by nur azira binti che azmi
TRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Lawsonia inermis Ethanolic Extracts as
Surface Disinfectant
By
NUR AZIRA BINTI CHE AZMI
Thesis submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Bachelor of
Medical Laboratory Technology (Hons), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
2017
i
DECLARATION
I am here to declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been submitted previously
or currently for any other degree at UiTM or any other institution.
……………………………………………….
(NUR AZIRA BINTI CHE AZMI)
940605-02-5818
2013430098
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, thank you to Allah SWT the Almighty, He who gave me the blessing, guidance,
strength, idea and capability to complete the research and salawat and salaam to the Beloved
Prophet Muhammad SAW.
First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor,
Mrs Azlin Sham Rambely for her guidance, advice, help, knowledge and encouragement
towards the completion of this study. She also gave me a lot of useful comments and
suggestions for improvement throughout this research. The extent of my gratitude is to the
lecturers and staffs of Medical Laboratory Centre who always there to assist and support me in
completing the research.
My gratefulness is to my parents, Mr Che Azmi bin Ahmad and Mrs Asiah binti Hanafi,
and my family members for their prayer, support and encouragement for me to complete this
research.
Finally, I would like to thanks all my beloved friends especially my colleague from
Microbiology cluster for the help, comments, suggestions, assistance, and supports throughout
this research. And to those who have been contributing to the completion of this project directly
and indirectly. May Allah bless and reward you with good achievement.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION....................................................................................................................... i
INTELECTUAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................ ii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................ iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. x
LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE ............................... xii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY ........................................................................................ 1
1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................. 2
1.3. SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY ........................................................................................... 3
1.4. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY ............................................................................................... 4
1.4.1. General objective ..................................................................................................... 4
1.4.2. Specific objective ..................................................................................................... 4
1.5. HYPOTHESIS OF STUDY ............................................................................................ 5
1.5.1. Null hypothesis (H0) ................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2. Alternative hypothesis (H1)...................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................. 6
2.1. INTRODUCTION TO DISINFECTANT ...................................................................... 6
2.2. NATURAL PRODUCT AS NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT .................................. 7
2.3. INTRODUCTION TO Lawsonia inermis ...................................................................... 7
2.4. TESTED MICROORGANISMS .................................................................................... 8
2.4.1. Staphylococcus aureus ............................................................................................. 8
2.4.2. Candida albicans ..................................................................................................... 8
2.4.3. Acinetobacter baumannii ......................................................................................... 8
xiii
ABSTRACT
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF Lawsonia inermis
ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS AS SURFACE DISINFECTANT
Lawsonia inermis comes from family of Lythraceae which called as henna in English, Mehndi
in India and Inai in Malay. Sunnah of prophet Muhammad state that this henna can give benefit
which acts as medication due to its phytochemicals properties. Scientific research has proven
that Lawsonia inermis extracts has many beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, allophatic,
and antioxidant activities. Commercial disinfectant such as dettol consist of triclosan and
chloroxylenol which enable to give side effect although function in inhibiting the
microorganisms. Triclosan able to give effect towards environment and health while
chloroxylenol can cause skin irritation and excessive hair fall. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy between commercial disinfectant with ethanolic extracts of
Lawsonia inermis. The evaluation was determined with ethanolic extraction of Lawsonia
inermis, biochemical identification of bacteria which are Candida albicans, Acinetobacter
baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klesiella pneumoniae and
Salmonella typhi. The efficacy was tested on tiles (10x10 cm) then was put into 10 ml
neutralizing broth and the organism growth on media was calculated by using colony forming
unit for statistical analysis. The result was analysed using one-way anova and showed that
Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are significant
because it less than P value (<0.001). The result of this study suggested that Lawsonia inermis
ethanolic extracts have the ability to inhibit the organisms due to its antimicrobial activity and
able to replace commercial disinfectant.
Keywords: Lawsonia inermis, disinfectant, ethanol, extraction