but what about skid resistance - ciht.org.uk€¦ · but what about skid resistance retexturing-...
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But what about Skid ResistanceRetexturing- the sustainable approach
Tim Naidu Briser Road Safety
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The Problem: LitigationProvision of Skid ResistanceCauses of Low Skid ResistanceMeasurement
Outline
Maintenance OptionsRetexturing MethodsPractical ApplicationsConsiderations
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Reliable Road Surface RequirementsRide qualityWaterproofContamination resistantEconomic Maintenance Strength & Durability
Noise reductionSpray reduction
Water dispersionGrip
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Macro and Microtexture
MicroMacro
Micro Macro
PositiveTexture
NegativeTexture
1.8 Ford Focus driven at 70MPH
Breaking distance with 1.6mm tread: 135M
Breaking distance with 3.0mm tread: 91M (-30%)
Auto Express Magazine:Wet Grip Shock
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Seasonal Variations
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Litigation issuesCivil Action:10 years: 8 fold increase- +9% per annum80%: highway maintenance- Surface is thirdNew Protocols for Road Death InvestigationInvestigate all incidents as “Unlawful Killings”until the contrary is proved
EuroRap(European Road Assessment Programme)
AA Foundation: Get a Grip-Tyres, Road Surfaces& Traffic Accidents
HSE - MORR
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Litigation issuesCodes of Practices
HD28/04 Management of Skid Resistance
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HD28/04 Management of Skid Resistance
4. Setting Investigation Levels4.12 Factors:....low texture depth
6. Prioritising of Treatment6.2 HD36-Surfacing materials for new and
maintenance construction (departures)HD37- Bituminous surfacing materials and
techniquesHD38-Concrete surfacing and materials...retexture-SR and/or Texture Depth
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HD28/04 Management of Skid Resistance
Annex 1: Background information...................................road surface properties A 1.4 Micro & Macro textureA 1.5 Tabled effectA 1.8 Traffic/Temp/Surface characteristics
HD29/94 Structural Assessment Methods
A 4.14 Content of Site Investigation-Texture
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Litigation issuesCodes of Practices
Well–maintained HighwaysCode of Practice for Highway Maintenance ManagementRoad Liaison Group July 2005
HD28/04 Management of Skid Resistance
CSS Guidance Note: Skidding Resistance
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9.8 Skid Resistance Survey Requirements
9.8.1 HD28/04 Management of Skid ResistanceCSS Guidance Note: Skidding ResistanceIAN 49/03 or Early Life SR Strategy
9.8.6 SR Policy as part of their HAMP:the documentation, to be retained to enable implementation of policy to be demonstrated(in court if necessary)
SA3: % SCRIM surveyed
9.8.5 Appoint a member of staff to be responsible
9.8.17 Where skidding resistance is low…remedial treatment should be prioritised
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Designing for Safety: Skid Resistance
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Designing for Safety: Risk
Statistical analysis of site category accident rates determines default SR level
TRL Report 622: Accidents and the SR standard for strategic roads
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Designing for Safety: SurfaceQuality of Aggregate: PSV
DMRB Vol.7 Sec.5 Ch.3: HD36/06
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Contamination
Loss of Skid Resistance
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Fatting up:Curing/MixMulti layers
Factors affecting Macro Texture
Aggregate:DepressionWear
Surfacing:Failure to meet specOver-rolling/mix
Detritus blockage
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Contamination:RubberDetritusBitumen
Factors affecting Micro Texture
Polishing:PSV/AAV/Traffic
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The Early Life SR of New Surfaces
Skid Resistance during first 3-6 months
Issues
Melting of binder film in the dry
Blinding of Microtexture in the wet
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Skid Resistance Testing
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CSC – Characteristic SCRIM Coefficient
HD 28/04 Management of Skid Resistance
Code of Practice for Highways Management:MSSC,Annual with Benchmark or Annual
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Macro Texture Testing
Sand Patch-Volumetric1.5mm new
TRACS1.1 mm SMTDequivalence
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If it’s slipperywhen wet
what can we do?
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Skid Resistance Improvement Options
Surface DressResurface
Slippery Road Signs
Retexture
Recycle
High Friction Dress
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• DMRB Vol.7 Sec.5 Ch11HD 37/99 Retexturing (Bituminous)
•TRL 298 and 299Mechanical retexturing of roads: Process eval. & durability
• DMRB Vol.7 Sec.4 Ch 2HD 32/94 Maintenance of Concrete Roads
•DMRB Vol.7 Sec.4 Ch 2HD 31/94 Surface Treatments
•DMRB Vol.7 Sec.5 Ch 3HD 38/97 Concrete Surfacing & Materials
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“Retexturing is the mechanical reworking of a sound road surface to restore either skidding resistance,
texture depth or both.”
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges(DMRB) – Vol 7
“11.5. Advantages include:a) Conservation of natural resources by
reworking an existing surface”
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High Specification Aggregate Statistics
Use of NTS has seen HSA annual demand increase from 2.6Mt to 6.1Mt between 92 and 02: +135%
23 HSA quarries in UK of which 13 are in EnglandHSA imported from outside England increased from 0.92Mt to 2.25Mt: + 145%
Current demand/supply provides for 17 years
“The sustainable use of HSA in SR road surfacing in England”Capita Symonds 2005
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Retexturing - DMRB
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Water Retexturing/Captive Hydrology
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Carbonising
Outside scope of TRL 1994 project
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Grooving
Longitudinal Scabbling
OrthogonalGrooving
Micro-milling
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Shot Blasting/Preening
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Bush Hammering (Klaruwtex 190)
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Bush Hammering (Klaruwtex190)
Before After
The effect
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How Retexturingcan be used
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Response to SR testing
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Response to RTAs
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Stop-gap measure
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Accelerated Weathering
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Network Asset Management
• Maintains SR above IL• Reduces wet skid crashes• Establishes rate of polishing• Assists maintenance planning• Reduces whole life costs
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Retexturing ConsiderationsDMRB Micro or Macro
Surface
Drainage
Collateral Damage
Repeatability
Speed Weather Dependency
Selectivity
Roundabouts
Surface Profile Full Lane Width
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Why Retexture?Improve safety and reduce crashesMake best use of resources
Whole life cost savings
Social and Political obligations
3rd Party Claims/Litigation