) attached to letter of transmittal

• Business letter• Internal memorandum

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Written Research Report

• Short Report (Memorandum)– Reason for writing– Answer direct inquiry with specific

answer and supporting detail– Expository style with brevity and

directness– Attach detailed materials as

appendices when needed

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Written Research Report

• Long report– Technical report

– Management report

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Long Report Components

• Prefatory Items– Letter of transmittal– Title page– Authorization letter– Executive summary– Table of contents

• Introduction– Problem statement– Research objectives– Background

• Methodology– Sampling design– Research design– Data collection– Data analysis– Limitations

• Conclusions– Summary conclusions– Recommendations

• Appendices• Bibliography

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Written Report Considerations

• Order of report– Sentence outline– Topic outline

Comprehensibility – Readability indices– Pace– Tone

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Presentation of Statistics

• Text paragraph format

• Semi-tabular format

• Tabular format

• Graphical format

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Graphical Formats

• Line graphs

• Area charts

• Pie charts

• Bar charts

• Pictographs/Geo-Graphics

• 3-D graphics

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Oral Presentations

• Preparation– Length– Content– Style

• Scripted• Extemporaneous

– Audiovisuals • Type• Role

• Content– Opening– Findings and

conclusions– Recommendations

• Delivery– Vocal characteristics– Physical

characteristics

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Audiovisual Aids

• Chalkboards• Whiteboards• Handout materials• Flip charts• Slides• Overhead transparencies• Computer-drawn visuals• Computer animation