by: michael stubbs daniel stanley. small business health care health insurance becomes harder to...
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By:Michael StubbsDaniel Stanley
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Small Business Health CareHealth insurance becomes harder to afford as the
cost of health care increases in the US.The root of the problem and the base of the
political debates over health care is the number of uninsured people in the US.
According to a study done by the Kaiser Family Foundation in 2005, only 59% of small businesses offer health insurance to their employees.
Rather than restructuring the whole health system in the US, solving health insurance issues at the small business level could be an easier and less drastic solution.
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Small Business Health CareFor employers, the money spent on providing
health care to their employees can be spent in other ways.
When the insurance costs reach a point in which price exceeds the means, some companies stop supplying health care and spend the money elsewhere.
Smaller businesses tend to be hit harder by rising insurance costs, which results in a number of small businesses not supplying health insurance to their workers.
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What is a Small Business?Differing credible sources define a small business
in different ways.The state of Illinois definition of a small employer
is any group from 2 to 50 employees.Same as the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)Kaiser Family Foundation use the range of 3 to 199
employees
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Firm Size MattersThe size of a firm is a strong determinant of whether
the company provides health insurance to its employees.
According to a survey released in 2007 by the Kaiser Family Foundation, only 59% of firms with 3 to 199 employees offered health benefits.99% of firms with 200 employees or larger offered
health benefits
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Firm Size MattersPercentage of Companies Offering Health Insurance
# of Employees 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
3 - 9 58% 55% 52% 47% 48% 45%
10 - 29 70% 76% 74% 72% 73% 76%
25 - 49 86% 84% 87% 87% 87% 83%
50 - 199 95% 95% 92% 93% 92% 94%
All Small 66% 65% 63% 59% 60% 59%
Over 200 98% 98% 99% 98% 98% 99%
Source: ÒEmployer Health Benefits: 2007 Annual SurveyÓ Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Education Fund
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Costs Too HighThe other 41% of small business employees must
find health insurance elsewhere.63% of small businesses not offering health
insurance in 2002 cite a major reason of not doing so was that the business could not afford the cost. up 10% from the same survey done in 2000
due to the increase in health insurance premiums.
Between 2000 and 2002, average health insurance premiums had risen 23.8% and continue to rise through 2007.
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Internal Health InsuranceThe cost of providing health insurance depends
on:What insurance provider the company usesWhat plan type the company chooses to supply.
Some large companies manage their own health insurance plans through an internal human resource department.
Most small businesses don’t have the funds or manpower to manage their own human resource department.Fees and commissions small businesses pay other
companies to run their health insurance is one disadvantage they face when compared to larger companies that supply their own insurance.
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Internal Health InsuranceMost small businesses don’t have the funds or
manpower to manage their own human resource department.
The fees and commissions small businesses pay other companies to run their health insurance is one disadvantage they face when compared to larger companies that supply their own insurance.
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Actuarial AssumptionsPart of the cost of a group plan depends on actuarial
estimations of the overall medical expenses of that group.The more people in the group, the more people can take
on part of the cost of an unhealthy individual within the group.
Lowers the probability of having higher medical costs than collected premiums
No economies of scale
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Small Business Health Fairness ActDifferent measures have been proposed to level
the playing ground for small businesses.Several alternatives exist for small businesses to
make health care plans affordable:Health Savings AccountsState Group Purchasing Arrangements
Alternatives reduce costs for small businesses, but a better means of assisting small businesses may be the ideals proposed in the Small Business Health Fairness Act (SBHFA) of 2007.
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Alternatives for Small BusinessesHealth savings accountsState purchasing agreementsDisease management and wellness programsSmall Business Health Fairness Act of 2007
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Health Savings AccountsCreated by Medicare Modernization Act in
2003Employees set aside pre-tax wagesGenerally offered with high-deductible plans
and offers reduced premiums for cost savingsOnly 7% of businesses off HSAs
Complicated agreements and employees must be educated on how to effectively use HSAs
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State Purchasing AgreementsPurchase coverage through state associationSmall businesses pool together for cost
savings (similar to SBHFA)Many plans offer reimbursement
arrangements similar to HSAsEmployees use funds in accounts for
deductibles and out-of-pocket health care expenses
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Disease Management and Wellness ProgramsPreventative approachMessage therapists, discounts to health
clubs, on site gyms, etc.Can be grouped with state association plans
to reduce growth rate of premiumsMinimal savings for small businesses
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Small Business Health Fairness ActSBFA passed House vote in 2007 and in prior
years2005 Act attempted to amend ERISA and
create association health plans (AHPs)Allows small businesses to pool resources
and purchase plans only offered to large businesses currently
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Current SituationAverage health care coverage = $4,248 per
employee in 2005 (slightly higher than large companies)
Premiums are more costly for small firms relative to large firms
Small employers premiums increased 8.8% versus 7.7% for large employers in 2006
Over 60% of uninsured Americans worked for small businesses or depend upon small business workers – Rep. Sam Johnson (R) Approximately 28.2 million Americans
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SBHFA BenefitsAHPs may reduce overhead costs by
approximately 30%Costs are the primary reason why some small
businesses do not offer health care to employeesExcludes state mandates to cover certain
conditionsLower premiums and other associated costsPooling resources allows small businesses to self-
insureReduces uninsured numbers and Medicaid
members, an $80 million costs reduction
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Negative ConsequencesLower government tax revenues
Deductibility of employer contributionsHigher employments costs to run programsFederal government estimated loss of $132
between 2006 – 2015State budgets would incur net $35 million
losses over similar time spanCertain ailments such as diabetes would be
uncovered Potential moral hazard
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SBHFA’s FutureBipartisan debateIn 2005, 100% of Republican supported the
Bill while 82% of Democrats reject itWhy such a large discrepancy?
Dependant upon political climate: Democratic or Republican majority in House and Senate
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ConclusionComes down to sacrificing lower quality for
lower costsAmendments are necessary for small
employers to attract and retain employeesWill our government accept potential revenue
decreases to assist small businesses?
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QUESTIONS??
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